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1.
《西部林业科学》2020,(1)
以红叶石楠不同叶龄的叶片为研究对象,测定其净光合速率日变化(Pn)、光响应曲线、比叶重(LMA)、叶绿素含量等光合生理指标,估算不同叶龄叶片的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和表观光量子效率(AQY),揭示其不同叶龄叶片光合生理特性。结果表明,(1)不同叶龄叶片的净光合速率日变化都呈双峰曲线;(2)叶龄较小的叶片Pn受蒸腾作用(Tr)和光照强度(PAR)影响较大,叶龄较大的叶片Pn受气孔导度(Cond)和相对湿度(RH)影响较大;(3)随着叶龄增加,叶片光合能力不断增强;20d生叶片光饱和点显著小于10d生叶片,对光照更加敏感;叶片的光补偿点和叶绿素a/b变化不显著,各叶龄叶片对弱光的利用能力变化不明显。本研究阐明了红叶石楠不同叶龄叶片净光合速率的影响因素,为红叶石楠的栽培和日常管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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不同梨品种叶片光合特性及其影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以莱阳茌梨、栖霞小香水梨和黄县长把梨为试材,应用CIRAS-II便携式光合测定仪,研究了光合有效辐射、叶龄、叶位和方位对不同梨品种叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明:晴天条件下,所有供试梨品种的净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈不对称双峰曲线;阴天条件下表现为单峰曲线。正面受光叶片的Pn显著高于背面受光叶片。此外,光合速率还受到叶位和叶龄的影响,相同方位外围新梢叶片的净光合速率以基部第7-9叶片最高,且拟合曲线呈抛物线状。Pn随叶龄的增加呈“低—高—低”的趋势,30 d叶龄的莱阳茌梨和栖霞小香水梨叶片具有最大的Pn,而黄县长把梨是40d叶龄。 相似文献
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自然条件下,采用便携式光合作用测定系统CI-340研究了春季樟树不同叶龄叶片的光合特性,结果表明:①樟树叶片的光合特性与叶龄有关,功能叶的净光合速率明显要高于老叶,最大差值出现在11∶00,为2.4μmol CO2.m-2.s-1。②不同叶龄樟树叶片的净光合速率日变化均呈"单峰"型,未出现光合"午休"现象。 相似文献
4.
《湖南林业科技》2015,(6)
为了显示光合测定时所选叶片性状及测定时间对光合速率的影响,试验采用其他试验条件一致、研究目的条件按设计等级差异的方法进行光合速率的测定。试验结果显示:在同一光通量条件下,1年生苗干上叶的净光合速率可分为光合速率上升段、光合速率平稳段、光合速率下降段3个区分段;四足蟎不同为害程度叶的净光合速率下降13.2%~27.3%;杨树苗的净光合速率,上午极显著高于下午。ZH—17、XL—90无性系,在同一时间所发生的叶片总数相近,但保有功能旺盛叶的数量ZH—17比XL—90少,前者是后者的69%。因此,在植物光合速率测定时,不仅要选定叶龄相近、无病虫为害的正常叶,还要注意测定时间,不把上午测定结果与下午比较。 相似文献
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741杨的净光合速率随入射光强度增高而增大。光补偿点为700～900lx,光饱和点出现在5～5.5万lx.饱和光强下净光合速率为16.11mgC0_2·dm~(-2)·h~(-1).光合速率随叶顺序的变化趋势是,刚展开的叶片光合速率较低,最大冷光合速率出现在12～15片叶,以后又逐渐下降。光呼吸随叶顺序变化呈下降趋势。光合作用季节变化中,6～9月光合速率均较高,10月份显著下降。对照易县毛白杨的光合作用变化。模式与741杨基本一致,但光合速率值低于741杨,这与它们在生长上的差异是一致的。 相似文献
6.
《经济林研究》2015,(4)
为给牛角瓜的优质栽培和田间管理提供依据,用LI-6400型光合测定仪于2014年5月观测了元江干热河谷不同牛角瓜叶位叶片光合特性的日变化特征,对牛角瓜不同叶位叶片光合能力进行了研究。结果表明:牛角瓜上下叶位叶片光合速率呈双峰曲线,中叶位呈单峰曲线,上叶位叶片有光合"午休"现象,气孔导度与净光合速率日变化趋势基本一致。各叶位叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值日变化由高到低依次均为上叶位、中叶位、下叶位;胞间CO2浓度呈相反趋势,由高到低依次为下叶位、中叶位、上叶位。研究发现,牛角瓜不同叶位全天最大净光合速率值出现在9:00~10:00,光合"午休"主要是由于叶肉细胞羧化能力下降引起的;除光照因素外,气孔导度是影响光合速率的主要因子。 相似文献
7.
长白落叶松人工林生理及光合特性对模拟氮沉降的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《辽宁林业科技》2018,(6)
为探讨长白落叶松生理及光合特性对氮沉降的响应规律,比较了不同氮沉降水平下长白落叶松最大净光合速率、叶片养分含量及光合色素含量之间的差异。结果表明:长白落叶松最大净光合速率随氮沉降水平呈先增加后下降的趋势,40 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)中氮处理的最大净光合速率达到最大,继续增加施氮量则出现下降趋势;叶片氮含量随氮沉降水平增加而显著增加(p0.05),叶片磷含量和光合色素含量变化不显著(p0.05)。由此可知,氮沉降增加能够显著增加长白落叶松叶片氮含量,对长白落叶松的光合能力也有一定的促进作用,但这种促进作用存在一定的阈值效应。 相似文献
8.
天山中部天然林分中不同龄级天山云杉光合特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对天山中部天山生态站天然林分中4个龄级(即Ⅰ(0～20年)、Ⅱ(20～40年)、Ⅲ(40～60年)及Ⅳ≥60年以上)天山云杉林木不同叶龄叶片的光合速率进行测定,分析在自然环境条件下天山云杉的基本光合特性.结果表明:在自然林分中,不同龄级不同叶龄天山云杉的光补偿点在10～25μmol.m-2s-1之间,光饱和点在870-1 220μmol·m-2s-1之间;不同龄级不同叶龄天山云杉阳生叶的净光合速率日变化为单峰型曲线,分别在10:00-13:00时段内达到最大光合速率;相同叶龄不同龄级天山云杉的净光合速率大小顺序为Ⅲ龄级＞Ⅳ龄级＞Ⅱ龄级＞Ⅰ龄级;阴生叶的净光合速率日变化除Ⅰ龄级为单峰曲线外,其他3个龄级的为双峰曲线;最大净光合速率值随着林木龄级的增加,表现出先增加后有所降低的趋势,Ⅲ龄级的最大净光合速率值最大;相同年龄不同叶龄的净光合速率值基本上为当年生叶＞1年生叶＞2年生叶.阳生叶的净光合速率与环境因子中的光照强度、温度、室中CO2浓度、空气相对湿度具有极显著的相关性,而阴生叶只与光照强度呈极显著的正相关性,与空气相对湿度成极显著的负相关. 相似文献
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通过对自然条件下蔷薇科珍贵观赏树种紫叶矮樱、日本晚樱、白鹃梅等光合及水分指标分析,结果表明：这3个树种的净光合速率日变化呈明显的双峰曲线,但峰值出现的时间不一致：3种树种随着光合有效辐射值、叶表面温度、进气CO2浓度的增加,净光合速率也随之增加;日本晚樱蒸腾速率变化呈双峰曲线,与它的净光合速率变化一致。紫叶矮樱和白鹃梅的蒸腾速率与净光合速率在中午12．00之前的变化趋势是一致的,但在12：00之后,两种树种的蒸腾速率与净光合速率的变化趋势各异;同时蒸腾速率、叶片温度、光合有效辐射及进气CO2浓度等生理生态因子对净光合速率存在不同程度的影响。 相似文献
11.
对珊瑚树离体叶片光合，蒸腾特性研究结果表明，珊瑚树叶片离体的短时间内（2h），在供水情况下，一年生叶净光合速率有一定程度的下降，二年生叶则几乎没有下降，两种叶片蒸腾速率基本不变，而不供水叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率为化很大。在低温，黑暗，供水条件下，可延长离体叶片生理活性的保存时间，但至12h，各种光合参数发生了较大的变化。 相似文献
12.
对楸树、灰楸、滇楸3个树种1年生嫁接苗的净光合速率、叶面积和比叶重的垂直变化进行了测定,以探讨光合速率与苗木生长的关系。结果表明,楸树、灰楸、滇楸的净光合速率、叶面积和比叶重的垂直变化趋势基本相似,但树种之间的波动幅度上存在着差异,灰楸的总体光合速率较低,滇楸前期叶面积增加速度明显大于楸树和灰楸,而后期下降趋势明显低于楸树和灰楸,且下部叶片能维持较高的光合速率,最末叶序的比叶重都比刚展叶时的比叶重高。苗高生长量与除比叶重外的4个指标呈极显著正相关,光合指标与5个指标都呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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Variations in leaf nitrogen concentration per unit mass (Nm) and per unit area (Na), mass-to-area ratio (Ma), total nonstructural carbohydrates (Ta), and photosynthetic capacity (maximum carboxylation rate, electron transport capacity, rate of phosphate release in triose phosphate utilization and dark respiration rate) were studied within the digitized crowns of two 3-year-old mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) on La Réunion Island. Additional measurements of Nm, Na, Ma, Ta and photosynthetic capacities were performed on young, fully expanded leaves of 11-year-old mango trees. Leaves of similar gap fractions were taken far from and close to developing fruits. Unlike Nm, both Na and Ta were linearly correlated to gap fraction. Similar relationships were found for all leaves whatever their age and origin, except for Ta, for which we found a significant tree effect. Photosynthetic capacity was nonlinearly correlated to Na, and a unique relationship was obtained for all types of leaves. Photosynthetic acclimation to light was mainly driven by changes in Ma, but allocation of total leaf N between the different photosynthetic functions also played a substantial role in acclimation to the lowest irradiances. Leaves close to developing fruits exhibited a higher photosynthetic capacity than other leaves, but similar Ta. Our data suggest that Ta does not control photosynthetic capacity in mango leaves. We used the data to parameterize a biochemically based model of photosynthesis and an empirical stomatal conductance model, allowing accurate predictions of net photosynthesis of leaves in field-grown mango trees. 相似文献
16.
In the temperate zone of Japan, Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. bears needles of up to three age classes in the upper crown and up to five age classes in the lower crown. To elucidate the effects of leaf age on photosynthetic parameters and its relationships with leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen (N(l)) concentration on an area (N(a)) and mass (N(m)) basis, we measured seasonal variations in LMA, N(l), light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A(max)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), maximum rate of carboxylation (V(cmax)) and maximum rate of electron transport (J(max)) in leaves of all age classes in the upper and lower crown. Leaf mass per unit area increased by 27% with increasing leaf age in the lower crown, but LMA did not depend on age in the upper crown. Leaf age had a significant effect on N(m) but not on N(a) in both crown positions, indicating that decreases in N(m) resulted from dilution. Photosynthetic parameters decreased significantly with leaf age in the lower crown (39% for A(max) and 43% for V(cmax)), but the effect of leaf age was not as great in the upper crown, although these parameters exhibited seasonal variation in both crown positions. Regression analysis indicated a close relationship between LMA and N(a), regardless of age class or when each age class was pooled (r(2) = 0.57-0.86). Relationships between LMA and N(a) and among A(max), V(cmax) and J(max) were weak or not significant when all age classes were examined by regression analysis. However, compared with older leaves, relationships among LMA, N(a) and A(max) were stronger in younger leaves. These results indicate that changes in LMA and N(l) mainly reflect light acclimation during leaf development, but they are only slightly affected by irradiance in mature leaves. In conclusion, LMA and N(l) are useful parameters for estimating photosynthetic capacity, but age-related effects need to be taken into account, especially in evergreen conifers. 相似文献
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The physiological basis of photosynthesis during winter was investigated in saplings of five evergreen broad-leaved species (Camellia japonica L., Cleyera japonica Thunb., Photinia glabra (Thunb.) Maxim., Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky and Quercus glauca Thunb.) co-occurring under deciduous canopy trees in a temperate forest. We focused on temperature dependence of photosynthetic rate and capacity as important physiological parameters that determine light-saturated rates of net photosynthesis at low temperatures during winter. Under controlled temperature conditions, maximum rates of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylation and electron transport (Vcmax) and Jmax, respectively) increased exponentially with increasing leaf temperature. The temperature dependence of photosynthetic rate did not differ among species. In the field, photosynthetic capacity, determined as Vcmax and Jmax at a common temperature of 25 degrees C (Vcmax(25) and Jmax(25)), increased until autumn and then decreased in species-specific patterns. Values of Vcmax(25) and Jmax(25) differed among species during winter. There was a positive correlation of Vcmax(25) with area-based nitrogen concentration among leaves during winter in Camellia and Photinia. Interspecific differences in Vcmax(25) were responsible for interspecific differences in light-saturated rates of net photosynthesis during winter. 相似文献
18.
油茶不同叶龄叶片形态与光合参数的测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨油茶叶片形态特征、光合特性与叶龄的相关性,从而为油茶的生产经营提供理论参考,利用CI-203叶面积分析仪和LI-6400便携式光合仪测定了油茶新梢不同叶龄叶片的形态特征和光合参数。结果表明:油茶叶面积和叶片鲜质量,从第1到第3位叶逐渐变大,又从第3到第7位叶逐渐减小;叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率均随着叶龄的增大而增大;叶龄与蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈极显著正相关,而与胞间CO2浓度呈极显著负相关;叶片比叶面积与胞间CO2浓度间呈极显著正相关,而与净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度间均呈极显著负相关;叶片干物质含量比值与其净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率间均呈极显著负相关;叶片生长20 d,叶面积等形态特征基本发育完全,经过60 d的生长后,基本成为主要功能叶。 相似文献
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In the tropical canopy tree, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f., upper-canopy leaves (UL) develop under sunlit conditions but are subjected to self-shading within the crown as they age. In contrast, lower-canopy leaves (LL) are exposed to uniform dim light conditions throughout their life span. By comparing leaf morphology and physiology of UL and LL, variations in leaf characteristics were related to leaf age and self-shading. Mass-based chlorophyll (chl) concentration and the chlorophyll/nitrogen (chl/N) ratio were lower and the chl a/b ratio was higher in UL than in LL. In UL, the chl/N ratio gradually increased and the chl a/b ratio gradually decreased with leaf aging, whereas these ratios remained unchanged with leaf age in LL. The effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (DeltaF/F(m)') at a given irradiance remained unchanged with leaf age in LL, whereas DeltaF/F(m)' changed with leaf age in UL. These data indicate N reallocation within the leaves from carbon fixation components to light harvesting components and a dynamic regulation of photochemical processes of PSII in response to increased self-shading of UL. Despite the difference in light environment with leaf age between UL and LL, maximum photosynthetic rates and nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with leaf aging in both UL and LL. Constancy in the chl/N ratio with leaf age in LL indicated that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity was caused by effects other than shading, such as leaf aging. We conclude that N reallocation and acclimation of PSII to self-shading occurred even in mature leaves, whereas the change in photosynthetic capacity with leaf age was more conservative. 相似文献
20.
Kitao Mitsutoshi Agathokleous Evgenios Harayama Hisanori Kitaoka Satoshi Uemura Akira Yazaki Kenichi Tobita Hiroyuki 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(4):699-712
Improving drought tolerance of container seedlings of Japanese larch is of high importance to afforestation. We hypothesized that adequate nitrogen (N) and limited water supply would increase the tolerance of container seedlings to water-deficit stress, circumventing photoinhibition, by means of (i) enhanced photosynthetic capacity with higher leaf N and (ii) decreased water loss from leaves with lower biomass allocation into aboveground parts. Container seedlings of Japanese larch were grown under the treatment combinations of adequate (+?N: 300 mg N container?1) or limited (??N: 150 mg N container?1) N and adequate (+?W: daily irrigation) or limited (??W: twice-a-week irrigation) water. Then, seedlings were subjected to a progressive drought treatment. Higher leaf N was observed in container seedlings grown under?+?N and???W. During progressive drought, lower stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were observed in leaves with higher leaf N at a given predawn leaf water potential. Furthermore, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was lower in leaves with higher leaf N, suggesting that higher leaf N might impair intrinsic tolerance to drought at the leaf level contrary to expectations. Conversely,???N and???W seedlings with lower shoot biomass delayed soil drying as a whole-plant response via a reduction in leaf transpiration, leading to delayed photoinhibition as indicated by a decline in Fv/Fm. To circumvent stress at the initial stage of water deficit, lower leaf N via limited N regime and smaller shoot biomass driven by limited N and water regimes would be important.
相似文献