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1.
构建了两个含西红柿原系统素基因的双元载体pNAR304（UbiI5’+Prosystemin+NOS3’）和pNAR305 (UbiI5’+Prosystemin+NOS3’+ PinⅡ5’+PinⅡ+PinⅡ3’)，并用农杆菌介导方法将其转入水稻品种秀水63、合江19和日本晴。经潮霉素抗性、PCR和Southern blot确证，共获得转基因水稻14株。Northern blot检测表明，原系统素基因(Prosystemin)和马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂基因(PinⅡ)在这些转基因植株中都能转录表达。然而，植株的二化螟和褐飞虱抗虫性鉴定表明：单独转入Prosystemin（pNAR304）不能提高转基因水稻的抗虫能力；Prosystemin和PinⅡ双价（pNAR305）转基因植株能明显提高水稻的抗虫性，但其抗性水平与PinⅡ单个基因的转基因水稻植株间并无显著差异。 这表明，Prosystemin基因转入水稻并不能有效调节转基因水稻PinII基因的表达量。据此试验结果推测，水稻中可能不存在类似于西红柿系统素的信号途径，很可能水稻的伤害信号转导是经由与双子叶植物系统素体系不同的其它途径来实现的。 相似文献
2.
为研究LRR-RLKs亚家族基因RLK6(AT2G26730)在拟南芥生长发育过程中的作用,本研究构建了植物过表达载体p Super1300-RLK6,获得5个过表达突变体,其中2个独立株系(OE8,OE9)用于表型分析。通过对野生型(WT)、RLK6基因缺失突变体(rlk6-2、rlk6-3和rlk6-6)、过表达株系OE8和OE9生长发育过程的详细观察和分析发现,RLK6基因缺失突变体在整个生长发育过程中的表型与WT差异不明显,而过表达株系OE8和OE9比WT开花早。此外,利用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测各基因型植株中开花相关基因的表达情况,结果表明,相对于WT,OE8和OE9中的开花促进基因CO、SOC1和LFY的表达量显著升高,而开花抑制基因FLC的表达量显著下降。研究结果说明RLK6过表达促进了拟南芥的开花,这为后续深入研究RLK6的作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
油菜素内酯(brassinosteroid,BR)是调控植物生长发育的重要的激素之一。为明确BR在调控水稻(Oryza sativa)细胞发育过程中的作用,本研究以不同浓度外源BR处理的水稻愈伤组织、悬浮系和内源BR信号增强的BR突变体Os BZR1-OE为材料,对BR处理后水稻愈伤组织的体积和细胞分布状况、单个悬浮细胞的形状和大小、Os BZR1-OE转基因水稻的细胞进行了观察,并对细胞分裂关键基因的表达量、对细胞分裂具有重要作用的细胞骨架蛋白(F-actin)的积累进行了分析。结果表明,低浓度(1×10-10 mol/L)BR处理的愈伤组织块体积(1.03 cm3)大于对照(0.73 cm3),但高浓度BR(1×10-6 mol/L)处理的愈伤组织块的体积(0.27 cm3)明显小于对照;从细胞核的分布也能印证上述结果,低浓度BR处理后的愈伤组织细胞核排列疏松,表明细胞体积较大,即1×10-10 mol/L BR促进了水稻愈伤组织细胞体积的增加,高浓度BR处理后的愈伤组织细胞核密度大,表明细胞体积较小,即1×10-6 mol/L BR抑制了水稻愈伤组织细胞体积的增加;低浓度BR促进水稻悬浮系单个细胞的伸长,而高浓度的BR抑制悬浮系细胞的伸长;内源BR信号增强的突变体Os BZR1-OE下胚轴细胞明显短于野生型水稻下胚轴细胞;本研究通过碘化丙碇(propidium iodide,PI)和异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate isomerⅠ,FITC)-鬼笔环肽染色对悬浮系细胞的形态和微丝细胞骨架进行观察,发现BR处理可促进水稻悬浮系细胞和微丝骨架的分裂,高浓度BR对细胞分裂的促进效果更明显;双向电泳结果表明,BR处理可促进微丝骨架蛋白的表达;RT-PCR结果表明,BR可增加促进有丝分裂的CDC48(cell division cycle protein 48)和能缩短细胞周期的CYCD2(cyclin D2)基因的表达。上述结果表明,低浓度BR促进水稻细胞的伸长,高浓度BR抑制水稻细胞的伸长,BR促进微丝骨架F-actin的积累,通过促进有丝分裂基因CDC48和缩短细胞周期的因CYCD2的表达而调控水稻细胞的分裂。本研究为BR在作物控高抗倒伏方面的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
植物同源结构域(PHD)-finger家族转录因子OsPHD1的过量表达可提高水稻的耐逆性能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
OsPHDl基因属于水稻(Oryza sativa)植物同源结构域(PHD)-finger转录因子基因家族.逆境(干旱、高盐和低温)处理下,水稻内源基因OsPHDl的表达量明显升高.利用农杆菌介导法将OsPHDl基因转入水稻(Oryza sativa ssp.jap onica)中花11,获得OsPHDl的过表达植株.耐逆性实验表明,过表达OsPHDl基因使转基因株系对低温(4～8℃)、高盐(200mmol/L)和干旱胁迫(相对含水量70%～95%)的耐受性分别提高43.3%、60%和25%,且在T2中获得稳定遗传.同时转基因水稻在其他性状与对照无明显差异.在洋葱(Allium cepa)表皮亚细胞定位实验中OsPHDl与GFP的融合蛋白定位于细胞核中,qRT-PCR结果表明,OsPHDl蛋白可能通过调节胁迫反应基因的表达来调节植物的抗逆性.研究结果提示,OsPHDl基因在水稻抗逆育种上有重要的应用前景. 相似文献
5.
DELLA蛋白在植物中的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
DELLA蛋白是GRAS蛋白家族中的一个亚家族,在赤霉素(gibberellin,GA)信号转导通路中起负调控作用.DELLA不仅参与了GA信号转导,也参与其他激素如生长素、脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、乙烯、茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)等信号转导和生物合成,在植物生长发育过程中扮演了重要角色.本文综述了DELLA蛋白编码基因的克隆、表达情况,并阐述了DELLA蛋白参与的激素信号转导和与其他因子的互作,以便更好地揭示DELLA信号网络系统及其作用机制. 相似文献
6.
拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中含有脂/固醇结合的相关脂转移蛋白结构域(steroidogenic acute regulatory related lipid transfer,START)的膜相关蛋白(START domain containing-membrane related protein,STMP),STMP是START保守域(第84～295位)功能未知的蛋白质,由440个氨基酸组成、具有跨膜片段、属于磷脂酰胆碱转运蛋白.为明确STMP在拟南芥发育调控过程中的作用,深入了解拟南芥发育调控的分子机理,本研究用35S强启动子启动START结构域,构建START结构域的过表达载体,利用农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)侵染花序法把STMP的过表达载体转入野生型拟南芥,获得过表达STMP的转基因拟南芥,并用qRT-PCR技术进行验证;分析转基因拟南芥分枝发育状况,明确STMP在拟南芥分枝调控过程中的作用;用qRT-PCR技术分析STMP的时空表达特性;构建STMP和绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)的融合蛋白载体,把此载体转入野生型拟南芥中,对转基因拟南芥中GFP进行荧光观察,从而对STMP进行亚细胞定位.本研究获得了过表达STMP的转基因株系;过表达STMP的转基因拟南芥分枝比野生型明显增多,突变体stmp的分枝减少;STMP的时空表达特性分析表明,茎中STMP的表达量最高,STMP定位在细胞质膜和细胞质中.结果表明STMP可以促进拟南芥的分枝发育,本研究对完善拟南芥分枝调控机制具有重要的意义,可以为植物株型的定向设计提供理论依据. 相似文献
7.
胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliv.）是典型的抗旱耐盐树种,广泛用于干旱盐碱地带的造林绿化。本实验室前期研究结果表明,盐胁迫下胡杨腺苷三磷酸双磷酸水解酶（Apyrase）基因（PeAPY）的转录水平上调,表明该基因可能在胡杨的抗盐性功能上发挥作用。已有研究证明APY是水解eATP的关键酶,而eATP是植物细胞重要的信使分子,调控植物的生长发育及抗性反应。本研究以PeAPY过表达拟南芥株系、拟南芥apy1、apy2突变体和野生型拟南芥为实验材料,分析了胡杨PeAPY对植物抗旱和耐盐能力的影响。研究结果表明,PeAPY1和PeAPY2转基因株系的抗旱性明显提高,这可能与PeAPY1和PeAPY2过表达减少了叶片表皮的气孔密度,降低了叶片的失水速率,从而提高了植株的保水能力有关。此外,我们还发现PeAPY1和PeAPY2转基因株系耐盐能力有所提高：在盐胁迫条件下,过表达PeAPY1和PeAPY2转基因植物的种子萌发率和生长、成活率均明显高于突变体apy1、apy2和野生型拟南芥（NaCl处理的浓度分别为0,50 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L,200 mmol/L）。这可能是由于盐处理条件下,PeAPY通过降低盐诱导的eATP浓度,阻止了eATP诱导的细胞凋亡。综上所述,胡杨PeAPY的过表达能够提高植物对盐胁迫、干旱胁迫的耐受性,PeAPY对eATP浓度调控及其对植物抗逆性的具体机制有待进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
植物钾离子转运蛋白中的Na~+不敏感性KUP/HAK/KT转运蛋白对植物耐盐胁迫起着重要作用。为了阐明钾离子转运蛋白基因AsKUP1在燕麦中响应盐胁迫的表达模式和鉴定其生物学功能,从燕麦中克隆了AsKUP1,利用RACE方法获得AsKUP1全长序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析;构建了pCAMBIA1301-AsKUP1植物过表达载体,转化拟南芥,并运用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析AsKUP1在拟南芥中的表达情况。结果表明,AsKUP1全长2 951bp,包含2 334bp的ORF序列,预测编码777个氨基酸,等电点为8.55,分子量为87.0k D。序列分析表明,AsKUP1与山羊草和小麦KUP/HAK/KT家族亲缘关系较近,预测该蛋白有14个疏水跨膜结构域,位于细胞质膜的概率较大。此外,盐胁迫下,T2转基因种子萌发率为57%,野生型为43%;经潮霉素筛选分离比为3∶1的2个转基因株系后代T3转基因株系根长分别是野生型的1.46倍和1.34倍,T3转基因植株鲜重、干重分别是野生型的1.56倍和1.44倍,Na~+含量无显著差异,而K~+含量为野生型的1.25倍,说明AsKUP1的表达提高了拟南芥植株的耐盐性。本研究结果为揭示钾离子转运蛋白家族基因AsKUP1在植物中的耐盐机制和通过转基因技术提高植物耐盐能力奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
转基因水稻中ThEn-42基因的稳定遗传及其抗病性的提高* 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用农杆菌介导法将CaMV35S启动子调控下的外源基因ThEn-42转入粳稻(Oryza sativa ssp．japonica)品种台北309中。对100多株再生植株进行了PCR鉴定，结果表明，90％以上的植株为阳性植株。Southern检测的结果进一步证实，外源基因已经整合到水稻基因组中。对T1代植株也进行了PCR鉴定和潮霉素抗性鉴定，结果表明，大约70％的T1代转基因株系符合3：1(阳性：阴性)的分离比，表明ThEn-42基因在这些株系中有单个插入位点；大约20％的T1代株系分离比符合15：1，表明这些株系含有2个整合位点。选择部分T1代潮霉素抗性植株进行Southern杂交鉴定，结果证实，外源基因已经稳定遗传给T1代。检测了T0代和T1代转基因植株对水稻纹枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)和两个分别属于A群和B群的稻瘟病(Magnapotthe grisea)小种的抗性，结果表明，30%株系表现了对这两种病害抗性水平不同程度的提高。有7个株系的抗性与对照相比有显著的提高，其中Tp64表现对两个稻瘟病小种完全免疫。这些结果表明内切几丁质酶基因ThEn-42已经在受体植物中准确表达，并且在提高水稻抗病性方面起了重要作用。 相似文献
10.
为探索外源基因在成年树木中的表达及稳定性,以转Ri质粒6年生三倍体毛白杨成年树木为材料,以同时种植的未转基因三倍体毛白杨为对照植株,对21个转基因株系和对照植株进行外源基因检测和生长、生理特性测定。PCR检测结果证明,Ri质粒T-DNA上的tms、rolC基因在各转基因株系基因组中稳定存在。转基因株系生长受到不同程度影响,各转基因株系的叶柄长、叶片长、叶片宽度和叶面积均小于对照植株,叶片长宽比大于对照植株;71%的转基因株系树高低于对照植株;81%的转基因株系胸径低于对照植株。转基因株系叶绿素a和叶绿素a+b含量、Fv/Fm值、PI值均低于对照植株。81%的转基因株系叶片内源GA3含量及所有株系叶片的内源IAA含量和IAA/ABA比值均高于对照植株,而86%转基因株系叶片的内源ABA含量低于对照植株。T-DNA能够在三倍体毛白杨成年树木中稳定表达,使植物体内内源IAA和GA3含量提高,生长受到抑制,但不同株系存在较大差异。本研究结果为进一步研究外源基因在植物体内的表达调控机制提供了参考依据。 相似文献
11.
Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Zhu N Huang TC Yu Y LaVoie EJ Yang CS Ho CT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):979-981
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins. 相似文献
12.
Roy A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):5209-5210
Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative. 相似文献
13.
W R Dantzer J Hopper K Mullin S Hendrich P A Murphy 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(10):4291-4296
14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form. 相似文献
14.
15.
Nouri Hassan John D. Murimboh Chuni L. Chakrabarti 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,193(1-4):131-146
The competing ligand exchange method was used to investigate the competitive binding of Ni(II) by Al(III) and Fe(III) in model aqueous solutions and freshwaters. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry were used to monitor the rate of uptake of the Ni by Chelex 100 chelating resin and dimethylglyoxime as the competing ligands, respectively. The results have revealed that Ni(II)–humate complexes were more labile in presence of the mixture of Al(III) and Fe(III), compared to the lability of the Ni(II)–humate complexes when only one of the two, Al(III) or Fe(III), was present. The environmental significance of this work is that in model solutions simulating freshwater containing humic substances and the target trace metal Ni(II) and cations, Al(III) and Fe(III), the competitive binding of Ni(II), Al(III) and Fe(III) by humic substances makes Ni(II)–humate complexes labile, releasing free Ni2+–aqua complex, which reported to be toxic. 相似文献
16.
The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO2, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg?1 with 2 × 10?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na+ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered. 相似文献
17.
Flowers of maize, Zea mays, and reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea, contain the same anthocyanins: cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-(6' '-malonylglucoside), cyanidin 3-(3' ',6' '-dimalonylglucoside), peonidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-(6' '-malonylglucoside), and peonidin 3-(dimalonylglucoside). The latter pigment has previously not been reported to occur in plants. Structure elucidations were primarily based on homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR and electrospray MS. During the isolation procedure using various mixtures of H(2)O, CF(3)CO(2)H, and CH(3)OH, and during storage in NMR solvent (CF(3)CO(2)D/CD(3)OD; 1:19, v/v) methyl esterification of the free acid function of the malonyl units of the pigments occurs. The acylated anthocyanins constitute more than 80% and 40% of the anthocyanins in P. arundinacea and Z. mays, respectively. Flowers and leaves of maize, Zea mays, contain the same anthocyanins in nearly equal relative proportions. 相似文献
18.
采用批处理法研究了锑/磷(Sb/P)在膨润土和高岭土上的竞争吸附等温线和动力学,并考察了pH的影响。结果表明:Sb和P吸附符合Langmuir或Freundlich方程(R~2=0.945 0~0.998 3,P0.000 1),存在极强的竞争吸附:P共存时Sb吸附容量(Q_(max))显著降低,分别从0.86和10.21 mmol/kg(先Sb后P)降低到0.64和2.61 mmol/kg(先P后Sb);Sb共存时P吸附亲合性(K)明显降低,分别从1.47和7.47 L/mmol(先P后Sb)降低到0.68和2.34 L/mmol(先Sb后P)。Sb和P的吸附总体随pH升高而降低,但相比高岭土,膨润土上的吸附受pH影响更大,意味着高岭土有更多配位吸附、膨润土有更多电性吸附。准二级动力学方程很好地拟合它们的竞争吸附(R~20.994,P0.000 1),并且在Sb/P共存下,膨润土对P吸附弱而慢(q_e=0.36 mmol/kg,,k_2=0.064 6 kg/(mmol·min))、对Sb吸附虽弱但快(q_e=0.19 mmol/kg,k_2=0.076 9 kg/(mmol·min));高岭土对P吸附强更快(q_e=0.66 mmol/kg,k_2=0.591 kg/(mmol·min))、对Sb吸附虽强但慢[q_e=0.39 mmol/kg,k_2=0.052 4 kg/(mmol·min)]。因此,Sb对P吸附的抑制在膨润土上更明显(主要是静电吸附竞争),P对Sb吸附的抑制则在高岭土上更突出(主要是配位吸附竞争)。 相似文献
19.