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1.
N W Dyer D F Krogh R DeVold S L Wilson D G White 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2000,12(2):177-179
An adult Chinese red panda (Ailurus fulgens styani) transported by airplane from Florida to a North Dakota zoo died 1 week after arrival. Grossly, an interscapular abscess, subcutaneous inflammation, lymphadenitis, and pulmonary abscesses were observed. Microscopic findings included necrotizing inflammation in liver, lung, lymph node, and spleen. Chromobacterium violaceum was cultured from the interscapular abscess, liver, lung, and spleen and was injected into Swiss Webster mice. These mice died 18 hours postinoculation, and C. violaceum was cultured from liver, lung, and spleen. Chromobacterium violaceum is a sporadically reported but highly virulent pathogenic bacterium of both animals and humans typically found as a soil and water inhabitant of tropical and subtropical regions. 相似文献
2.
Fourteen cases of dermatophytosis were identified from medical records of red pandas (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) housed at the Knoxville Zoo between 1980 and 1996. The median age of affected animals on initial presentation was 8.5 wk (3 wk-11 mo). Clinical signs included crusting, purulent exudate, alopecia, thickening of affected skin, ulceration, and necrosis. Seven animals had mild lesions with signs restricted to crusting and/or alopecia, and six animals had more severe infections, with ulceration, skin necrosis, and purulent exudate. Five of the severely affected pandas had tail involvement. The severity of disease affecting one individual was not recorded. Dermatophytosis was confirmed by culture, cytology, histopathology, or culture followed by histopathology. Microsporum gypseum was the only fungal organism cultured. Six animals were treated for mild disease, and all clinical signs resolved. Partial tail amputation was required as part of the treatment regimen for two of the six severely affected animals, and two others had ulcerated tail lesions that left circumferential scarring after resolution of infection. Itraconazole (5 mg/kg p.o. q 12-24 hr) was the most frequently used systemic antifungal agent in animals with severe lesions. All fungal infections resolved, although one panda died from unrelated causes early in the treatment period. 相似文献
3.
Johanna R. Frank Felicia B. Nutter rew E. Kyles Clarke E. Atkins Ranee K. Sellon DVM Phd 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(3):189-194
Systemic arterial dirofilariasis is an unusual manifestation of heartworm disease of dogs that results from aberrant migration of Dirofilaria immitis into the peripheral arterial circulation. To expand the clinical characterization of systemic arterial dirofilariasis, 5 dogs evaluated at the North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed. Common clinical presentations included hindlimb lameness, paresthesia of hindlimbs, and interdigital ischemic necrosis resulting from thromboembolic disease. Visualization of heartworms with angiography or ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. All 5 dogs were treated with an adulticide; 3 dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide sodium and 2 with melarsomine dihydrochloride. Four of the 5 dogs survived the initial treatment period; 1 dog died of severe thromboembolic complications after thiacetarsamide sodium therapy. The treatment of systemic arterial dirofilariasis creates a therapeutic challenge because of multiple potential complications resulting from thromboembolic disease. 相似文献
4.
Hettlich BF Ryan K Bergman RL Marks SL Lewis BC Bahr A Coates JR Mansell J Barton CL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(10):1456-61, 1434
Melarsomine dihydrochloride is highly effective against both sexes of adult and L5 Dirofilaria immitis. Common adverse reactions include injection site irritation and reluctance to move. Neurologic complications associated with i.m. injection of melarsomine dihydrochloride for treatment of heartworm disease in 3 dogs are described. Different degrees of neurologic complications have been identified; the pathophysiologic features are unknown. It is speculated that the compound migrates out of the injection site via fascial planes and causes an ascending inflammation along nerve roots. The resulting extradural cord compression secondary to extensive inflammation and necrosis of epidural fat could induce a variety of neurologic deficits. Alternatively, inappropriate injection technique may result in direct contact of melarsomine with neural tissue. A heightened awareness of proper injection technique might prevent the development of most neurologic complications. 相似文献
5.
María Delclaux Covadonga Talavera Manuel López Jose Miguel Sánchez María Isabel García 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2002,33(3):283-285
A 17-mo-old captive-born female red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) presented with a sudden onset of lameness in its left hind leg was diagnosed radiographically as having possible severe, bilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease with fracture of the great trochanter of the left femur. Surgical repair of the fracture was performed using pins and a tension band wire through a lateral approach to the hip. This is the first case reported at Madrid Zoo-Aquarium, where 63 individuals have been bred over 15 yr. 相似文献
6.
Kramer L Grandi G Passeri B Gianelli P Genchi M Dzimianski MT Supakorndej P Mansour AM Supakorndej N McCall SD McCall JW 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(4):357-360
Adulticide therapy in heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis)-infected dogs can lead to thromboembolism, which can seriously compromise post-treatment health status. Lung pathology following adulticide therapy was evaluated in three groups of experimentally infected dogs. Group 1 was treated with doxycycline at 20 mg/kg per os once daily for 30 days post infection followed by an intramuscular injection of melarsomine dihydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg) at Week 12, followed 1 month later by two injections 24 h apart. Group 2 was treated as described for Group 1, with the addition of ivermectin at 6 mcg/kg given monthly per os for 24 weeks post-infection. Group 3 received melarsomine alone, as described above. All dogs were necropsied at Week 24 and lung pathology was evaluated. Lesion criteria included perivascular inflammation and endothelial proliferation. Lesions were scored by two independent pathologists who were blinded as to treatment. Results indicate that doxycycline treatment alone or combined with ivermectin had lower lesion scores than lungs from dogs who had received melarsomine alone. Dogs that received the combined doxycycline/ivermectin protocol and treated with adulticide showed less severe arterial lesions and the virtual absence of thrombi. 相似文献
7.
J Langan D Bemis S Harbo C Pollock J Schumacher 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2000,31(4):558-562
A debilitated 9-yr-old female red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) with a recent history of corticosteroid administration displayed anorexia, depression, and diarrhea for 2 days. Blood work revealed a moderate nonregenerative anemia, leukocytosis, hypokalemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Serology was negative for occult heartworm, Toxoplasma gondii, feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency virus, and canine distemper virus. Electron microscopy of the feces demonstrated corona-like virus particles. The panda died 3 days after initial presentation. Histologic findings included multifocal, acute, hepatic necrosis and diffuse, necrotizing colitis. Liver and colon lesions contained intracellular, curved, spore-forming, gram-negative, silver-positive rods morphologically consistent with Clostridium piliforme. This panda most likely contracted Tyzzer's disease subsequent to having a compromised immune system after corticosteroid administration and concurrent disease. 相似文献
8.
Three adult female North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) demonstrated severe anesthetic complications shortly after being immobilized for dental procedures. Two of the animals died shortly after anesthesia, and the third otter died 2 mo after immobilization. All three animals were diagnosed with pulmonary silicosis on the basis of histopathology, polarized light microscopy, and mass spectrometry. One animal also had primary pulmonary bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Significant concurrent disease was not found in other organs. Analysis of the lung tissue by laser microbe mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of an aluminum silicate in the lung tissue associated with insulation material used in nest box construction. 相似文献
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11.
M E Tocidlowski L H Spelman P W Sumner M K Stoskopf 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2000,31(4):484-490
Blood samples were obtained from 155 North American river otters (Lontra canadensis; 94 adult males, 38 adult females, 10 juvenile males, and 13 juvenile females) to establish baseline hematology and from 50 adult river otters (40 males and 10 females) for baseline serum biochemistry parameters for the species. The otters were livetrapped from eastern North Carolina (USA) during a 4-yr period. Data for 14 routine hematologic parameters and 22 serum chemistry assays showed significant differences in total leukocyte count and absolute neutrophil and monocyte numbers for adults versus juveniles, red blood cell counts and hemoglobin between adult and juvenile males, and calcium and alkaline phosphatase values for adult males between years of the study and an increase in leukocyte counts and absolute neutrophils with increased degree of trap injury sustained. 相似文献
12.
Clinical and laboratory observations in 91 dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis in northern Greece
Polizopoulou ZS Koutinas AF Saridomichelakis MN Patsikas MN Leontidis LS Roubies NA Desiris AK 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(16):466-469
The medical records of 91 dogs with heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection were reviewed, and diagnoses were established by using parasitological and immunological methods. Twenty-one animals were asymptomatic (stage I), 57 had mild to moderate clinical signs (stage II), and 13 had the severe form of the disease including right congestive heart failure and the caval syndrome (stage III). Thoracic radiography revealed right ventricular enlargement in 38 of the dogs, pulmonary vascular enlargement in 43, and parenchymal lesions in 27. Only the cardiac and vascular changes were correlated positively with the clinical stages. D. immitis microfilaraemia was detected in 75 of 85 dogs. Occult infection occurred only in eight stage II and two stage III dogs. Thirty-two of the dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide and 39 were treated with melarsomine, and no differences were found in terms of drug efficacy or complication rate; nine stage II dogs suffered pulmonary thromboembolism and one suffered acute liver disease and there were six fatalities. The 50 treated dogs in stages II and III which were followed up for six months all recovered completely. The performance of 38 of 61 working dogs was completely restored, and the performance of another four was partially restored. 相似文献
13.
Published anatomic studies of North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) include only comparative reviews of single anatomic systems, but this paper includes multiple clinically relevant anatomic features. Both captive and free-ranging North American river otters were studied by gross dissection of nine specimens, radiography of 18 live otters, and physical examination of 170 otters. Body fat in North American river otters is stored primarily subcutaneously at the base of the tail and in the axillae, so lack of visceral detail on abdominal radiographs is due to a lack of coelomic fat. The heart and great vessels are oriented as in the dog. The cardiac radiographic silhouette measures three intercostal spaces laterally between the fourth and sixth ribs and 4-4.5 intercostal spaces between the seventh through 11th ribs on the ventrodorsal projection. Subjective estimation of age by evaluation of tooth wear is confirmed by histologic examination of cementum annuli. Structures of the feet were imaged by high-resolution mammographic technique. The adult thymus was prominent, but the gland was small in the one juvenile animal studied. The spleen was unexpectedly large but consistent with findings in European otters (Lutra lutra). As in other otters and mammals, kidneys are reniculated. 相似文献
14.
Kramer L Grandi G Leoni M Passeri B McCall J Genchi C Mortarino M Bazzocchi C 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,158(3):191-195
Since the definitive identification in 1995 of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia that resides in different tissues of the filarial worm Dirofilaria immitis, there has been increasing interest to understand whether and what role it plays in the pathogenesis of and immune response to heartworm infection. The present study evaluated the effects of treatments on lung pathology in 20 beagle dogs experimentally infected with D. immitis. Dogs in Group 1 were treated with doxycycline (10 mg/kg/day) orally from weeks 0-6, 10-12, 16-18, 22-26, and 28-34. Dogs in Group 2 served as infected, non-treated controls. Dogs in Group 3 were given doxycycline as described for Group 1 combined with weekly oral doses of ivermectin (6 mcg/kg) for 34 weeks and intramuscular (IM) melarsomine (2.5 mg/kg) at week 24, followed by two additional melarsomine injections 24h apart 1 month later. Group 4 received only melarsomine as described for Group 3. Lung lesion criteria, scored by two independent blinded pathologists, included perivascular inflammation and endothelial proliferation. Doxycycline treatment alone had no effect on lesion scores, whereas the combination of doxycycline and ivermectin resulted in less severe perivascular inflammation. All lungs were evaluated for positive immunostaining for the Wolbachia surface protein (WSP). Control dogs showed numerous thrombi, intense perivascular and interstitial inflammation and, occasionally, positive staining for WSP. Interestingly, dogs receiving doxycycline/ivermectin/melarsomine showed significantly less severe arterial lesions and the virtual absence of thrombi. 相似文献
15.
J M Donahoe S K Kneller R E Lewis 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1976,168(5):413-417
Hematologic and radiographic findings in 15 domestic cats inoculated with 25, 100, or 200 to 400 infective larvae of Dirofilaria immitis and in 5 uninoculated cats were compared. Eosinophilia and leukocytosis developed 3 to 5 months after inoculation; packed cell volume and hemoglobin values were similar for inoculated cats and controls. Changes detected in radiographs of inoculated cats were: (1) increased visualization of the pulmonary arteries; (2) right-side cardiac enlargement; and (3) diffuse to focal areas of density in the pulmonary parenchyma. At least one of these lesions was visible radiographically by 3 to 7 months after inoculation in all 15 cats. The severity of changes was not directly proportional to the number of infective larvae inoculated, adult worm burden, or age of cat. However, male cats had more severe cardiopulmonary lesions than did females, and cats that had microfilaremia during the course of infection had more severe pulmonary lesions, as determined radiographically. Parenchymal densities decreased in 8 of the 15 inoculated cats 6 to 14 months after inoculation. Cardiac enlargement was detected radiographically in 10 of the inoculated cats. Enlargement of the pulmonary arteries was the most consistent sign of D immitis infection; it developed and persisted in 12 cats found to be infected at necropsy. 相似文献
16.
The aquatic North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), a charismatic nonendangered mustelid, presently occupies a greatly reduced range. The species is common in zoos and has economic value as a furbearer. At least 17 states and one Canadian province have undertaken recent reintroduction programs. Nevertheless, little has been published on nonparasitic diseases of river otters, and little is known of the clinical significance of most of their parasitic infections. Records of environmental contaminant-related diseases and traumatic injuries in free-ranging North American river otters are also rare. This paper reviews present knowledge of North American river otter diseases, especially those with the greatest potential for impacting reintroduction programs. 相似文献
17.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of naturally acquired heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection on myocardial fluid balance as indicated by myocardial water content and the dynamics of transepicardial fluid flow. ANIMALS: 7 dogs infected with adult heartworms and 8 dogs free of heartworm infection. PROCEDURES: Infected dogs had heartworms in the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, or both but no evidence of cardiovascular disease on physical examination. A hemispheric capsule was attached to the epicardial surface of all dogs for determination of transepicardial fluid dynamics and permeability of the epicardium to water and protein. Myocardial water content and hydroxyproline content were assessed at necropsy. RESULTS: Myocardial water content was significantly lower in heartworm-infected dogs. No differences in myocardial hydroxyproline content, transepicardial fluid flow, or epicardial water or protein permeability were detected. Conclusions and CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Heartworm infection significantly altered myocardial fluid balance in dogs, possibly because of a change in the myocardial interstitial pressure-volume relationship. These changes may be associated with increased vulnerability to cardiovascular stressors in heartworm-infected dogs. 相似文献
18.
J Guerrero B P Campbell Seibert K M Newcomb B F Michael J W McCall 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(12):2405-2406
A formulation of flubendazole was studied to determine the activity against developing stages of Dirofilaria immitis in artificially infected pups. Flubendazole suspension was administered subcutaneously at a dose rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight once a day for 1, 3, or 5 consecutive days at various times during the experimental period. The pups were necropsied 6 months after the experimental infection, and the heart and pulmonary arteries were examined for adult worms. Optimal activity was obtained when flubendazole suspension was administered subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days, either 1 or 2 months after infection. The formation of encapsulated deposits, containing white viscous fluid, was observed at the injection sites of all treated pups. 相似文献
19.
Argentina is one of the four South American countries where the presence of Dirofilaria immitis is currently confirmed. The objective of this study was to review information on dirofilariasis in the country, and to report our recent findings on mosquito vectors. Since the first report of dogs with unidentified microfilariae in 1926, D. immitis was found in seven provinces and canine prevalence ranged 0-71% at local scale. National prevalence was 8% by the end of the 1980s and current information is available only for Buenos Aires Province. Four pulmonary human infections of D. immitis and one subcutaneous of Dirofilaria sp. were documented. The common coati was the only wild host found, and natural infection in mosquitoes was not previously reported in the country. In our recent mosquito survey in Greater Buenos Aires, we captured and dissected 2380 mosquitoes belonging to 20 species. According to a minimum temperature of 14 degrees C, the potential transmission period (PTP) for D. immitis in Buenos Aires covers 6 months, and the most favourable period (mean temperature above 20 degrees C) takes place from the middle of November to the beginning of April. To identify potential vectors of the parasite, we assessed weekly abundances of mosquito species during those PTP estimated previously. We found two specimens of Culex pipiens and one of Aedes aegypti carrying non-infective stages of D. immitis. These two highly anthropophilic mosquitoes may enhance the role of D. immitis as zoonotic agent in temperate Argentina. 相似文献
20.
Dirofilaria immitis antigens were demonstrated in the pulmonary tissues of dogs, with natural and experimental infection (D. immitis) in dogs using an immunostaining colloidal gold technique. Electron microscopy of thin sections treated with anti-heartworm serum revealed antigen deposition within the pulmonary microvasculatur and perivascular areas. 相似文献