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超声辅助提取对竹纤维结构和机械性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文章以超声波辅助提取竹纤维,研究超声波处理以及超声波处理方式（前超声和后超声）对低试剂量条件下提取竹纤维结构和热性能的影响。结果表明：超声波处理应用于低试剂量竹纤维提取,可降低竹纤维胶质含量,改善竹纤维细度和细度均匀性。用后超声辅助提取竹纤维,竹纤维胶质含量可降低13.2%,纤维直径由489±247 μm降至224±52 μm,平均直径降低率达54.2%。超声辅助提取对竹纤维机械性能有一定程度的影响,对竹纤维拉伸强度略有降低,拉伸模量下降明显,断裂伸长率略有提高,机械强度均匀性增加;后超声辅助提取较前超声辅助提取对竹纤维的机械性能降低程度小。经提取工艺,竹纤维结晶度增加,但超声辅助提取竹纤维结晶度又略有下降,未超声竹纤维结晶度为56.50%,后超声竹纤维结晶度为55.89%,前超声竹纤维结晶度为56.25%;傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,竹纤维化学结构变化主要由纤维提取工艺引起,超声处理对纤维结构影响不明显;通过电镜观察,经纤维提取工艺,原竹材结构中被胶质包覆的单纤维形态暴露,单丝状明显,超声辅助提取增加了纤维表面粗糙度,后超声辅助提取单丝分散性增强;总体上,超声辅助提取可促进低试剂量条件下的长竹纤维提取,对纤维细度有明显改善效果,但对纤维结构和机械性能影响不大。 相似文献
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竹纤维--一种纺织新材料 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
竹纤维是一种新型的绿色环保纤维,它具有良好的服用性能,是一种有着广泛应用前景的纺织纤维,该文介绍了竹纤维的种类、结构特点以及竹纤维织物的一些特性. 相似文献
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竹纤维与其它天然纤维素纤维的红外光谱分析与比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过测定竹、棉、麻、木的纤维素纤维的红外吸收光谱,并利用红外光谱仪数据处理软件设定标峰灵敏度,研究多种纤维素纤维光谱的细微差异,分析各天然纤维素纤维的结构差别,及碱对天然纤维素纤维结构的影响。研究发现棉、麻、木纤维在1 110 cm-1处红外吸收都强于竹纤维,在993 cm-1处的吸收峰弱于竹纤维;经NaOH溶液处理后,各纤维的红外谱图均发生细微变化。从中揭示出各天然纤维晶格有一定的差异,并认为竹纤维的非结晶区含量较多,这是引起竹纤维吸湿性、凉爽性比棉好的原因。 相似文献
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《林业工程学报》2016,(6)
天然植物纤维替代合成纤维应用已广受关注。竹纤维具有资源广泛、质量小、比强度和比模量高等优点,用作复合材料的增强材料具有多方面优势。分别采用梳理、辊压/平压联合梳理多种分丝方法提取竹纤维,研究了分丝方法对竹纤维提取及机械性能的影响。结果表明:提取出的较好竹纤维主要由原竹材维管束上的纤维束组成,直径集中分布于007~020 mm;采用多级分丝方法可有效降低纤维细度,提高纤维分离度和均匀性,但也可能加大纤维内部缺陷。辊压与梳理联合分丝提取竹纤维具有较高的机械性能,辊压梳理工艺提取的竹纤维平均拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和拉伸模量分别为(479±175)MPa,(195±071)%和(331±125)GPa。采用二参威布尔模型对竹纤维机械性能分析可知,分丝方法对竹纤维拉伸强度和拉伸模量的威布尔形状参数有一定影响,辊压梳理及辊压二次梳理所得竹纤维的拉伸强度威布尔形状参数低于其他分丝方法,二次梳理所得竹纤维的拉伸模量威布尔形状参数高于一次梳理。 相似文献
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采用硝酸+氯酸钾、双氧水+冰醋酸、次氯酸钠和氢氧化钠四种化学处理方法及超声和无超声两种处理条件对慈竹(Neosinocalamus affinis)进行分离得到竹纤维,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和傅立叶变换拉曼光谱(FT-Raman)定性研究不同方法制取竹纤维的化学成分变化、分离过程中超声波处理对竹纤维化学成分的影响.结果表明:四种处理方法对纤维素的影响不明显；硝酸+氯酸钾、次氯酸钠和氢氧化钠制取的竹纤维中都含有木质素,但含量不同,双氧水+冰醋酸制取的竹纤维几乎不含木质素；四种处理方法都降解了半纤维素,但降解程度不同.在纤维分离过程中,超声处理能够缩短纤维分离时间,提高纤维分离效率,同时对纤维化学成分影响不明显. 相似文献
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对几种不同仿生螺旋结构竹纤维束的纵向拉伸性能进行测试分析,结果表明:平行均布、单螺旋、双螺旋A、双螺旋B型竹纤维束的拉伸强度分别为11.5、51.7、52.2和56.1 MPa;螺旋结构能够消除纤维束中的强度薄弱点,改善纤维束中各根纤维的结合,同时纤维束各层螺旋角的逐渐变化也有利于拉伸强度的提高。单螺旋、双螺旋A、双螺旋B型竹纤维束的拉伸弹性模量分别为9 659、5 265和4 291 MPa,单螺旋竹纤维束的拉伸弹性模量优于双螺旋竹纤维束。宏观仿生螺旋结构提高了竹束的拉伸强度,却降低了弹性模量。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献