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鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究 总被引：94，自引：6，他引：94
鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢肝脏蛋白酶活性低于肠蛋白酶。肠蛋白酶活性，鳜鱼最高，其余依次为青鱼、鲤、鲢、草鱼、鲫。鳜鱼、鲢的肠蛋白酶活性由前肠向后肠递减；而青鱼、鲤、草鱼的则由前肠向后肠递增；鲫则中肠活性最低。六种鱼不同组织的脂肪酶活性因鱼而异。青鱼、鳜鱼、鲤、鲢肝脏中脂肪酶活性低于肠脂肪酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而草鱼和鲫肝脏中脂肪酶活性与肠脂肪酶活性差异不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。六种鱼肝脏中脂肪酶活性由高到低依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲫＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲤；肠脂肪酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲢＞青鱼＞鲤＞草鱼＞鲫。脂肪酶活性与鱼类食性无明显相关性。不同组织间淀粉酶活性存在差异。鳜鱼的肝脏和肠均有较高淀粉酶活性，青鱼和鲫肝脏中淀粉酶活性低于肠中的；草鱼、鲤和鲢肝脏中淀粉酶活性高于肠中的，但差异不显著。六种鱼中鳜鱼的肝脏淀粉酶活性明显高于其它五种无胃鱼，它们的淀粉酶活性顺序依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲤＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲫；肠淀粉酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲫＞鲤＞青鱼＞鲢＞草鱼。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法研究了鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼亲鱼消化道消化酶的种类;用比色法及滴定法分别测其消化酶相对活性。结果表明：鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼4种鱼消化道的蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性与食性有明显的相关性。其中,蛋白酶活性依次为鲤〉鲢〉鳙〉草鱼;淀粉酶活性依次为草鱼〉鲤〉鳙〉鲢。脂肪酶活性与食性的关系不明显。四种鱼消化酶的表达与消化道的组织结构特征相一致,消化道前2／5部位（G1、G2）的消化酶活性最高,是无胃鱼消化道的主要消化场所。消化道中央部位（G3）的消化酶活性次之,能将未消化完全的食糜进一步消化,而消化道后段（G4、G5）消化酶活性最低。可见,消化酶活性及消化功能呈递减形式,食物在消化道中随着消化、吸收,逐渐排出体外。本研究为鲤、鲢、草鱼、鳙4种鱼的营养生理学、高效饲料配比的研制及种质资源的科学管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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九孔鲍性腺发育过程中消化酶活力的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用酶学方法研究了性腺发育过程中九孔鲍肝胰腺和消化道中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的变化。试验结果表明,雌、雄九孔鲍各消化酶活力均随着性腺发育呈先升后降的变化趋势。在性腺发育早期和晚期酶活力较低,在性腺发育中期酶活力显著升高,且均在成熟前期达到最高值。九孔鲍繁殖期各消化酶的活力分布存在器官特异性和性别差异,九孔鲍的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力在各性腺发育期均表现为肝胰腺消化道,雌鲍雄鲍。同种消化器官内各消化酶的活力也存在差异,雌、雄九孔鲍繁殖期肝胰腺和消化道内各消化酶的最大活力均为:纤维素酶淀粉酶蛋白酶。 相似文献
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草鱼和银鲫肠道产消化酶细菌的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
检测了分别从草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)肠道中分离的180株细菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的产酶能力。结果显示,两种鱼肠道内可分泌胞外消化酶的细菌包括Aero-monas(气单胞菌属,Aer.)、Vibrio(弧菌属,Vib.)、Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属,Bac.)、Pseudomonas(假单胞菌属,Pse.)四个种属的细菌,Aer.在其中占主要优势,45.71%的Aer.可分泌胞外消化酶。草鱼可分泌上述四种胞外消化酶的菌株共有33株,占肠道菌总数的36.67%;银鲫43株,占47.78%。产酶菌的分布上,草鱼中肠内产消化酶细菌数量显著多于前肠和后肠(P<0.05),前、中、后肠分别是6株、20株和7株;银鲫中肠和后肠数量差异不显著,前肠分布最少。草鱼分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的菌株分别有21株(23.33%)、10株(11.11%)、30株(33.33%)和16株(17.78%)。银鲫肠道内未检测到可分泌纤维素酶的细菌,蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶菌株的数量分别是21株、37株和17株。可见鱼类肠道细菌对食饵消化有重要作用。 相似文献
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对主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)池塘中4种鱼类消化器官的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性与鱼体长、体重及主要水质指标的相关性进行了研究。结果显示,草鱼肠道和肝胰脏的胃蛋白酶与水温具有显著正相关(P<0.05),而草鱼肠道胰蛋白酶、肠道和肝胰脏的脂肪酶以及鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)肝胰脏中淀粉酶与水温呈负相关(P>0.05)。4种鱼的消化酶活性与总氮和总磷呈正相关。匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)的脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性与化学耗氧量呈负相关;除鲢外,其他3种鱼的胃蛋白酶活性均与水体硬度和碱度呈正相关,而胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均与水体硬度和碱度呈负相关。草鱼和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)肠道胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶以及匙吻鲟消化道和肝脏胰蛋白酶与鱼的体长、体重均具有显著的正相关。 相似文献
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选用典型的淡水肉食性鱼类青鱼(Mylopharyngodonpiceus)和草食性鱼类草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)为对象进行糖耐量初步实验。青鱼和草鱼的体重分别为(63±3)g和(46±2)g,在实验室适应4周后禁食24h,以高剂量(H)1.67g/(kg体重)和低剂量(L)0.42g/(kg体重)灌喂葡萄糖,比较研究其代谢反应。结果显示,2种鱼灌喂不同剂量葡萄糖后都出现持久的高血糖,青鱼血糖含量高于灌喂相同剂量的草鱼,灌喂剂量越高,血糖含量越高。草鱼组及青鱼L组在灌喂葡萄糖后血浆总氨基酸和甘油三酯先降后升,但青鱼H组口服葡萄糖后血浆总氨基酸和甘油三酯先升高。青鱼H组和草鱼H组在灌喂葡萄糖后最初1h和2h肝糖原含量分别下降至2.62%和5.46%。实验结果提示,青鱼糖耐量比草鱼低;高糖负荷后两种鱼的内分泌调节规律可能不同;较高葡萄糖负荷还引起应激反应,应激反应的强弱可能与糖耐量大小呈反比,与负荷剂量呈正比。 相似文献
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以相同环境条件下饲养2个月的黄鳝(Monopterus albus)为试验对象,以酶学方法研究3种规格[(143.81±36.27)g、(76.63 ±14.43)g、(31.35 ±5.82)g]黄鳝的肝脏、前肠、后肠蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性以及消化酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶)在肝脏、前肠、后肠中的活性分布.结果表明,黄鳝蛋白酶活性从高到低依次为前肠＞后肠＞肝脏;淀粉酶活性从高到低依次为后肠＞前肠＞肝脏;脂肪酶活性从高到低依次为后肠＞前肠＞肝脏;随着黄鳝体重的增加,肠道蛋白酶活性逐渐升高,而肝脏蛋白酶活性变化不明显;后肠、肝脏淀粉酶活性随着黄鳝体重的增加而升高,而前肠淀粉酶活性降低;黄鳝脂肪酶活性有随着规格变大先升高、后降低的趋势,以中规格黄鳝消化组织的脂肪酶活性最高. 相似文献
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盐度对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶活力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了盐度对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶活力的影响.将施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii Brandt)幼鱼[初始体长(24.95±1.89)cm,初始体质量(117.80±16.72)g]分别在淡水(盐度0)、盐度10、盐度25条件下饲养10 d,检测不同盐度下施氏鲟幼鱼消化器官(幽门盲囊、瓣肠、十二指肠、胃和肝脏)蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力.结果表明:(1)在相同盐度条件下,不同消化器官中同种消化酶活力高低顺序不同.在不同消化器官中蛋白酶活力(淡水和盐度25时)及淀粉酶活力(淡水时)由大到小依次为幽门盲囊、瓣肠、十二指肠、胃和肝脏;蛋白酶活力(盐度10时)及淀粉酶活力(盐度10和25时)由大到小依次为瓣肠、幽门盲囊、十二指肠、胃和肝脏;在淡水和盐度10时脂肪酶活力由大到小依次为瓣肠、十二指肠、胃、肝脏和幽门盲囊:在盐度25时脂肪酶活力由大到小依次为瓣肠、十二指肠、肝脏、胃和幽门盲囊.(2)同种消化器官中不同盐度条件下同种消化酶的活力不同.幽门盲囊、十二指肠、胃和肝脏中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力均在淡水中最高(P<0.05),盐度25中最低,说明盐度对以上消化器官中3种消化酶均具有抑制作用;瓣肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力均在盐度10下最高(P<0.05),说明一定的盐度对瓣肠中3种酶具有激活作用,但盐度过高则会抑制这些酶的活性. 相似文献
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在水温(22±2)℃条件下,将平均体质量约为100 g的健康草鱼、花鲈、鲫鱼在50 mg/L的间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐(MS-222)药液中浸泡,分别于药浴0.5、1、2、3、7 h和10 h时取样测定肌肉、肝(胰)脏、血液中MS-222的残留量,10 h后将试验鱼置于清洁水中,分别于0.5、1、2、4、6、8、16、32、96、120、192、264、336、432、528、624、720 h时再测定肌肉、肝(胰)脏、血液中MS-222的残留量。结果显示,MS-222在草鱼、花鲈、鲫鱼的血液、肌肉、肝(胰)脏中残留分别在3、3、7 h达到峰值,随后略下降;MS-222在草鱼血液、肌肉、肝胰脏组织中的消除半衰期分别为5.4、6.7、7.9 h;在花鲈血液、肌肉、肝脏组织中的消除半衰期分别为3.9、5.1、5.7 h;在鲫鱼血液、肌肉、肝胰脏组织中的消除半衰期分别为 4.8 、6.3、8.4 h。MS-222在3种鱼类肝(胰)脏、肌肉、血液中的消除速率均为 V肝(胰)脏相似文献
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Ontogenic development of enzymatic activity and digestive system in Jullien's golden carp (Probarbus jullieni Sauvage, 1880) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ubonrat Limtipsuntorn Wikrom Rungsin Karun Thongprajukaew Wiwihthanon Boonyung Wannapa Rangsin 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3362-3373
Ontogenic development of the main enzymes and histological structure of digestive organs were studied in Jullien's golden carp (Probarbus jullieni) from hatching until 50 days after hatching (DAH). The larval fish were produced by artificial insemination and fed only Moina sp. till end of experiment. Body weight (mg) and total length (cm) of Jullien's golden carp increased exponentially and linearly. The results indicate the fish weight grew fast with increasing rate, while length increased at a constant rate over the studied period. Up‐regulation of acid protease was observed in newly hatched larvae and the specific activity gradually decreased with time. Trypsin specific activity was relatively stable within the first 35 DAH, while fluctuations in chymotrypsin were observed. Among these three proteolytic enzymes, acid proteases exihibited relatively high specific activity in newly hatched larvae, suggesting a role in yolk protein degradation. Alkaline proteases became more prominent with age and correlated with an abrupt decrease in acid proteases. Increased lipase‐specific activity appeared within 3 DAH and then gradually decreased with time, indicating the capacity to digest yolk lipid reserve. Amylase and cellulase‐specific activities changed in a similar manner, and the sensitivity to time was higher in amylase than in cellulase. The digestive organs and accessory organs developed around 3–5 DAH. However, intestinal histology was almost fully developed around 18 DAH. These findings should be useful for deciding the preferred timing for weaning, as well as on developing artificial diets referenced to the physiological changes of digestive enzymes. 相似文献
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Liwei Liu Yuliang Luo Xu‐Fang Liang Weimin Wang Junjie Wu Jing Pan 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(1):56-65
Two 8‐wk studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral phytase supplementation on hemato‐biochemical status, liver biochemical parameter, and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with different levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The control diet was prepared with 2% MCP but without phytase (P2.0). The other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% MCP, respectively, when supplemented with 500 U/kg neutral phytase in each diet and designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5, respectively. The results indicated that the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as the albumin (ALB) content were increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and gibel carp (P > 0.05) fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. Meanwhile, the serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and total protein contents of the two species of fish were increased in comparison to the control. In addition, dietary phytase inclusion did not significantly affect hepatic ALP, ALT, and AST activities in the two species of carp fed with different levels of MCP. Amylase activity increased in foregut and hindgut of both species when fed with the phytase‐supplemented diets while lipase activity was reduced in the foregut and hindgut in both fish. This study suggests that neutral phytase supplementation increases serum ALP, ALT, and AST activities but does not notably affect these enzyme activities in the liver of the two species of carp when fed different levels of MCP. On the other hand, amylase activity increased while lipase activity was reduced in the intestine of the species of carp fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. 相似文献
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As an ecologically sustainable aquaculture mode, the rice‐fish approach has been paid more attention in recent years. In rice paddies, there are plant and animal diet items available to fish, but it is not clear how common carp adapt to different diets. In view of this, common carp (initial weight 492.6 ± 30 g, n = 270) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with earthworms (group A), earthworms + duckweed (group M) and duckweed (group P) respectively. After 8 weeks under these feeding regimes, the intestinal digestive enzymes activities were assayed, and intestinal tissue sections stained with HE and AB‐PAS were used to observe the morphology. The results showed that the activities of trypsin and lipase were highest in group A, followed by group M and group P. Group A had greater intestinal fold height, fold width and fold absorption area than the other groups (p < .05), especially in the foregut. Meanwhile, the total number of mucous cells was largest in group P, followed by the groups M and A. Totally, activities and distributions of digestive enzymes, fold height, fold width, fold absorption area and number and distribution of mucous cells of common carp were affected by the type of diet. Based on these results, it was found that common carp has strong adaptability to diets, and it was speculated that the majority of digestion and absorption of protein was concentrated in the foregut, while for starch and cellulose, it was spread out along the whole intestine. 相似文献
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The nutritional function of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides for omnivorous gibel carp and carnivorous Chinese longsnout catfish were investigated and the ability of these two species to utilize carbohydrates was compared. For each species, triplicate groups of fish were assigned to each of five groups of isoenergetic and isonitrogenous experimental diets with different carbohydrate sources: glucose, sucrose, dextrin, soluble starch (acid‐modified starch) and α‐cellulose. The carbohydrates were included at 60 g kg?1 in Chinese longsnout catfish diets and at 200 g kg?1 in gibel carp diets. A growth trial was carried out in a recirculation system at 27.8 ± 1.9 °C for 8 weeks. The results showed that fish with different food habits showed difference in the utilization of carbohydrate sources. For gibel carp, better specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) were observed in fish fed diets containing soluble starch and cellulose, but for Chinese longsnout catfish, better SGR and FE were observed in fish fed diets containing dextrin and sucrose. Apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter (ADCd) and apparent digestibility coefficient of energy (ADCe) were significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate sources in gibel carp. ADCd and ADCe significantly decreased as dietary carbohydrate complexity increased in Chinese longsnout catfish except that glucose diet had medium ADCd and ADCe. In both species, no significant difference of apparent digestibility coefficient of protein was observed between different carbohydrate sources. Dietary carbohydrate sources significantly affected body composition, and liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) activities also varied according to dietary carbohydrate complexity. Fish with different food habits showed different abilities to synthesize liver glycogen, and the liver glycogen content in gibel carp was significantly higher than in Chinese longsnout catfish. The influence of carbohydrate source on gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis was also different in the two fish species. 相似文献
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The digestive enzymes (proteases, carbohydrases and lipases) present along the alimentary tract of juveniles and adults of Diplodus puntazzo were studied. The data obtained showed a different distribution of the enzymatic activities in the different parts of the alimentary tract. Levels of enzymatic activity in the adults were higher than those measured in juveniles, suggesting that adults have a greater ability to digest larger pieces of food. The enzymatic pattern of D. puntazzo justifies its omnivorous habit and suggests an high potential for digesting vegetable polysaccharides. The results of this study suggest the need to adapt the diet to the digestive potential of this new farming species, thus contributing to the attainment of a product that is qualitatively more similar to the wild one. 相似文献
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Effect of substitution of dietary fish meal by soybean meal on different sizes of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio): digestive enzyme gene expressions and activities,and intestinal and hepatic histology 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A 7‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on digestive enzyme activity of intestinal mucosa, mRNA levels of digestive enzymes in hepatopancreas, and the mid‐intestinal and hepatopancreas histology of gibel carp CAS III (Carassius auratus gibelio). Four different growth phases of gibel carp (initial body weight: fry, 0.8 g; juvenile, 5.0 g; 1‐year‐old, 62.7 g; and broodstock, 135.6 g) were tested. Seven isonitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets were formulated to contain different SBM replacement levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of dietary fish meal protein), and another diet (SBMAA) contained all SBM protein and supplied crystalline amino acids. The results showed that the activities of mid‐intestine trypsin, α‐amylase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase reduced with increased dietary SBM, while the chymotrypsin activity increased first and then decreased. The ultrastructures of intestinal epithelial cells and hepatopancreas cells in fry and broodstock fish were distinctly affected by 200 g kg‐1 dietary SBM. Supplementation of dietary amino acid to the highest replacement groups was not sufficient to improve digestive and absorptive capacities and growth performance. Gibel carp may be adapted to dietary SBM through increase in gene expression of hepatopancreas digestive enzymes and has potential to utilize proceeded SBM as feedstuffs. 相似文献
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Sen-Shyong Jeng Jeng-Yeng Yau Yen-Hua Chen Tzu-Yung Lin Yueh-Ying Chung 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):421-428
ABSTRACT: The distribution of zinc (Zn) concentration in the blood and erythrocytes of common carp, grass carp, silver carp and tilapia was studied. It was found that in whole blood, the average Zn concentrations in these four species of fish (approx. 6–14 μg/[ml whole blood]) were relatively similar to those in other species of fish and mammals. However, the mean Zn concentration in the erythrocytes of common carp is approximately two times higher than the other three species of fish (approx. 5 vs approx. 2 μg/[ml whole blood]). It was found that approximately 70% of the Zn in the common carp whole blood came from its erythrocytes. In addition, approximately 43% of the Zn in the erythrocytes of common carp was found to be located on its outer plasma membranes. When an antibody against a 43 kDa Zn-binding protein, isolated from the digestive tract tissue of common carp, was used, significant quantities of the protein were shown to be present on the erythrocyte plasma membranes of common carp by an indirect immunofluorescent staining. High Zn on the outer plasma membrane of the common carp erythrocyte most probably comes from the 43 kDa Zn-binding protein. 相似文献