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1.
N. N. Miroshnichenko 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(5):542-549
Regularities governing the self-purification of soils from oil hydrocarbons, as well as migration of hydrocarbons, and the effect on the water-physical properties and fertility of soils were revealed in a series of experiments. A system of ecological, economic, and reclamation standards was proposed for regulating economic activities in the case of soil contamination with hydrocarbons. 相似文献
2.
The background contents of hydrocarbons (HCs) in soils of the far-northern and northern taiga of the Komi Republic were assessed.
It was found that the soils of accumulative landscapes are enriched with HCs in comparison with the soils of eluvial landscapes.
The differentiation of the HCs among the soil genetic horizons is more pronounced in the soils developed on loamy parent rocks
(gley-podzolic and bog-podzolic soils) and less pronounced in the soils developed on sands (podzols and humus-illuvial bog-podzolic
soils). The organic, litter, and illuvial horizons serve as a geochemical barrier in the pathway of the HC migration within
the soil profile. A database for the mass fractions of HCs in the soils was created using GIS technologies, and a sketch map
of the HC distribution in the soils was developed on its basis. The results obtained for the back-ground content of HCs are
used for assessing the contamination of soils with oil and oil products and for gaining ecological expertise in the development
of regional deposits of natural resources (raw hydrocarbons). 相似文献
3.
S. Ya. Trofimov A. D. Fokin E. I. Dorofeeva I. A. Salpagarova Yu. P. Kosheleva A. N. Rudenko E. S. Vasil’konov O. S. Uzkikh 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2008,63(1):32-36
A model experiment was performed to study the effect of soil contamination with oil on the growth of wheat plants. Neither significant downward migration of oil or oil components, including the most mobile aromatic hydrocarbons, in a column with leached chernozem nor removal of these compounds from the column were observed when the initial oil concentration was below 0.75%. These data confirmed the previous results that oil at a concentration of 0.3% had no negative effect on the growth of wheat. The synergetic effect of oil, soluble salts, and exchangeable sodium should be taken into account in the determination of maximum permissible residual oil content in soils. 相似文献
4.
Data on the distribution of the components of oil products that have accumulated in the arctic tundra soils of the Bol’shoi Lyakhovskii Island (the Novosibirskie Islands) under the impact of technogenic loads are analyzed. The examined soils differ in the vertical and lateral distribution patterns of the methanenaphthenic and naphthenic hydrocarbons and in the degree of their transformation. This is determined by the position of particular soils in the catenas and by the sorption of particular hydrocarbon compounds in the soils. The portion of light molecular-weight hydrocarbons in the upper horizons decreases by two-ten times in comparison with the deeper soil layers. In the lateral direction, the twofold difference in the contents of the methane-naphthenic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in the upper horizons is seen. The degree of transformation of the hydrocarbons under the impact of microbiological processes depends on the aeration conditions, the depth of permafrost table, the composition of oil products, and the soil organic matter content. 相似文献
5.
Natural factors ensuring soil tolerance toward pollution with technogenic hydrocarbons, particularly, oil products and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are considered. The maps of the self-purification capacity of the soils of Russia and its particular humid and arid regions with respect to their contamination with technogenic hydrocarbons are analyzed. The principles lying in the basis of these maps are discussed. It is argued that the cartographic assessment of soil tolerance toward pollution with technogenic hydrocarbons is necessary for setting the values of maximum permissible concentrations of hydrocarbons in soils, for the choice of adequate soil rehabilitation procedures, and for the organization of soil monitoring. 相似文献
6.
Yu. I. Pikovskiy M. A. Smirnova R. G. Kovach T. A. Puzanova A. V. Khlynina N. I. Khlynina 《Eurasian Soil Science》2016,49(3):294-304
Bituminous substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils under karst rocks have been studied for revealing fluxes of oil and oil products in karst cavities near the earth’s surface (with the Polaznenskii Peninsula in Perm region as an example). It has been found that the hydrocarbon fluxes from underground oil lenses to the surface can be directly detected from the nonspecific organic components of soils and the composition of free gases circulating in soils. Changes in the soil-geochemical parameters indicative of the presence of an underground oil lens have been revealed. It has been shown that the hydrocarbon fluxes from underground oil lenses to the surface can be mapped from nonspecific organic soil components: composition and amount of bituminous substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and gaseous hydrocarbons. 相似文献
7.
石油污染土壤中芳烃降解菌及邻苯二酚2,3双加氧酶的克隆 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
石油污染土壤中的芳烃降解菌是进行土壤修复的主要生物资源,本研究对某炼油厂附近土壤中的芳烃降解菌及邻苯二酚2,3双加氧酶基因进行了研究。结果表明,部分石油烃污染土壤中存在着大量的芳烃降解菌;对其中一个土壤样本中的邻苯二酚2,3双加氧酶基因进行克隆,获得了7个不同的邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因序列,序列分析表明这些基因可能来源于土壤中的假单胞菌,且该基因在土壤中的丰度与污染水平及芳烃降解菌的数量相关。可见,土壤中芳烃降解菌数量及降解基因的丰度和多样性,可以对石油污染土壤的生物修复进行监控并为生物修复提供丰富的微生物资源。 相似文献
8.
The article is dedicated to analyzing the content and distribution of oil hydrocarbons, benz(a)pyrene, and heavy metals in
the soils of the southern part of Sakhalin Island. The investigations were conducted in 2003–2010. A dynamical increase in
the content of ecotoxicants in soils has been shown. The similar character of the accumulation of oil hydrocarbons, benz(a)pyrene,
and heavy metals in the soils has been determined and indicates the possibility of the aerial transmission of pollutants from
existing nearby sources. 相似文献
9.
E.?I.?Kovaleva A.?S.?Yakovlev M.?G.?Nikolaenko A.?O.?Makarov A.?A.?Makarov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(3):350-358
The ecological status of oil-contaminated soils of Sakhalin and their background analogues has been evaluated with the use of soil invertebrates. The survival rates of Enchytraeus albidus in soils with different textures and the contents of organic carbon and nutrients have been compared. The indicative role of soil mesofauna (Enchytraeus albidus) for the ecological evaluation of oil-contaminated soils with due account for their properties has been shown. The permissible residual concentration of oil hydrocarbons in some soils of Sakhalin—acid brown forest soils (Umbrisols), high-moor peat soils (Histosols), acid meadow alluvial soils (Fluvisols), cultivated meadow soddy soils (Anthrosols), and mucky-podzolic surface-gleyed soils (Gleysols)— has been determined from data on the response of Enchytraeus albidus to different levels of the soil contamination with oil hydrocarbons. 相似文献
10.
The vertical and lateral microvariability of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in technogenic soils is considered in this work. An autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis of the TPH along a transect in the lateral direction is carried out. Statistical parameters of TPH for various industrial sites, oil spills, and natural exits are described and the normal or lognormal law of distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in technogenic soils is confirmed. The percentage of the total spatial variability of TPH contributed by hierarchical sampling levels (10 cm, 0.25 ha, and 20 km2) is estimated. Planning the volumes of the samples that are necessary for an assessment of the average level of pollution in soils for separate sites and the entire territory of the oil field is carried out. 相似文献
11.
Influence of contamination of selected, pesticid effective hydrocarbons on their uptake by carrots in a pot experiment Exemplary soils from low up to higher grades of contamination with selected pesticid effective hydrocarbons (CHC) were used in a pot experiment on the uptake of these xenobiotica by carrot plants. Carrots are able to take up pesticid effective chlorinated hydrocarbons which was expected because of their oil cells and the lipophilic character of the examined substances. There is a correspondingly higher plant uptake from soils with a higher load of pollutants as from soils with a lower grade of contamination. Despite the high concentrations of beta- and alpha-HCH in the plants from the site Muldenaue (mg/kg dm] the total uptake per pot was relatively small (below 2 mg/pot). The transferfactors soil/plant show in all plant parts no enrichment of organochlorpesticides (foliage 0.021 < carrot body 0.156 < fine roots 0.975). 相似文献
12.
A. N. Gennadiev Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya Yu. I. Pikovskii M. A. Smirnova 《Eurasian Soil Science》2018,51(1):32-41
Studies of soils on three key plots with different climatic conditions and technogenic impacts in Volgograd, Moscow, and Arkhangelsk oblasts have showed that alkanes in the soil exchange complex have some indication potential for the identification of soil processes. The following combinations of soil-forming factors and processes have been studied: (a) self-purification of soil after oil pollution; (b) accumulation of hydrocarbons coming from the atmosphere to soils of different land use patterns; and (c) changes in the soil hydrocarbon complex beyond the zone of technogenic impact due to the input of free hydrocarbon-containing gases. At the injection input of hydrocarbon pollutants, changes in the composition and proportions of alkanes allow tracing the degradation trend of pollutants in the soil from their initial content to the final stage of soil self-purification, when the background concentrations of hydrocarbons are reached. Upon atmospheric deposition of hydrocarbons onto the soil, from the composition and mass distribution of alkanes, conclusions can be drawn about the effect of toxicants on biogeochemical processes in the soil, including their manifestation under different land uses. Composition analysis of soil alkanes in natural landscapes can reveal signs of hydrocarbon emanation fluxes in soils. The indication potentials of alkanes in combination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other components of soil hydrocarbon complex can also be used for the solution of other soil-geochemical problems. 相似文献
13.
Measurements taken for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), total organic carbon (TOC) and trace metals [vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)] in 40 soil samples are used to delineate oil contamination levels and state of oil penetration in soils heavily contaminated with oil lakes in Al-Ahmadi and Burgan oil fields. All soil horizons in Al-Ahmadi profile contain very high concentrations of TPHs down to the depth interval 80–95 cm. In contrast, TPH contaminations are restricted to the upper 50 cm layer in the Burgan profiles, then drop sharply to natural background levels in subsequent soil horizons. A strong and positive relationship exists between the high TOC and TPH contents of the two profiles. The two soil profiles contain contaminations of V and Ni as well as high concentrations of Cd and Pb. Possible sources of these metals are oil contaminants from the lakes and/or deposited airborne oil fallouts. V/Ni ratios of the surface tar sludge and the soil horizons in the two profiles cannot be used in identifying terrestrial oil spills or as indicators of oil contamination in Kuwaiti soils. 相似文献
14.
Global climate changes can lead to the destruction of the permafrost zone and contribute to the active transfer of pollutants to natural waters. This can be especially pronounced in the areas of oil and gas production in the Arctic. This study aimed to define the landscape components (i.e., groundwater, soil water, soil, and indicator plant species) of chemical pollution with metals, oil hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from the discharge of drill cuttings. Studies at two sites in the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia (Russia) were carried out within two years of pollution. Pollutant migration was found in peaty-gley heavy loamy soils and iron-illuvial clayey podburs, but lateral migration of different pollutants did not exceed 200 m. Additionally, radial migration was practically absent owing to the high buffering capacity of the soil organic horizon and the upward flow of matter in the seasonal melt layer. The main indicators of drilling waste pollution were high concentrations of Sr, Ba, petroleum hydrocarbons, and Cl- ions. At the waste disposal sites, the concentration of Ba and Sr in the soil water were 1 150 and 1 410 μg L-1, respectively; in groundwater, they reached 721 and 2 360 μg L-1, respectively. In the soil, Ba and Sr accumulated in the peaty horizon (798 and 706 mg kg-1, respectively). The concentration of Cl- ions in the soil water at the site of waste discharge was 1 912 mg L-1, and at a distance of 200 m, it decreased to 77.4 mg L-1. The Cl- concentration in the groundwater was lower, and at a distance of 200 m, it was 38.9 mg L-1. The highest concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the surface layer was found in the peaty-gley soils (up to 2 400 mg kg-1). In glandular-illuvial podburs, it was 420 mg kg-1. In horizons BH and BC, it was close to the background values (27 and 33 mg kg-1, respectively). Alkalinization of soils and water under the influence of drill cuttings led to the death of oligotrophic and acidophilic vegetation at a distance of up to 50 m, and to the restructuring of the species and spatial structure of plant communities up to 100 m. 相似文献
15.
Hydrocarbon contamination of soils under the impact of several pollution sources is discussed. The contribution of particular pollutants to the total contamination has been estimated with the help of different analytical methods. The distribution and migration of hydrocarbons in the soil profiles is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the genesis of particular pollutants is of special importance in the case of the low levels of soil pollution. 相似文献
16.
Contact angles at the water–air interface have been measured for triturated preparations of clays and soils in order to assess changes in their hydrophobic properties under the effect of oil hydrocarbons. Tasks have been to determine the dynamics of contact angle under soil wetting conditions and to reveal the effect of chemical removal of organic matter from soils on the hydrophilicity of preparations. The potentialities of static and dynamic drop tests for assessing the hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties of soils have been estimated. Clays (kaolinite, gumbrine, and argillite) have been investigated, as well as plow horizons of soils from the Republic of Tatarstan: heavy loamy leached chernozem, medium loamy dark gray forest soil, and light loamy soddy-calcareous soil. The soils have been contaminated with raw oil and kerosene at rates of 0.1–3 wt %. In the uncontaminated and contaminated chernozem, capillary water capacity has been maintained for 250 days. The contact angles have been found to depend on the degree of dispersion of powdered preparation, the main type of clay minerals in the soil, the presence and amount of oxidation-resistant soil organic matter, and the soil–water contact time. Characteristic parameters of mathematical models for drop behavior on triturated preparations have been calculated. Contamination with hydrocarbons has resulted in a reliable increase in the contact angles of soil preparations. The hydrophobization of soil surface in chernozem is more active than in soils poorer in organic matter. The complete restoration of the hydrophilic properties of soils after hydrocarbon contamination is due to the oxidation of easily oxidizable organic matter at the low content of humus, or to wetting during several months in the absence of the mazut fraction. 相似文献
17.
Hydrocarbons in the background soils of the southern- and middle-taiga subzones of the Komi Republic
The background content of hydrocarbons in soils of the southern and middle taiga has been assessed with consideration for the landscape and geochemical features of the area. Studies of hydrocarbons in soils of the taiga zone have showed that the position in the relief, particle-size distribution, and organic matter content are the main factors determining their content. The geochemical background of hydrocarbons is 50–100 mg/kg in the organic horizons of the soils on cover loams and 17–70 mg/kg in the soils on sandy deposits. 相似文献
18.
Soils and waters are affected by oil spills in the course of oil production and hydrocarbon leakages because of the corrosion of underground reservoirs, as well as the filtration of hydrocarbons from the tailing ponds formed during the extraction of oil from oil sands. The conventional technology for the withdrawal of contaminated water and its purification on the surface is low-efficient and expensive. New approaches are proposed for the in situ purification of soils and groundwater. To accelerate the oxidation, active substances atypical for the supergenesis zone are used: peroxides of metals and hydrogen. The efficiency of hydrogen peroxide significantly increases when the oxidation is catalyzed by Fe2+ or Fe3+ (Fenton reaction). The effects of Fe(III), sulfates, and carbon dioxide as electron acceptors are studied under anaerobic conditions (with oxygen deficit). 相似文献
19.
20.
筛选有机氯农药(六六六和滴滴涕)和多环芳烃作为典型土壤有机污染物,以江西省为例,开展了污染评价、源识别以及健康风险评价研究。结果表明:(1)所有样品中总六六六均未超过我国土壤环境质量二级标准,有8个样品中总滴滴涕超过该标准,另外,7.9%的样品中总多环芳烃超过荷兰土壤环境质量标准中最高允许浓度阈值;(2)接近29%的样品中六六六来自于当前林丹的使用,滴滴涕主要来源于近期输入,而对于多环芳烃而言,其中66%的样品中多环芳烃来源于石油源,34%的样品来源于燃料燃烧;(3)有机氯农药和多环芳烃对人体健康的风险都在可接受的范围内。 相似文献