共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
二十年来辽宁省玉米种质基础及杂优模式分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对辽宁省近二十年来审定的玉米品种种质基础及杂优模式进行了分析。结果表明:辽宁省玉米育种中应用的种质主要有旅系、改良Reid、Lancaster、外杂选、黄改等类群,改良Reid×旅系杂优模式占主导地位。辽宁省玉米育种仍存在遗传基础狭窄问题。因此,需加强与国内外的交流与合作,不断引进外来种质,拓宽种质资源,同时不断更新观念,明确今后的育种目标,采用先进的育种技术与传统育种方法相结合,创造新的种质,不断提高玉米育种水平,以适应玉米生产发展的需要。 相似文献
2.
辽宁省玉米杂优模式分析及种质基础 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
辽宁省玉米种质分为旅大红骨、改良Reid、外杂选、PN、Lancaster、塘四平头6个类群。通过对20年来审定玉米品种的杂优模式以及不同生态区主要种植品种进行分析,结果表明,在众多杂优模式中以改良Reid×旅大红骨模式应用最为广泛,说明旅大红骨种质在辽宁玉米育种中占主导地位。辽宁玉米种质资源匮乏,育种手段单一,急需加强与国内外的交流合作,拓宽种质资源,更新育种观念,明确育种目标,将现代生物技术与传统育种相结合,创造新的种质,从而提高玉米育种水平,以适应玉米生产发展的需要。 相似文献
3.
"八五"、"九五"期间辽宁省玉米种质基础及杂种优势模式分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
辽宁省玉米新品种选育研究在全国占有重要地位."七五"以来,由辽宁省育种单位育成的丹玉13号、沈单7号、铁单10号等玉米杂交种在生产上迅速推广应用,特别突出的如丹玉13号、沈单7号等优良杂交种已成为国内许多省份的主栽品种.但"八五" 、"九五"期间,辽宁省玉米育种曾出现过徘徊不前的局面.从辽宁省"两五"期间审定的玉米品种的遗传基础入手,分析了辽宁省玉米种质基础、杂种优势模式以及辽宁省玉米杂交种选育现状.辽宁省主要的玉米杂种优势模式是Reid×旅大红骨,Lancaster×旅大红骨,外杂选亚群×旅大红骨. 相似文献
4.
我国西南玉米杂种优势群及其杂优模式研究与应用的回顾 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
四川农业大学于上世纪80年代,提出直接从热带种质选育自交系与温带种质自交系杂交,将温、热带种质的优点结合到杂交一代的西南玉米育种新思路,从Suwan-1群体中成功选育了自交系S37(苏37),构建了"温带种质自交系×热带种质自交系"的杂优模式。在此基础上,不断总结西南玉米育种的成功经验,经过研究和发展,又提出将西南玉米育种用种质划分为Reid(瑞德)、Non-Reid(非瑞德)和Tropical(热带)3个类群,其两两组配,可构成"Reid×Non-Reid(浅丘、河谷组配模式)、Reid×Tropical和Non-Reid×Tropical(深丘、山区组配模式)"三角形杂优组配模式。本文系统回顾了我国西南玉米育种中热带种质利用、杂种优势群划分及杂优模式研究与应用的发展历程,并对今后的发展趋势进行分析。 相似文献
5.
分析我国2004~2017年28个国审青贮玉米品种的杂种优势群和杂优模式,采用系谱分析法可将其分为6个杂种优势群、8种杂优模式,其中,温热Ⅰ群×瑞德黄、旅大红骨×温热Ⅰ群、瑞德黄×热带种质、温热Ⅰ群×高油4种杂优模式最具代表性,其中,归为温热Ⅰ群的有16个系,有14个品种含有其血缘,占28个品种的50%;有13个品种达品质一级标准。生物产量和纤维品质是青贮玉米遗传改良的两大目标,以青贮专用型、粮饲通用型为主,饲草型为辅是青贮玉米育种的方向。建立现代遗传改良技术平台,拓宽种质资源遗传改良基础是青贮玉米育种重要技术手段。采取"高大严选、逆境鉴定"的选系方法,以单交种为主、三交种和双交种为辅的组配方式,完善各级品种试验程序,有利于取得青贮玉米遗传改良的重大突破。 相似文献
6.
7.
丹玉旅系改良的创新思路 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
丹玉旅系是我国玉米育种界公认的五大优良自交系之一,为扩增玉米种质资源,培育高产优质杂交种做了巨大贡献。许多育种者对丹玉旅系进行了大量的改良、扩增与创新,选育出旅9、旅9宽、E28、丹340等31个优良自交系,在生产上大面积应用。丹玉旅系改良的成功思路是从变异中选择,旅系间相互改良,旅系与黄改系改良,旅系与综合种的改良。为进一步改良旅系的抗病性、抗倒性、配合力等,探讨新的创新思路:用外杂选亚群自交系改良旅系,用Reid群自交系改良旅系,以提高玉米育种效率和杂种优势利用水平。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
18.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Aimee J. Guerrero Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Fumiaki Nakamura Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)
The review of the 2016–2017 marine pharmacology literature was prepared in a manner similar as the 10 prior reviews of this series. Preclinical marine pharmacology research during 2016–2017 assessed 313 marine compounds with novel pharmacology reported by a growing number of investigators from 54 countries. The peer-reviewed literature reported antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities for 123 marine natural products, 111 marine compounds with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as affecting the immune and nervous system, while in contrast 79 marine compounds displayed miscellaneous mechanisms of action which upon further investigation may contribute to several pharmacological classes. Therefore, in 2016–2017, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline generated both novel pharmacology as well as potentially new lead compounds for the growing clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and thus sustained with its contributions the global research for novel and effective therapeutic strategies for multiple disease categories. 相似文献