共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。 相似文献
2.
水分管理方式对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
以杂交籼稻汕优63和丰优香占及粳稻武育粳3号和9516为材料,研究了中期搁田、结实期干湿交替灌溉以及旱作对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与水层灌溉相比,搁田处理显著提高了水稻产量。结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量的影响因施氮量不同而有所差异。在常规施氮量（240 kg/hm2）下,干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量无显著影响,而在高氮（300 kg/hm2）条件下,干湿交替灌溉显著提高了水稻产量。水稻旱作与常规水作产量无明显差异。除武育粳3号外,中期搁田处理显著提高了汕优63和丰优香占的氮肥利用率;结实期干湿交替灌溉提高了高施氮量处理氮肥的农学利用率和生理利用率;水稻旱作有利于提高氮肥吸收利用率。 相似文献
3.
氮、磷、锌营养对水稻籽粒植酸含量的影响及与几种矿质元素间的相关性 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以协青早、秀水110及其辐射诱变获得的低植酸突变系（HIPi1和HIPj1）为材料,通过水培试验对不同氮、磷、锌浓度处理下水稻籽粒植酸含量差异及与几种矿质元素间的相关性进行了比较分析。高水平氮、磷、锌浓度处理的籽粒植酸含量较同一品种的低氮、磷、锌处理均有所降低,但在水稻生育期间,籽粒植酸含量对磷、锌处理浓度变化的敏感性,则因品种的植酸类型特征而异;氮、磷浓度增加能分别提高铁或降低铜在籽粒中的积累,但在高锌处理下,籽粒铁含量明显降低、而钾和镁的含量等却有所升高; 籽粒植酸含量一般与K、Mg、Fe、Cu 4种矿质元素含量呈正相关、与籽粒Zn含量呈负相关,但统计显著水平因品种而异。低植酸突变体籽粒中的K、Mg、Fe、Zn等含量虽略有下降,但可以通过适当的介质营养条件来调节有关矿质营养在水稻籽粒中的积累。 相似文献
4.
为了探明施氮量及氮肥运筹对优质杂交水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响,以晶两优华占、锦两优华占和晶两优1212为试验材料,2017～2018年在湖南省浏阳市进行了不同施氮量(145～225 kg/hm^2)和不同氮肥运筹(基肥、蘖肥、穗肥施用比例)的大田小区试验。结果表明:(1)适当减少施氮量能显著提高杂交水稻氮素收获指数、籽粒氮利用效率及氮肥偏生产力。(2)杂交水稻产量存在显著的品种间差异和年间差异,其中2017年以晶两优华占产量最高(9. 56 t/hm^2),3品种平均为8. 75 t/hm^2; 2018年以锦两优华占最高(13. 45 t/hm^2),3品种平均为12. 87 t/hm^2。(3) 2018年高施氮量处理显著增产,而2017年则显著减产。可见,增加氮肥用量或改进氮肥施用模式是否增加杂交水稻产量,可能与种植期间的气候条件有关。 相似文献
5.
Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn Concentrations in Shoot and Grain Quality in Rice （Oryza sativa） 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
HAO Hu-lin WEI You-zhang YANG Xiao-e FENG Ying WU Chun-yong 《水稻科学》2007,14(4):289-294
In a pot experiment, effects of N fertilizer application on the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in shoot of rice and the quality of brown rice were studied. In the treatments with N fertilizer application, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in most parts of rice shoot increased compared with control (no N fertilizer application). This indicated that the transportation ability of microelements from root to shoot in rice was improved with N fertilizer application. Effect of N fertilizer on IR68144 was similar to that of on IR64, but the concentrations of the microelements in plant differed, suggesting that the characteristic expression of the two rice genotypes was not controlled by the amount of N fertilizer supplied. The concentrations of those microelements in brown rice increased at first and then decreased with increasing N fertilizer application, reaching the highest at 160 kg/ha, at which the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in brown rice increased by 28.96%, 41.34%, 58.31% and 16.0% for IR64, and by 22.16%, 13.75%, 8.75% and 20.21% for IR68144 compared with control, respectively. Moreover, N fertilizer promoted the accumulation of protein, decreased the accumulation of amylose in grain, and enhanced gel consistency of brown rice. These results indicate that appropriate N fertilizer management could increase micronutrient contents in grain and improve nutrition quality of rice. 相似文献
6.
再生稻肥料管理对不同品种产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】探明肥料管理、品种及其互作对再生稻头季和再生季产量和品质的影响,为再生稻高产优质育种和栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验的方法,以4个华中地区主推的再生稻品种为材料,设置4种肥料管理方法,分别测定水稻的产量和产量构成因素、稻米品质(加工品质和外观品质)、干物质生产及相关农艺性状等。【结果】相比推荐施肥对照(CK),全生育期施用再生稻专用缓释肥(SRF)使两季施肥的次数从5次减少到3次,而且产量在头季和再生季分别达8.86和6.39 t/hm 2,较CK仅降低了6.2%和9.1%。SRF在头季减产主要归因于较低的结实率,而在再生季减产是每穗颖花数和总颖花数共同下降的结果。促芽肥施与不施对再生季产量没有影响。再生稻两季的加工品质和外观品质主要受品种的影响,肥料处理及其与品种的互作影响很小。相比其他3个品种,甬优4949的头季和再生季产量最高,加工品质和外观品质最好。【结论】施用专用缓释肥和省施促芽肥均能够在不大幅损失稻谷产量的同时减少施肥次数促进再生稻轻简化栽培。 相似文献
7.
不同品种紫玉米产量、花青素含量及生理指标研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以7个紫玉米杂交组合为试材,对子粒产量、产量构成因素、花青素含量、花青素产量、生理指标等进行研究。结果表明,紫玉米不同品种间产量差异较大,影响产量的主要因子是果穗大小和出籽率;不同品种间花青素含量差异较大,花青素含量与子粒产量共同决定单位面积花青素产量;子粒花青素含量与子粒产量呈极显著负相关关系,子粒花青素含量与花青素产量呈极显著正相关关系;叶片花青素含量与光合速率呈负相关关系,叶片花青素含量与叶绿素含量呈负相关关系,开花期和灌浆期叶片花青素含量与叶片可溶性糖含量相关性不显著。 相似文献
8.
供氮水平对稻株铁、锰、铜、锌含量和稻米品质的影响 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
采用室内盆栽试验,研究了不同氮肥施用量对水稻铁、锰、铜、锌含量和稻米品质的影响。 随着氮肥使用量的增加,与对照相比,4种微量元素在稻株地上部组织中的含量增加。施氮水平对两个品种徽量元素含量的总体影响趋势一致,只是在稻株中含量不同,表明施氮量对品种的特性表达没有影响。糙米中微量元素含量随着施氮量的增加表现出先升高后降低的趋势,其中以氮肥使用量在160 kg/hm2时增幅最大。此时,IR64的糙米中的铁、锰、铜、锌含量分别比对照增加28.96%、41.34%、58.31%和16.0%,而IR68144的糙米铁、锰、铜、锌含量分别比对照增加2216%、13.75%、8.75%和2021%。同时,随着氮肥使用量的增加,籽粒蛋白质含量增加,直链淀粉含量降低,糙米的胶稠度变大。说明合理的氮肥管理措施可在一定程度上调控籽粒微量元素积累,改善稻米营养品质。 相似文献
9.
10.
Vua Xiongsiyee Benjavan Rerkasem Jeeraporn Veeradittakit Chorpet Saenchai Sittichai Lordkaew Chanakan Thebault Prom-u-thai 《水稻科学》2018,25(2):94-102
Luang Prabang Province is located within the area recognized as the center of rice(Oryza sativa L.) diversity in Lao PDR. This study reported on grain quality characteristics of 60 upland rice seed samples sharing 49 variety names collected from 6 villages in Luang Prabang in 2015. Most of the samples has non-pigmented pericarp, while red pericarp was found in four samples and purple in five samples. Almost all of the samples were of large grain type, with glutinous endosperm in 70% and non-glutinous endosperm in 30%. The brown(unpolished) rice was found with a wide range of grain nutritional quality, including protein(9.2% ± 0.9%), Fe(15.9 ± 6.9 mg/kg), Zn(19.6 ± 2.1 mg/kg), anthocyanin(0.774 ± 0.880 mg/g), and anti-oxidative capacity(2.071 ± 1.373 mg/g). The varieties sharing similar names had similar morphological characteristics but varied in nutritional concentration, with required confirmation in genetic variation analysis. This study found that some rice varieties with high grain quality may benefit the farmers directly or could be used in varietal improvement programs. 相似文献
11.
12.
《作物学报(英文版)》2015,(4)
While the yield potential of rice has increased but little is known about the impact of breeding on grain quality, especially under different levels of N availability. In order to investigate the integrated effects of breeding and N levels on rice quality 12 japonica rice cultivars bred in the past60 years in the Yangtze River Basin were used with three levels of N: 0 kg N ha-1, 240 kg N ha-1,and 360 kg N ha-1. During the period, milling quality(brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, and head rice percentage), appearance quality(chalky kernels percentage, chalky size, and chalkiness), and eating and cooking quality(amylose content, gel consistency, peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback) were significantly improved, but the nutritive value of the grain has declined due to a reduction in protein content. Micronutrients, such as Cu, Mg, and S contents, were decreased, and Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, Ca, K, P, B contents were increased. These changes in grain quality imply that simultaneous improvements in grain yield and grain quality are possible through selection. Overall, application of N fertilizer decreased grain quality, especially in terms of eating and cooking quality. Under higher N levels, higher protein content was the main reason for deterioration of grain quality, although lower amylose content might contribute to improving starch pasting properties. These results suggest that further improvement in grain quality will depend on both breeding and cultivation practices, especially in regard to nitrogen and water management. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
D.C. Knievel E.-S.M. Abdel-Aal I. Rabalski T. Nakamura P. Hucl 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,50(1):113-120
There is renewed interest in breeding for high anthocyanin content in wheat due to its antioxidant potential. A series of adapted spring wheat lines were developed with blue aleurone or purple pericarp. The development of anthocyanin concentration and color of these selected lines was measured during grain filling for two field seasons at Saskatoon, Canada. In addition, the inheritance of the blue aleurone and purple pericarp was studied. Anthocyanin concentration increased rapidly during grain development and then decreased before maturity. Anthocyanin concentration was highest in PIG03008, a purple pericarp wheat. For mature grain, genotypic variation for anthocyanin concentration was statistically significant while the year and genotype by year interaction were not, facilitating the breeding progress. Blue aleurone was shown to be controlled by a single dominant gene in BC populations whereas purple pericarp appeared to be controlled by two loci with a segregation ratio of 11 purple: 5 white in F2 populations. The results indicate that breeding high anthocyanin blue or purple wheat is feasible. 相似文献
16.
供锌水平对水稻生长和锌积累和分配的影响 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
通过对3个不同水稻品种（碧玉早糯、26715和浙农921）5个供锌水平（0.0、0.5、2.0、8.0、32.0 μmol/L ZnSO[sub]4[/sub]）处理的水培试验,研究供锌水平对水稻生长和锌积累的影响。结果表明,水稻地上部锌含量随供锌水平的提高而提高,不同的供试品种在不同的生育期地上部锌含量的变化趋势存在差别。不同的供试品种之间籽粒锌的积累差异极显著,精米中的锌含量随供锌水平的提高而提高;在8.0、32.0 μmol/L Zn水平下,籽粒锌含量差异不大,颖壳锌含量则随供锌水平的提高而提高;在≤8.0 μmol/L时,精米锌含量比颖壳高,而在高锌水平（32.0 μmol/L）下,颖壳的锌含量比精米高。 相似文献
17.
为明确栽培技术对不同稻作区稻谷硒含量的综合影响,基于国内外相关文献,定量分析了施肥、灌溉、石灰施用等栽培措施对稻谷硒含量和产量的影响,并比较了不同水稻品种间硒含量的差异。结果表明,与不施肥相比,施用氮磷钾肥能促进稻谷硒的积累;紫云英还田可明显增加稻谷硒含量,其增幅与紫云英的投入量显著正相关;其他有机肥对稻谷硒含量的影响在不同研究中存在差异。间歇灌溉和湿润灌溉等节水管理和施用石灰可有效提高稻谷硒含量。不同水稻品种积累硒的能力差异显著,且这种差异不受土壤硒含量影响。选用富硒水稻品种、紫云英还田、节水灌溉和适量施用石灰等栽培措施可以实现水稻天然富硒与高产的协同。 相似文献
18.
以低垩白高食味品种宜香优2115和高垩白低食味品种F优498为材料,在施氮量150 kg/hm2条件下,研究了3 种氮肥运筹方式（基肥:蘖肥:穗肥分别为5:3:2、3:3:4、3:1:6,分别记为N1、N2 N3）和不施氮（N0）对杂交籼稻产量及不同粒位稻米垩白性状和食味品质的影响,并探讨了不同粒位稻米垩白性状与食味品质的关系。结果表明,品种、氮肥运筹对产量、氮肥农学利用效率及不同粒位稻米垩白性状及食味值均存在显著影响。参试2个品种产量及氮肥利用效率均以N2处理最高,实现了产量及氮肥利用效率的协同提高;同时能进一步降低宜香优2115不同粒位的垩白性状、提高相应粒位食味值;而F优498的食味值以N1处理为宜,可改善其不同粒位稻米品质。进一步分析发现,垩白度和垩白粒率强势粒低于弱势粒、一次枝梗上的籽粒低于二次枝梗上的籽粒、穗上部籽粒低于穗中部和下部籽粒,而食味值则强势粒高于弱势粒、一次枝梗上的籽粒高于二次枝梗上的籽粒、穗上部籽粒高于穗中部和下部籽粒。相关分析表明,稻米垩白性状与食味值呈显著或极显著相关（r=-0.706*~-0.937**）,降低稻米垩白是提高食味品质的主要途径。 相似文献
19.
The system of rice intensification (SRI) is reported to have advantages like lower seed requirement,less pest attack,shorter crop duration,higher water use efficiency and the ability to withstand higher degree of moisture stress than traditional method of rice cultivation.With this background,SRI was compared with traditional transplanting technique at Indian Agricultural Research Institute,New Delhi,India during two wet seasons (2009-2011).In the experiment laid out in a factorial randomized block design,two methods of rice cultivation [conventional transplanting (CT) and SRI] and two rice varieties (Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa 44) were used under seven crop nutrition treatments,viz.T 1,120 kg/hm2 N,26.2 kg/hm2 P and 33 kg/hm2 K;T 2,20 t/hm2 farmyard manure (FYM);T 3,10 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N;T 4,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 90 kg/hm2 N;T 5,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N+ 1.5 kg/hm2 blue green algae (BGA);T 6,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N+ 1.0 t/hm2 Azolla,and T 7,N 0 P 0 K 0 (control,no NPK application) to study the effect on seed quality,yield and water use.In SRI,soil was kept at saturated moisture condition throughout vegetative phase and thin layer of water (2-3 cm) was maintained during the reproductive phase of rice,however,in CT,standing water was maintained in crop growing season.Results revealed that CT and SRI gave statistically at par grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in CT as compared to SRI.Seed quality was superior in SRI as compared to CT.Integrated nutrient management (INM) resulted in higher plant height with longer leaves than chemical fertilizer alone in both the rice varieties.Grain yield attributes such as number of effective tillers per hill,panicle length and panicle weight of rice in both the varieties were significantly higher in INM as compared to chemical fertilizer alone.Grain yields of both the varieties were the highest in INM followed by the recommended doses of chemical fertilizer.The grain yield and its attributes of Pusa 44 were significantly higher than those of Pusa Basmati 1.The seed quality parameters like germination rate and vigor index as well as N uptake and soil organic carbon content were higher in INM than those in chemical fertilizer alone.CT rice used higher amount of water than SRI,with water saving of 37.6% to 34.5% in SRI.Significantly higher water productivity was recorded in SRI as compared to CT rice. 相似文献
20.
水稻高产与优质栽培的冲突与协调 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻高产与优质栽培之间存在着冲突与矛盾,实现产量和品质的协同提高是水稻生产发展的目标。本文论述了我国水稻优质生产的起伏,高产与优质之间的发展关系;在简要比较优质稻品种、优质稻谷和优质大米国家标准和行业标准的基础上,提出了水稻优质栽培的主攻目标;在探讨遗传、环境和栽培因素对稻米品质影响的基础上,指出高产与优质栽培的矛盾在于产量和食味品质提升对幼穗分化期N养分需求的不一致;提出了以前期促长精准控施穗肥N为核心的水稻高产与优质相协调的栽培策略。 相似文献