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Gram-Positive Bacteria Associated with Rice in China and Their Antagonists Against the Pathogens of Sheath Blight and Bakanae Disease in Rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Luo Jin-yan XIE Guan-lin LI Bin Luo Yuan-chan ZHAO Li-han WANG Xiao LIU Bo LI Wen 《水稻科学》2005,12(3):213-218
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops, which feeds half of the population in the world. It’s the principle of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to maintain the pest damage under an economical permitted level by means of resistant cutivars and biological control. Some of the bacteria from rice plants are pathogenic [1], but most of them are nonpathogenic ones, which provide abundant resources for the biological control to rice diseases. It is a first key step of biolo… 相似文献
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简要介绍了水稻在当地粮食生产中的地位,分析了本溪地区发展优质米水稻的自然资源和品种上的优势,着重分析了栽培技术优势,同时提出了选用优质品种、适时播种、适期早插、壮苗稀植、科学施肥、防治病虫草害、合理灌溉等发展对策。 相似文献
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Application of ozone in grain processing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B.K. Tiwari C.S. Brennan T. Curran E. Gallagher P.J. Cullen C.P. O' Donnell 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Ozone is an effective fumigant for insect killing, mycotoxin destruction and microbial inactivation which has a minimal or no effect on grain quality. Studies have demonstrated that ozone which is a natural agent, may offer unique advantages for grain processing along with addressing growing concerns over the use of harmful pesticides. This paper focuses on the efficacy of ozone for preservation of food grains and discusses the possible effects on product quality. Inactivation mechanisms for micro-organisms and mycotoxins are detailed. Critical intrinsic and extrinsic factors governing inactivation are discussed along with potential grain applications. 相似文献
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利用电子鼻对胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.)、可可球二孢(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.)、芒果小穴壳(Dothiorella dominicana Pet.et Cif.)和芒果拟茎点霉(Phomopsis mangiferae Ahmad.)4种芒果采后病害病原菌发酵液的挥发性气味进行检测,以评估电子鼻用于芒果不同真菌病原菌种类判别的可行性。结果表明,对气味响应值进行的主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)及聚类分析均能够正确区分不同病原菌种类。多因素方差分析(MANOVA)结果显示,不同病原菌之间的差异显著(p0.05)。结果为芒果采后病原菌种类判别提供新的方法,为其他病原菌的种类判别提供参考。 相似文献
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热带水果上食源性致病菌研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
芒果、木瓜、椰子、菠萝、香蕉和鳄梨等曾发生多起食源性疾病爆发事件。诺瓦克病毒(Norovirus)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)是高发性食源性致病微生物。综述与热带水果相关的食源性致病微生物、致病菌在热带水果上的行为以及致病菌侵染植物的过程,提出未来研究方向。 相似文献
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阐述葫芦岛地区水稻生产现状,分析水稻生产存在品种杂乱、育苗技术落后、施肥不均衡、病虫害防治水平低、灌水不科学等主要问题。提出了今后水稻产业发展的对策,重点是筛选品种、提高育苗技术、均衡施肥、加强病虫害防治、实行科学灌水等。 相似文献
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于1998~2004年对采自浙江、江苏、福建和云南省的756份稻株和稻种样本进行了革兰氏阳性细菌的分离、鉴定研究。被分离的1015个菌株经致病性测定、菌落形态及部分细菌学特征（革兰氏染色、KMB培养基上的荧光色素及芽孢的染色镜检等）测定后,选出代表菌株74个连同5个对照菌株用Biolog及脂肪酸分析法(FAME)进行测试, 鉴定出Bacillus属5个种及其他3属的革兰氏阳性细菌,并发现枯草芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌菌株具有很好的纹枯病和恶苗病拮抗能力,但来自短小芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌的极少数菌株在条件适宜时能与其他病原菌一起引起水稻褐斑,从这些种筛选生防菌株时应充分考虑其风险。 相似文献
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The increase in ethanol production continues to drive the availability of distillers' grains, which are used as an animal feed for cattle, swine and poultry. In its wet state this co-product of the ethanol production process must be fed or treated before spoiling and reaching its shelf-life, only 3–5 days after production. Novel treatment technologies, such as high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP), continue to show promise as a method to increase the shelf-life of many products such as contaminated animal feed. This study investigated the parameters grain depth, amount of sample and exposure time, for effective treatment of distillers’ grains to increase shelf-life using HVACP. This work evaluates the different combinations of treatments to determine, which parameters are critical for reduction in microbial growth and increase shelf-life. The efficacy of the reactive gas species (RGS) produced by HVACP, at 70 kV for up to 360 s, moving through the grain mass of distillers wet grains (DWG) was evaluated by measuring microbial load (log reduction), moisture content and pH after 0, 14 and 28 days of storage at 25 °C at grain depths of 1, 2.5 and 4.5 cm. Results showed a higher log reduction at the 1 cm depth than at 2.5 and 4.5 cm for measurements after the initial treatment. Stored samples continued to show reductions, however the greater depths had higher log reductions than the surface. Nutrient composition and amino acid profiles were also analyzed, showing no significant difference between treated and untreated samples over the storage period. 相似文献
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江淮地区温光水资源丰富,是我国重要的粮食主产区之一。该地区地处南北气候过度地带,病虫草害类型复杂,病虫草害绿色防控是确保粮食安全生产的重要保障措施。江淮地区作物周年种植,模式多样,其中以稻-麦轮作种植模式为主。本研究根据安徽粮丰项目试验示范成果,结合江淮稻-麦周年生产实际,针对稻-麦周年生长不同生育期主要靶标病虫草害发生规律和为害特点,集成了以农业生态技术措施为前提、绿色防控投入品综合应用为基础、药械联用精准减量高效防控靶标生物技术为突破口的绿色防控技术模式,并成功示范推广。本文就该技术模式进行了详细介绍,以期为区域粮食绿色安全可持续生产提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Rice false smut disease, which is caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, is currently one of the most devastating rice fungal diseases in the world. Rice false smut disease not only causes severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxins. In this review, the most recent progresses regarding the life cycle, infection processes, genome and genetic diversity, pathogenic gene and disease resistance in rice were summarized in order to provide theoretical basis for the control of U. virens. We also proposed some future directions and key questions that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism that leads to rice false smut disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice false smut. 相似文献
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病虫害统防统治在保障国家粮食安全和促进农民增收增效方面取得了显著成效。磐安县位于浙江省中部山区,生态环境复杂,水稻病虫害种类、种群及发生规律复杂,病虫防治压力大。本文通过2008-2016年磐安县统防统治的探索,对磐安县水稻病虫害统防统治工作的成效及存在问题进行了分析,并提出推进统防统治的对策与建议。 相似文献
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为验证不同拌种剂对直播水稻生长及产量的影响,以指导直播稻安全生产,促进其增收,以宁粳31为参试品种,特设置了本试验。结果表明,参试拌种剂均有提高直播稻抗逆性、增加分蘖、降低空秕率、提高产量的效果。与对照相比,吡虫啉·咪鲜胺FS拌种能使直播水稻保苗率、分蘖数、有效穗数、叶面积、干物质量分别提高6.10%、21.01%、11.11%、24.75%和20.73%,使空秕率降低45.74%,同时使水稻产量提高3.92%,差异达显著水平。1.3%吡虫啉·咪鲜胺FS有较好的促进水稻生长、提高抗逆性、减轻病虫害、增加产量的作用,且其用药成本比其他4种参试药剂低,对水稻生长安全,是今后推广使用的方向。 相似文献
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1997～1999年,分别从中国长江三角洲稻区的276份和日本稻区30份水稻种子样本中分离出3 200余个及303个非致病菌株。经细菌学、菌落形态及致病性测定后,对386个格兰氏阴性菌及30个阳性菌进行Biolog鉴定,并用3个水稻病原菌进行了拮抗性筛选。从中国的水稻种子中测得假单胞杆菌属的10个种及5个非假单胞杆菌属中的14个种;从日本的水稻种子中测得假单胞杆菌属的6个种及5个非假单胞杆菌属中的10个种。这5个非假单胞菌属中的14个种尚未有从中国稻谷上分离出来的记录。从中国的14个细菌种及日本的10个细菌种中测得拮抗菌,其中占拮抗细菌种总数64%的种来自假单胞杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属。 相似文献