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硝草酮在玉米田的除草效果及安全性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005年在北京市小汤山进行了田间试验,对硝草酮做茎叶处理的除草效果及对玉米的安全性进行了研究。结果表明:供试试验田反枝苋、苍耳、苘麻、苦蘵、龙葵、稗草、马唐对硝草酮敏感。铁苋菜、马齿苋对该药中度敏感。牛筋草、狗尾草、葎草、野西瓜苗、扁蓄、打碗花、刺儿菜、半夏对该药不敏感。该药对阔叶杂草防效好于对禾本科杂草的效果。供试剂量范围内,随施药量增加对敏感杂草防效提高。杂草3～4叶期施用10%硝草酮水悬浮剂70g/667m2的处理对稗草和马唐鲜重防效接近90%,对反枝苋、苍耳、苘麻鲜重防效在90%以上;100g/667m2及140g/667m2的处理对稗草和马唐鲜重防效为90%～95%,对反枝苋、苍耳、苘麻鲜重防效在95%～100%。杂草叶龄越小,硝草酮对其防效越高。禾本科杂草3～4叶期前用药防效理想,阔叶杂草反枝苋、苘麻等10叶期施药也能达到较好防效。10%硝草酮水悬浮剂施药剂量应为70～100g/667m2商品量。硝草酮100～140g/667m2的处理个别玉米植株叶片表现白化,叶片白化的植株占全小区植株数的3%～20%,但随作物生长药害症状消失。硝草酮水悬浮剂40～70g/667m2在玉米3～8叶期用药,对玉米中单44产量无影响。该剂量在玉米3～4叶期用药,对8个供试玉米品种生长及产量无影响。 相似文献
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烟嘧磺隆安全使用技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
烟嘧磺隆是一种选择性的玉米田专用茎叶除草剂,主要用于防除玉米田马齿苋、马唐、稗草等一年生禾本科杂草、莎草及反枝苋等阔叶杂草,具有很好的效果。在其超过专利保护期后,国内企业开始大量生产销售。 相似文献
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山东省泰安市甘薯田杂草调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
山东省泰安市甘薯田杂草隶属12科35种,以禾本科杂草与阔叶杂草混生为主,常见一年生禾本科杂草以牛筋草、马唐、狗尾草为主,阔叶杂草以反枝苋、马齿苋、铁苋菜、饭包草为主,莎草科杂草以碎米莎草、异型莎草及香附子为主。甘薯扦插后生长前期主要以阔叶杂草反枝苋、藜、马齿苋、苘麻、碎米莎草占优势,甘薯生长后期(6～7月),以一年生禾本科杂草牛筋草、马唐、稗草及狗尾草为主。甘薯田杂草的防除重点是扦插后至封垄前,此阶段及时有效的除草对甘薯的优质高产至关重要。 相似文献
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为了明确除草剂10%噁唑·氰氟草酯乳油等对水稻旱直播田禾本科杂草的防治效果及对水稻植株的安全性,分别选用10%噁唑·氰氟草酯乳油、10%噁唑酰草胺乳油、100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油、3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂等药剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,10%噁唑·氰氟乳油对稗草、马唐等旱直播禾本科杂草具有良好的防治效果,225 g/hm2有效成分剂量药后15 d,对稗草和马唐的防效分别达95.8%和85.4%,总草的防效达91.6%;在药后30 d,对稗草和马唐的防效分别达96.7%和87.7%,总草防效达92.9%,明显优于其他药剂。10%噁唑·氰氟乳油的增产效果也十分明显,较空白对照增产高达271.5%。 相似文献
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The addition of the organosilicone surfactant ‘Silwet L77’ at 1-5 ml litre?1 to formulated glyphosate gave complete surface wetting on application to the adaxial leaf surface of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The wetting characteristics of the solution were associated with rapid foliar uptake and near maximal uptake in 3 h compared to greater than 5 h in the absence of ‘Silwet L77’. Evidence is presented showing that solutions containing ‘Silwet L77’ rapidly infiltrate stomata. Rapid uptake did not occur after application to the astomatous abaxial surface of perennial ryegrass leaves. The rapid rate of glyphosate uptake reduced the critical rainfall period to 2 h or less, compared to up to 10 h in the absence of ‘Silwet L77’. The use of ‘Silwet L77’ has major practical implications for the use of glyphosate in regions with unpredictable rainfall or high rainfall frequency. 相似文献
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The chemically different adjuvants ‘Agral’, ‘Bond’, ‘Codacide Oil’, Li 700, ‘Silwet L’-77, and ‘Headland Guard’ were assayed to determine their effects on the rainfastness of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos. Cabbage leaves were each treated with 200×0.25-μl droplets of diluted formulation using a hand-held microapplicator. Droplet deposits were left to air-dry for 1 h prior to exposure to simulated rainfall. Rain fastness was assessed using GC residue analyses of treated leaves after exposure to 10, 20 or 30 min simulated rainfall. The results indicated that the latex-based adjuvants ‘Bond’ and ‘Headland Guard’ induced a statistically significant increase in rainfastness, results for the other adjuvants assayed being either not significant or inconclusive. The results are discussed within the context of using adjuvants to enhance insecticide efficacy. ©1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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LYNETTE BROWN NADER SOLTANI CHRISTY SHROPSHIRE HELMUT SPIESER PETER H. SIKKEMA 《Weed Biology and Management》2007,7(1):55-61
Twelve field experiments were conducted over a 4 year (2002–2005) period to determine the influence of the herbicide dose, nozzle type, spray volume, and spray pressure on herbicide efficacy in field corn ( Zea mays L.). The control of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf ), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters), Amaranthus powellii (green pigweed), and Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) was improved with the use of full herbicide doses compared to half doses of bromoxynil, glufosinate, dicamba, and nicosulfuron. The yield was increased for bromoxynil, glufosinate, and nicosulfuron when the full herbicide dose was used. When applied at the manufacturer's recommended dose, flat fan nozzles, compared to air induction (AI) nozzles, provided better control of A. theophrasti , A. artemisiifolia , and C. album with bromoxynil, A. artemisiifolia and C. album with dicamba, and E. crus-galli with nicosulfuron. Bromoxynil, in relation to weed control, was the only herbicide that was affected by the water carrier volume. By increasing the spray pressure with an AI nozzle, there was an improvement in the control of A. theophrasti , A. artemisiifolia, and C. album with the application of bromoxynil and E. crus-galli with the application of nicosulfuron, with a yield increase with bromoxynil. Overall, this study concludes that the optimum nozzle type, water carrier volume, and spray pressure is herbicide- and weed species-specific. 相似文献
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几种有机硅助剂对草甘膦在单子叶植物体内吸收、转移和分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
采用14C-草甘膦同位素标记法研究了4种有机硅助剂Silwet L-77、Silwet 800 、Freeway 和Boost 在体积分数0.1%用量下对草甘膦在黑麦草( Lolium perenne L. cv. Grasslands Greenstone)体内吸收、转移和分布的影响。结果表明:与单用草甘膦相比，4 种助剂的加入显著地降低了草甘膦在黑麦草体内的吸收和转移量，助剂之间无显著性差异。 处理后24和72 h测定，草甘膦主要分布在幼嫩组织中，其次是根部，在老叶片中的转移量最 少。无论转移量高低，草甘膦在植物体内的分布总是表现为地上部的比例高于地下部。有机 硅助剂对草甘膦在各组织中的分布比例没有影响。 相似文献
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Peter J. G. Stevens Robyn E. Gaskin Sung-Ok Hong Jerzy A. Zabkiewicz 《Pest management science》1991,33(3):371-382
Radiolabelled deoxyglucose (DOG) and glyphosate were used to investigate the effects of certain non-ionic surfactants on the kinetics of foliar uptake in three species. ‘Silwet L-77’ (5 g litre?1), an organosilicone surfactant, enabled spray solutions to infiltrate stomata, providing uptake of DOG into Vicia bean (50%), oat (35%) and wheat (20%) within 10 min of application. ‘Silwet Y-12301’, another organosilicone, also induced stomatal infiltration but to a lesser extent; unlike L-77, this was attenuated by partial stomatal closure. A third organosilicone, ‘Silwet L-7607’, and two conventional surfactants, ‘Triton X-45’ (OP5) and ‘Agral 90’ (NP9), did not induce stomatal infiltration. The effective minimum concentration of L-77 required to enable infiltration of stomata was 2 g litre?1. The uptake of glyphosate into bean did not differ from that of DOG but the ‘Roundup’ formulation of glyphosate partially antagonised the infiltration provided by L-77. Addition of surfactants did not increase the rate of cuticular penetration of DOG into bean but total uptake was increased, except by NP9, either via infiltration (L-77 and Y-12301) or by extending the period during which penetration occurred (L-7607 and OP5). The surfactants had a variable effect on rates of penetration of DOG into wheat and oat. In general, foliar uptake followed an exponential timecourse which was largely complete within 6 h and only rarely approached 100% of the applied chemical. The stomatal infiltration provided by L-77 caused an increase in translocation of DOG in bean. 相似文献
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为了明确水稻田除草剂三唑磺草酮(QYR301)的最佳施药条件,以稗草Echinochloa crus-galli和水稻Oryza sativa作为测试靶标,采用温室盆栽法研究了其施药适期、耐雨水冲刷性、温度和光照强度对其除草活性的影响。结果显示:三唑磺草酮对不同叶龄水稻具有较高的安全性,在有效成分360 g/hm^2的剂量下,对2叶期以后的水稻干重抑制率为0%;其除草活性与稗草的叶龄显著相关,其中2~3叶期的稗草最为敏感,有效成分30 g/hm^2的三唑磺草酮对其干重抑制率为95%~98%;三唑磺草酮具有一定的耐雨水冲刷能力,药后降雨间隔达到8 h以上,其除草活性与药后降雨间隔时间无显著相关性,在有效成分30~120 g/hm^2的剂量下,对稗草的干重抑制率为75%~93%;在20~35℃区间,三唑磺草酮药效稳定,对稗草的GR50值在44.6~51.4 g/hm^2之间;相较于中度光照(45%)和低光照(4%),高光照(100%)条件下三唑磺草酮对稗草的干重抑制率显著增加。分析表明杂草叶龄、降雨、温度和光照会显著影响三唑磺草酮除草活性,为使其发挥最大药效,应选择在水稻2叶期以后至稗草2~4叶期,天气晴朗,气温高于20℃的情况下施药;如药后8 h以内遇降雨天气,则需进行补喷。 相似文献
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不同粘度矿物油助剂对除草剂活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
室内及温室内测定了10种不同粘度矿物油助剂对除草剂防除苘麻和稗草药效的影响及对玉米苗期的安全性。结果表明,10种矿物油助剂均不同程度地增加了氰草津和烟嘧磺隆防除两种杂草的活性。其中粘度为46 mm2/s (40℃)的矿物油乳剂(MOC46)对供试除草剂药效的增强作用最为明显,其次为粘度32 mm2/s (40℃)的矿物油乳剂。10种助剂对氰草津药效的增强作用大于对烟嘧磺隆。MOC46对除草剂活性的增加由高到低依次为:莠去津、氰草津＞莠去津+氰草津、莠去津+烟嘧磺隆、氰草津+烟嘧磺隆＞烟嘧磺隆;对玉米苗期安全性依次为:莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、莠去津+烟嘧磺隆＞莠去津+氰草津、氰草津+烟嘧磺隆＞氰草津。氰草津与MOC46混用对玉米苗期药害较重。 相似文献
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为明确新型原卟啉原氧化酶 (PPO) 抑制剂Y11049 [化学名称为 2-((6-氟-5-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-三氟甲基-3,6-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)硫代)丙酸乙酯] 的作用特性,本研究以同类型药剂苯嘧磺草胺为对照,选择对Y11049敏感的几种阔叶杂草为测试靶标,采用室内生物测定法,分别研究了环境温度、光照强度、模拟降雨及杂草叶龄对Y11049除草活性的影响,以及Y11049在黄瓜和苘麻植株中的吸收传导特性。结果表明:在有效成分3.75、7.5、15及30 g/hm2剂量下,在15~35 ℃ 范围内,Y11049对绿穗苋的除草活性与温度呈显著正相关;强光照 (8427 lx) 条件下,有效成分60 g/hm2的Y11049对牵牛的鲜重抑制率为95.2%,显著高于中等光照 (4200 lx) 和低光照 (5 lx) 条件下的抑制率,说明其为需光型;于施药后4 h模拟降雨,Y11049 对苘麻的鲜重抑制率与无降雨处理之间无显著差异;在有效成分30 g/hm2剂量下,Y11049芽前土壤处理对苘麻和反枝苋无活性,对芽后2~8叶期苘麻和反枝苋的鲜重抑制率分别为86.0%~98.6%和86.5%~97.9%,表明其施药适期较长。Y11049可通过根、茎、叶及芽吸收进入植物体内,但传导能力较弱;其作用特性整体与苯嘧磺草胺相近。研究表明,新型PPO抑制剂 Y11049 在防除非耕地阔叶杂草方面具有较好的应用前景,但以选择温度适宜的晴天施药为宜,且由于其作用方式为触杀,在非耕地应用时需要足够的喷液量以保证均匀喷施于杂草表面。结果可为Y11049的开发应用提供理论依据。 相似文献