共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
日粮降解氮转化为瘤胃微生物氮效率影响因素的研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
用１０种不同氮源日粮（４种糊化淀粉尿素日粮、常规尿素日粮、豆饼日粮、甲醛及非甲醛新保护剂保护豆饼日粮）在５头装有瘤胃和真胃瘘管的阉牛中分别进行６×５和４×４两个拉丁方试验，用体内法测定日粮的蛋白质和有机物质的降解率、微生物蛋白质产量及瘤胃氨浓度。同时用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定蛋白质和有机物质降解率。结果表明：不同氮源日粮间降解氮转化为微生物氮的效率差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）：降解氮转化效率与瘤胃平均氨浓度有限高曲线负相关（ｒ＝－０．９１９２），与降解氮同体内法测定的瘤胃可消化有机物（ＲＤＯＭ）及瘤胃尼龙袋法测定的瘤胃２４小时可发酵有机物（ＦＯＭ）的比率均有同种类型的曲线负相关（ｒ＝－０．８７９６，ｒ＝－０．９０３７）。说明降解氮转化为微生物氮的效率受饲料蛋白质降解量、降解速度及降解氮与微生物可利用能平衡的影响。 相似文献
2.
（一）蛋白质饲料
1．豆饼和豆粕。大豆饼（粕）含赖氯酸高,味道芳香,适口性好,营养价值高,一般用量占日粮的10％～30％。大豆饼（粕）的氨基酸组成接近动物性蛋白质饲料,但蛋氨酸、胱氨酸含量相对不足,故以玉米一豆饼（粕）为基础的日粮通常需要添加蛋氦酸。但是, 相似文献
3.
探索用新的蛋白质保护剂氯化锌保护豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和胡麻粕4种饲料．用尼龙袋法测定4种饲料处理前后蛋白质的瘤胃降解率。结果表明：ZnCl2处理可以降低饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解率，能够保护饲料蛋白质．提高过瘤胃蛋白的数量。0．5％ZnCl2处理可降低豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和胡麻粕蛋白质有效降解率8．2％、3．8％、14．9％和9．8％。从降解动力学分析，ZnCl2处理降低了饲料蛋白质的快速降解部分和降解速度，从而降低了蛋白质的有效降解率。 相似文献
4.
饲料蛋白质保护对肉牛饲料氮的降解,消化和利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究用甲醛和新型保护剂保护豆饼日粮及未保护豆饼日粮在 3头装有瘤胃和真胃瘘管的阉牛中进行 3× 3拉丁方试验 ,研究保护及未保护豆饼蛋白质在瘤胃降解、真胃后消化吸收及吸收蛋白质的利用率的差异。结果表明 ,新型保护剂保护豆饼明显降低豆饼蛋白质在瘤胃的降解率 (p<0 .0 1 ) ,增加日粮过瘤胃蛋白质量 ,而不影响蛋白质在小肠的消化率及氮的沉积效率 ,但甲醛保护豆饼会导致吸收蛋白质的沉积效率明显下降 (p<0 .0 1 ) 相似文献
5.
6.
对玉米秸和稻草用30％水、3％尿素和4％石灰进行处理，用尼龙袋法测定了处理前后32种粗饲料的降解法;用持续人工瘤胃法研究了处理玉米秸、处理稻草和羊草为粗饲料配合日粮的降解规律．结果表明，化学处理使玉米秸的降解率从40．05％（P＜0．05）．3种粗饲料日粮合成微生物蛋白质的效率相似（P＞0．05）． 相似文献
7.
为研究几种鹿常用饲料原料的蛋白质瘤胃降解规律,以4头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年雄性梅花鹿为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对棉籽粕、玉米胚芽粕、菜籽粕、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、玉米蛋白粉、玉米纤维及羊草的蛋白质瘤胃降解率进行测定。结果表明:1)棉籽粕的蛋白质瘤胃降解率始终最高,与其他几种饲料原料相比,在各时间点的差异均达到极显著(P<0.01)。2)48 h的蛋白质瘤胃降解率从高到低依次为棉籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、羊草、DDGS、玉米胚芽粕、菜籽粕和玉米纤维,蛋白质瘤胃动态降解率亦呈现相似的变化规律。由此得出,棉籽粕的蛋白质瘤胃降解率较高,生产实践中要考虑进行过瘤胃保护技术,以减少蛋白质资源的浪费;菜籽粕的蛋白质瘤胃降解率较低,是一种待开发利用的蛋白质补充料;玉米胚芽粕、DDGS、玉米蛋白粉、玉米纤维及羊草可作为鹿生产中常用的饲料原料。 相似文献
8.
日粮中精料比例对稻谷和甘薯淀粉的瘤胃降解率影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以３头带瘤胃瘘管肉牛,用尼龙袋法测定了稻谷和甘薯淀粉在日粮精粗比例分别为７５∶２５,６０∶４０,４０∶６０,２５∶７５时的瘤胃降解率,高精料日粮（精粗比７５∶２５）的稻谷淀粉瘤胃降解率明显低于其它日粮（ｐ＜００５）,其降解率分别为４９２１％,６２４８％,６４８８％,６５８７％;而对于甘薯,低精料日粮（精粗比２５∶７５）的淀粉瘤胃降解率明显高于其它日粮（ｐ＜００５）,相应的结果分别为５３３８％,３７２２％,５３０５７％,６３４２％。 相似文献
9.
10.
沈瑞 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2010,31(9):34-34
大豆饼粕是我国最常用的植物性蛋白质饲料．大豆饼粕含蛋白质较高．达40％～45％．必需氨基酸的组成比例也比较好，赖氨酸含量高达3％，蛋氨酸含量较少．仅含0．5％～0．7％。赖氨酸与精氨酸的比例较为恰当．约为100：130；色氨酸（0．68％）和苏氨酸（1．88％）的含量也很高。与玉米等谷实类配合可起到氨基酸互补作用。大豆饼粕适口性好．但价格较高．从经济方面考虑．在高产奶牛日粮中，大豆饼粕可占精料的20％～30％． 相似文献
11.
Eight rumen-fistulated steers were randomly assigned to medium- and high-concentrate diets supplemented with 0, .75, 2.5 and 5% of either sodium bicarbonate or an artificial saliva salts mixture. Each animal was fed for 21 d at 75 g dry matter/kg body weight . 75. Rates of soybean meal (SBM) degradation were predicted by adjusting digestion rates in nylon bags with respective passage rates of chromium-mordanted SBM particles. Measures of rumen fermentation were made during the incubation period. Liquid dilution rate was determined with 51Cr-EDTA. The high-concentrate diet produced higher (P less than .05) liquid dilution rates than the medium-concentrate diet, but there were no differences in response to the two buffers (P greater than .05). The liquid dilution rates averaged across diets for 0, .75, 2.5 and 5% levels of buffer were 6.2, 6.3, 8.5 and 8.7%/h (SE = .03) and passage rates for SBM were 5.2, 5.2, 6.5 and 6.7%/h (SE = .025). The 2.5 and 5% levels of buffer increased the rate of disappearance of SBM from the nylon bags and buffers fed at these levels also increased rumen pH and NH3-N concentration. Rumen pH was correlated with N disappearance from the nylon bag (r = .903, P less than .05). Buffer levels did not affect degradation rates of SBM. 相似文献
12.
Jan J. Olli Åshild Krogdahl Ted S. G. A. M. van den Ingh Lars E. Brattås 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):50-60
Abstract Four processed soybean products were evaluated as protein sources for Atlantic salmon: solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM44), dehulled and solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM50), dehulled full-fat soybean meal (FFSBM) and soybean concentrate (SBC). The soybean products replaced high-quality fish meal at levels corresponding to 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56% soybean protein of total protein. Dietary inclusion of SBC, at the expense of fish meal, did not affect weight gain, carcass lipids, fecal excretion of nutrients or fecal dry matter content significantly. The nutritive value of the SBC protein appeared comparable to that of the fish meal. The three other soybean products impaired performance increasingly with increasing levels of inclusion, indicating lower nutritive value than for the fish meal. The favourable results seen with SBC indicated a great potential of soybean to become an important protein source for Atlantic salmon through improved processing. 相似文献
13.
以3头带瘤胃瘘管肉牛用尼龙袋法对大豆、向日葵粕、花生粕、豆粕、棉仁粕、菜籽粕、鱼粉等7种饲料的瘤胃总氨基酸降解率进行了比较研究 ,其总氨基酸的瘤胃降解率分别为74.55 % ,81.99 % ,40.69 % ,32.87 % ,41.08 % ,35.73 % ,30.60 % ;粗蛋白降解率(X)与总氨基酸降解率(Y)显著相关(Y= -1.90+1.01X(r=0.996,n=7,P<0.01)。不同时间点瘤胃降解残渣中氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例与饲料原样中氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例 ,在瘤胃降解初期相关性较好 ,随瘤胃降解时间延长相关性下降。 相似文献
14.
体外持续发酵法评定反刍动物饲料干物质和蛋白质降解率的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究成功了新持续发酵人工瘤胃装置和方法。研究了该法评定饲料干物质和蛋白质降解率的影响因素及稳定性;测定了6种饲料的干物质和蛋白质降解率并与瘤胃尼龙袋法进行了比较。结果表明该法的稳定性良好,发酵罐内瘤胃液和缓冲液各400ml,缓冲液对发酵罐内容物的稀释率0.0221/小时为宜。用持续发酵法测定的饲料干物质和蛋白质降解率估测瘤胃尼龙袋法降解率的回归式如下: 干物质 Y=-9.38+1.11x r=0.9557,n=6 蛋白质 Y=-1.40+1.01x r=0.9940,n=6 相似文献
15.
反刍家畜常用饲料蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率评定研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本试验探讨了常用饲料在瘤胃的降解特性及非降解饲料的小肠消化率,旨在为研究反刍动物的营养平衡和消化规律及科学配制日粮提供依据。试验选用3头装瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的肉牛,采用尼龙袋法研究反刍动物常用饲料粗蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解参数和表观小肠消化率。结果表明,在本试验中粗蛋白质降解率由低到高的顺序为:酒糟蛋白、黄玉米、羊草、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、棉粕、豆粕、花生饼、啤酒糟、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸;总氨基酸瘤胃降解率由低至高的顺序依次为:酒糟蛋白、黄玉米、羊草、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、豆粕、棉粕、啤酒糟、花生饼、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸。除花生饼、酒糟蛋白和黄玉米外,粗蛋白质和总氨基酸的有效降解率差异不显著(P>0.05)。粗蛋白质的表观小肠消化率由低至高的顺序依次为:苜蓿、羊草、米糠、小麦麸、啤酒糟、玉米胚芽饼、棉粕、菜粕、玉米、酒糟蛋白、花生饼、豆粕;总氨基酸的小肠消化率由低至高的顺序依次为:羊草、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸、啤酒糟、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、棉粕、花生饼、玉米、酒糟蛋白、豆粕。由此可见,不同的饲料瘤胃降解特性是不同的,并且为小肠提供的各种可吸收氨基酸潜力也是不同的。 相似文献
16.
17.
A B McAllan A P Williams J E Cockburn E S Griffith P E Lewis R H Smith 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1986,36(4-5):409-418
Friesian steers, virtually protozoa free, were equipped with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas. They were given diets consisting of approximately equal proportions of ground, pelleted alkali treated straw and a rolled barley, tapioca mixture supplemented with urea + casein (UC), soybean meal (SBM), 'normal' white fishmeal (NDF) or white fishmeal designated as being of 'low' rumen degradability (LDF). The diets were isoenergetic (the protein sources replacing part of the tapioca) and they were given in amounts to supply sufficient metabolizable energy (ME) to support an average growth rate of 0.5 kg/d. Rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN): ME values were estimated to be 2.08, 1.40, 1.90 and 1.66 for diets UC, SBM, NDF and LDF respectively. RNA, alpha-epsilon-diaminopimelic acid and 35S (added as sulphate) were used as bacterial markers. Chromic oxide and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were given as flow markers and flows (g/24 h) at the abomasum of organic matter (OM) and nitrogenous constituents were calculated. Rumen volumes and ruminal liquid fractional outflow rates were measured using PEG. Samples of mixed rumen bacteria separated from strained rumen digesta from animals receiving diet UC contained significantly less DAP-N (0.322 g/kg DM) than those from animals receiving diets SBM, NDF or LDF (0.530 g/kg DM). Mean rumen volume (approximately 15 l) and liquid fractional outflow rates (approximately 0.105/h) were similar on all diets but there was appreciable variation between animals. The proportion of OM intake digested in the rumen was similar on all diets. The proportional contribution of bacterial-N to the total non-ammonia-N passing the abomasum based on mean values derived from DAP and 35S as markers was 0.57, 0.47, 0.39 and 0.31 for diets UC, SBM, NDF and LDF respectively. Corresponding values based on RNA were 0.71, 0.50, 0.48 and 0.35 respectively. Bacterial-N (RNA) flows at the abomasum were 31, 25, 26 and 20 g/d for diets UC, SBM, NDF and LDF respectively. Corresponding values for 35S and DAP were 26, 24, 21 and 18 g/d respectively. Values derived from RNA flows were consistently and significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those based on DAP or 35S. Mean estimated efficiencies of bacterial protein synthesis (g bacterial-N/kg OM truly digested) were 15, 15, 14 and 12 for diets UC, SBM, NDF and LDF respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
18.
Four experiments were conducted to examine the effect of various factors on in situ digestion of feedstuffs in the rumen of Holstein cows. In Exp. 1, the effect of various days, animals and animal diets on in situ digestion was evaluated. Measured disappearance of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) from soybean meal (SBM) suspended in dacron bags was lowest when the host animal was fed a high grain diet. No effect due to animals, day of incubation or period of experimentation was observed. The effect of bag porosity and substrate particle size on DM and N disappearance from bags was studied in Exp. 2. Rip-stop nylon, a material with small pores, appeared to decrease the influx of digesting agents into bags and limited efflux of digested residues from bags when compared with bags made from dacron polyester material. Disappearance of DM and N from SBM and distillers grains (DG) in rip-stop nylon bags was greater when these feedstuffs were in the pulverized form rather than in the commercially processed form. In Exp. 3, dacron and Acropore bags, with pore sizes of 52 and 5 microns, respectively, were used to examine DM and N disappearance, in the rumen of cows, from total mixed diets containing various dietary N sources. Lower DM and N disappearance from Acropore bags was observed for each of the diets regardless of time spent in the rumen; much of the difference was established within the first hour. The effect of formaldehyde treatment on degradation of amino acids from SBM suspended in dacron bags in the rumen for 16 h was studied in Exp. 4. Increased resistance of SBM amino acids to degradation in the rumen was observed as a result of formaldehyde treatment levels as low as .3% by weight. A possible increase in protection of lysine from degradation relative to other amino acids was also observed. 相似文献
19.
本文旨在研究不同水平的益生Ⅰ号替代豆粕对奶牛瘤胃降解率及日粮表观消化率的影响。试验选用四头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康的荷斯坦奶牛。采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,其处理为:A组为基础日粮;B组为益生Ⅰ号替代基础日粮中20%豆粕;C组为益生Ⅰ号替代基础日粮中40%豆粕;D组为益生Ⅰ号替代基础日粮中60%豆粕。试验结果为:益生Ⅰ号明显提高了日粮中DM、CP、ADF和NDF的降解率,其中C组对瘤胃降解率影响效果优于A组、B组和D组,且差异显著(P0.05);对日粮CP、ADF和NDF表观消化率的影响是C组的效果优于A组、B组和D组,且差异显著(P0.05),对DM表观消化率的影响是C组高于A组、B组和D组,但各处理组差异不显著(P0.05);试验结果表明:益生Ⅰ号有利于提高奶牛瘤胃DM、CP、ADF和NDF的降解率,其替代豆粕的最适比例为40%。 相似文献
20.
本研究旨在观察细粉、中粉、未粉和粗粉豆粕(粒径分别为0.60～1.28、1.28～2.50、0.80～5.00和2.50～5.00 mm)干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)在绵羊瘤胃降解率和其日粮DM和CP的表观消化率,为反刍动物精料生产中豆粕适宜的粉碎粒度提供理论依据和技术参数.试验选用4只雄性体重相近装有瘤胃瘘管的成年东北细毛羊为试验动物,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计.尼龙袋和全收粪法测定4种粒度豆粕DM和CP的瘤胃降解率和表观消化率.结果表明,豆粕粉碎粒度越小,其DM和CP在绵羊瘤胃中的降解速度越快;细粉、中粉和未粉豆粕日粮DM(P>0.05)和CP(P<0.05)表观消化率均高于粗粉豆粕日粮,三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05).豆粕粉碎过细在绵羊瘤胃中降解较多,未粉碎豆粕DM和CP在瘤胃降解率显著低于细粉和中粉豆粕(P<0.05或P<0.01),而日粮DM和CP消化率不受影响.结果提示,未粉豆粕可以直接饲喂牛、羊,既可提高豆粕DM和CP的利用效率,又能节省豆粕的粉碎费用. 相似文献