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发酵液体饲料的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
发酵液体饲料在欧洲已广泛使用，并成为当前人们研究的新热点，本文仅从发酵液体饲料对猪的生产性能，胃中酸度及肠道菌群的影响，发酵液体饲料的发酵控制（pH、温度、水料比及日粮组成，发酵促进剂）和发酵液体饲料的应用现状及存在的问题几个方面的研究进展进行论述。 相似文献
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发酵液体饲料在猪日粮中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
发酵液体饲料是利用微生物对饲料进行发酵后的液体饲料。与使用酸化剂相比饲料发酵能产生更多的酸和有益中间产物。因此,饲喂前的精细发酵已经成为液体饲料研究的一个新进展。现代饲料生产中,利用悬浮技术将配合饲料加工成均匀分散的液态饲料。同时,使用有益微生物对饲料进行发酵,最终得到发酵液体饲料。 相似文献
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发酵液体饲料--一种新型饲料的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
早在19世纪末，来自屠宰场的下脚料和肉屑就被作为最初的液体饲料原料，到21世纪的今天，世界各国已开始广泛使用液体饲料，对液体饲料的应用也日益增长。近年来，研究者们发现，液体饲料经发酵较使用酸化剂可产生更多的酸，至此，饲喂前的精细发酵已成为液体饲料的一个新进展。这使得发 相似文献
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固态发酵新技术与反应器的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
微生物发酵方法有两类:液体深层发酵与固态发酵。1945年青霉素的大规模工业化生产开创了液体深层发酵技术及现代发酵工业犤1犦,发酵工程与生化工程也由此应运而生,主要研究对象是纯种培养与大规模产业化。固态发酵古已有之,只因固态发酵技术至今未达到纯种培养与大规模产业化要求,而一直被隔离在现代发酵工业的大门之外,作为传统与落后的代表而被忽视。20世纪90年代以来,随着能源危机与环境问题的日益严重,固态发酵技术以其特有的优点(如无“三废”排放)引起人们极大的兴趣犤2,3犦。固态发酵领域的研究及其在资源环境、蛋白质饲料中的应用取… 相似文献
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文章旨在研究不同发酵温度对液体发酵饲料营养成分、挥发性脂肪酸和活菌数的影响。试验分别设定20、25、30℃三个发酵温度，每个发酵温度设置6个重复，厌氧发酵24?h。试验结果表明，随着发酵温度的升高，饲料中粗蛋白质含量显著提高（P <0.05），粗纤维含量无显著变化（P> 0.05），但总能显著降低（P <0.05）;25和30℃发酵时，液体饲料中乳酸含量显著高于20℃组（P <0.05），但25和30℃之间差异不显著（P> 0.05）；而挥发性脂肪酸方面，25和30℃发酵时，饲料中乙酸和丙酸含量显著高于20℃发酵组（P <0.05），而25和30℃之间的丙酸含量差异不显著（P> 0.05），乙酸含量25℃发酵组高于30℃发酵组（P <0.05）。丁酸含量则随发酵温度升高而显著降低（P <0.05）；液体饲料中的乳酸菌和酵母菌活菌数显著升高（P <0.05），其中25和30℃发酵组酵母菌活菌数无显著差异（P> 0.05）；液体饲料中均未检出沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。 相似文献
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Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:4. By mixing with water, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow’s milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(1)
Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:4.By mixing with water,lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid,acetic acid and ethanol which reduces the pH of the mixture.This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed.In addition,when this low pH mixture is fed,it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract.For piglets,the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water,which may facilitate an easier transition from sow's milk to solid feed.Secondly,offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens.Finally,feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs,weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs.In this review,current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed.This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation.In addition,advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health,intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance. 相似文献
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Fermented liquid feed and fermented grain to piglets- effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A study was carried out to determine the microbial and nutritional characteristics of dry feed, liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grain, and fermented liquid compound feed, and their effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance of piglets. Three dietary treatments were designed: dry feed (DRY); fermented liquid cereal grain feed (FLG); and fermented liquid feed (FLF). The FLF was prepared by removing three times daily 50% of the mixture (feed and water) stored in a tank at 20 °C and replacing it with an equal amount of fresh feed and water. The FLG was similarly prepared but fermenting only the cereals (barley and wheat) and adding the remaining ingredients immediately before feeding. One hundred and twenty weaners were fed the diets during 6 weeks from weaning. The dietary content of lysine (g/100 g protein) was 6.01 in the DRY diet, 6.21 in the FLG diet, and 5.46 in the FLF diet. Feeding piglets with the FLG diet resulted in a higher density of yeasts, a higher concentration of ethanol in the GIT, and a change of the bacterial population of the stomach compared to feeding FLF. The FLG group had a numerically higher daily feed intake and daily body weight gain compared to the FLF group, but the values were not significant. Feeding liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grains as a means of avoiding microbial degradation of free amino acids in the feed and increasing feed intake by improving palatability seems promising. 相似文献
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Amezcua MD Friendship R Dewey C Weese S de Lange CF 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2007,8(3):209-222
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of using fermented liquid whey inoculated with specific lactic acid bacteria of pig origin to reduce the severity and progression of postweaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in weanling pigs challenged with E. coli O149:K91:F4. Based on two trials, it was determined that feeding inoculated fermented whey in a liquid diet did not affect growth performance or the severity or duration of postweaning diarrhea compared with a conventional dry feed containing an antibiotic. Because this study is one of very few examining the use of liquid feed and co-products inoculated with probiotics to control postweaning E. coli diarrhea, more studies are needed to confirm these results. 相似文献
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Lawlor PG Lynch PB Gardiner GE Caffrey PJ O'Doherty JV 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(7):1725-1735
Four experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of feeding postweaning diets as dry pelleted feed, fresh liquid feed, acidified liquid feed, and fermented liquid feed on pig performance from weaning (26 d) to harvest. In Exp. 1 (n = 12 replicates) and 2 (n = 10 replicates), the treatments were 1) dry pelleted feed and 2) fresh liquid feed. In Exp. 1, 2 kg of starter diet (16.7 MJ of DE/kg and 1.6% lysine) per pig and 5 kg of transition diet (16.7 MJ of DE/kg and 1.5% lysine) per pig followed by a weaner diet (14.0 MJ of DE/kg and 1.36% lysine) were offered to 27 d after weaning. In Exp. 3 (n = 8 replicates), the treatments were 1) dry pelleted feed, 2) fresh liquid feed, and 3) acidified liquid feed. In Exp. 4 (n = 8 replicates), the treatments were 1) dry pelleted feed, 2) acidified liquid feed, and 3) fermented liquid feed. In Exp. 2, 3, and 4, 3 kg of starter diet (16.1 MJ of DE/kg and 1.74% lysine) per pig and 6 kg of transition diet (15.3 MJ of DE/kg and 1.5% lysine) per pig followed by a weaner diet (14.0 MJ of DE/kg and 1.36% lysine) was offered to 27 d after weaning. All treatments were balanced for boars and gilts and diets were offered for ad libitum consumption. Acidified liquid feed was produced by adding lactic acid to the liquid feed so that its pH was decreased to 4.0. Fermented liquid feed was produced by adding an inoculum of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 303 (1.3%, vol/wt) to the first mix. In Exp. 1, ADG from weaning to d 27 after weaning was 338 and 286 g/d (SEM = 10; P < 0.01) and DM gain/feed in the same period was 888 and 594 g/kg (SEM = 23.1; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed and fresh liquid feed, respectively. In Exp. 2, ADG was 391 and 352 g/d (SEM = 6.4; P < 0.01) and DM gain/feed was 856 and 642 g/kg (SEM = 9.9; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed and fresh liquid feed, respectively, during the period from weaning to d 27 after weaning. In Exp. 3, ADG was 408, 416, and 433 g/d (SEM = 12.7; P > 0.05) and DM gain/feed was 865, 755, and 789 g/ kg (SEM = 14.5; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed, fresh liquid feed, and acidified liquid feed, respectively. In Exp. 4, ADG was 361, 389, and 347 g/d (SEM = 13.2; P = 0.11) and DM gain/feed was 888, 749, and 733 g/ kg (SEM = 15.8; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed, acidified liquid feed, and fermented liquid feed, respectively, during the period from weaning to d 27 after weaning. It is concluded that although feeding acidified liquid feed may have some merit in the first 27 d after weaning, this benefit is lost in the subsequent period. No benefit arose from feeding fresh liquid feed or fermented liquid feed. Growth performance from d 28 after weaning to harvest was not improved by any liquid feed treatment. 相似文献
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Heres L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2004,129(10):332-335
Salmonella and Campylobacter are undesirable pathogens on poultry. Therefore the effect of fermented feed on the colonization in the gastro-intestinal tract of the chicken, the introduction of both bacteria in a chicken flocks, and the transmission between chickens was studied. Broilers that were fed with fermented feed were significantly less susceptible for Salmonella and Campylobacter than chickens on a standard chicken feed. The spread of Salmonella between broiler chickens was reduced. However, the results also showed, like for other known control measures, that this feed can not absolutely guarantee the absence of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Therefore fermented feed must be seen as one of the hurdles in a so called multiple hurdle strategy. The combination of different hurdles should prevent the introduction and transmission. The effect of fermented feed on Campylobacter and Salmonella is partially caused by the presence of high concentrations of organic acids. In chickens fed with liquid feed the acidic barrier in the first part of the GI-tract was clearly improved. Besides organic acids there are other changes in the GI-tract. Changes in colonization levels of indicator organisms, changes in levels of organic acids and an increased pH in ileum and ceacum. These changes indicate a stabilised GI-flora in fermented feed fed poultry. The research confirmed that by changes in the composition of the feed (carbohydrates, acids, or micro-organisms) the GI-health can be promoted and therewith can contribute to the control of food pathogens in farmed animals. 相似文献
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To investigate the microbial and nutritional characteristics of dry feed, liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grains, and fermented liquid feed, and their effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance, 120 piglets from 40 litters were used and housed in pens with 5 animals in each. The 3 dietary treatments (all nonheated and nonpelleted diets) were: a dry meal diet (DRY); a fermented, liquid cereal grain feed (FLG); and a fermented liquid feed (FLF). The FLG diet was prepared by storing the dietary cereals (barley and wheat) and water (1:2.5, wt/wt) in a closed tank at 20 degrees C and adding the remaining dietary ingredients immediately before feeding. The FLF diet was prepared by storing compound feed and water (1:2.5, wt/wt) in a closed tank at 20 degrees C. Three times daily, 50% of the fermented cereals or compound feed and water stored in the tanks was removed and replaced with an equal amount of fresh cereals or feed and water. On d 14, 1 piglet from each pen was killed and samples from the gastrointestinal tract were obtained. The pH of the fermented cereals was 3.85 (SD = 0.10), that of the FLG diet was 5.00 (SD = 0.18), and the pH of the FLF diet was 4.45 (SD = 0.11). The dietary concentration of lysine (g/16 g of N) pointed to a decreased concentration in the FLF (5.46, SD = 0.08) compared with the DRY (6.01) and FLG (6.21, SD = 0.27) diets, and the concentration of cadaverine was greater in the FLF diet (890 mg/kg, SD = 151.3) than in the DRY (32 mg/kg) or FLG (153 mg/kg, SD = 18.7) diets. Fermenting only the cereal component of the diet (FLG) promoted the growth of yeasts to a greater extent than fermenting the whole diet (FLF). Terminal RFLP profiles of diets and digesta from the stomach and midcolon showed differences among dietary groups. The number of yeasts able to grow at 37 degrees C in the stomach and caudal small intestine was greatest in the FLG group compared with the other 2 dietary groups (P < 0.01). In the cecum and colon, the differences were only significant between piglets fed the FLG and the FLF diets (P < 0.05). The greatest number of yeasts able to grow at 20 degrees C was detected in the animals fed the FLG diet. However, the values were different from the FLF-fed piglets only in the stomach (P < 0.05) and midcolon (P < 0.05). There was a tendency (P < 0.10) for greater ADG of the piglets fed the FLG compared with the FLF diet. Feeding liquid feed containing fermented, liquid cereal grains as a means of avoiding microbial decarboxylation of free amino acids in the feed and increasing feed intake by improving palatability seems promising but requires further investigation. 相似文献
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The effect of fibre degrading enzymes in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum on feed viscosity and pH and on solubilisation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was studied in vitro using diets composed of cereals and soybean meal. The diet was incubated over time up to 24 h as liquid feed or liquid feed added L. plantarum and in addition both feeds were treated without or with fibre degrading enzymes.
Spontaneous fermentation developed in the liquid feed without L. plantarum and became noticeable after a period of 6 to 8 h, when pH began to drop. From 8 to 24 h there was a slow but steady reduction in pH down to a level of about pH 4.3. This development was irrespective of enzyme supplementation level. The L. plantarum treatment had already reached a pH of 4.2 after 8 h and a pH of 3.6 after 24 h.
The viscosity was reduced with supplementation with a high enzyme dose (6000 FXU and 600 FBG per kg diet), compared to the control diet (without enzymes). Treatment with L. plantarum (1.8 × 1011 CFU/kg feed) increased the viscosity over time, even with enzyme supplementation, compared to the control treatment.
Diets without and with enzyme supplementation and pre-treated as dry feed (control), liquid feed (incubated for 8 h) or liquid feed fermented with L. plantarum (incubated for 24 h), were subjected to an in vitro digestion procedure. Both pre-treatment as liquid feed and enzyme supplementation lead to a reduction in dry matter and in the insoluble NSP fraction during digestion in comparison with the control based on the original dry feed.
It may be concluded that enzyme supplementation to liquid or fermented feed may cause a reduction in the insoluble dietary fibre content as well as a reduction in feed viscosity, while the pH is not influenced. 相似文献