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1.
Organic solvent extractions of Zelkova oregoniana, a Miocene angiosperm compression fossil, indicate the chemical preservation of kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol, an n-alkane chain length range of 10 to 32 carbons, hydroxy acids, steranes, triterpenoids, and methyl pheophorbide a. This appears to be the oldest occurrence of flavonoids in fossil sediments reported. 相似文献
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Pollen of the primitive angiosperm family Winteraceae has been discovered in the Aptian-Albian of Israel, extending the fossil record of this phylogenetically important family of flowering plants from the uppermost Upper Cretaceous back some 40 million years to the upper Lower Cretaceous. This appears to represent the earliest known record of a magnolialean angiosperm family and is convincing evidence for the existence in the Early Cretaceous of an extant family of angiosperms. 相似文献
3.
Collections of well-preserved angiosperm flowers from the Middle Eocene of southeastern North America include a variety of morphological types. The first of these specimens to be studied extensively, a catkin, has yielded a great deal of structural information. Floral morphology, pollen morphology, and the nature of the peltate scales suggest that this catkin is allied with extant genera of the Juglandaceae. This confirms the antiquity of some of the diagnostic floral and pollen features found in extant genera of the Juglandaceae and the importance of structural information available from fossil angiosperm flowers. 相似文献
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The legumes are an important group of flowering plants with a poorly documented evolutionary history. New fossil evidence provides data on the timing of the origin of the two derived subfamilies of legumes (the Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae). These data strongly suggest the importance of bee pollinators during a major period of angiosperm diversification. 相似文献
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Early angiosperm leaves from the Aptian (113 to 119 million years ago) Baqueró Formation of Patagonia have been found in a fossil flora dominated by more than 100 species of gymnosperms and pteridophytes. They may be the first early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves to be reported from southern South America and one of the few reported in the Southern Hemisphere. The leaves are large, lobate, craspedodromous, and dentate (A-1 teeth) and have ramified tertiary veins and random fourth-order venation. Several of these features have been found in coeval and younger strata elsewhere, but not in the same combination. They were probably a marginal component of the flora. 相似文献
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Cycads: fossil evidence of late paleozoic origin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mamay SH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,164(3877):295-296
Plant fossils from Lower Permian strata of the southwestern United States have been interpreted as cycadalean megasporophylls. They are evidently descended from spermopterid elements of the Pennsylvanian Taeniopteris complex; thus the known fossil history of the cycads is extended from the Late Triassic into the late Paleozoic. Possible implications of the Permian fossils toward evolution of the angiosperm carpel are considered. 相似文献
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Reisz RR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4294):1091-1093
Petrolacosaurus, an Upper Pennsylvanian reptile, presents a combination of features that place it within a distinct family of the Eosuchia while also evidencing strong relationships to the ancestral reptiles. It is therefore the earliest and most primitive representative of the largest assemblage of fossil and living reptiles, collectively called diapsids. 相似文献
8.
Simpson GG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,171(3976):1144-1145
Spheniscus predemersus, new species, from the late Pliocene of Langebaanweg, Cape Province, is the first fossil penguin to be described from Africa. It is closely related and possibly ancestral to the living species, Spheniscus demnersus, of southern and southwestern Africa. 相似文献
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The discovery of an existing member of the Glypheidae, a family believed to have been extinct since the Eocene, may yield significant information on the evolution and classification of the decapod Crustacea. The single known specimen displays characters not apparent in fossil material, some of them perhaps representative of an ancestral decapod lineage, others reminiscent of the Astacidea and Thalassinidea. 相似文献
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Dehal P Satou Y Campbell RK Chapman J Degnan B De Tomaso A Davidson B Di Gregorio A Gelpke M Goodstein DM Harafuji N Hastings KE Ho I Hotta K Huang W Kawashima T Lemaire P Martinez D Meinertzhagen IA Necula S Nonaka M Putnam N Rash S Saiga H Satake M Terry A Yamada L Wang HG Awazu S Azumi K Boore J Branno M Chin-Bow S DeSantis R Doyle S Francino P Keys DN Haga S Hayashi H Hino K Imai KS Inaba K Kano S Kobayashi K Kobayashi M Lee BI Makabe KW Manohar C Matassi G Medina M Mochizuki Y Mount S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5601):2157-2167
The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi. 相似文献
11.
Barreda VD Palazzesi L Tellería MC Katinas L Crisci JV Bremer K Passalia MG Corsolini R Rodríguez Brizuela R Bechis F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,329(5999):1621
Fossil capitula and pollen grains of Asteraceae from the Eocene of Patagonia, southern Argentina, exhibit morphological features recognized today in taxa, such as Mutisioideae and Carduoideae, that are phylogenetically close to the root of the asteracean tree. This fossil supports the hypothesis of a South American origin of Asteraceae and an Eocene age of divergence and suggests that an ancestral stock of Asteraceae may have formed part of a geoflora developed in southern Gondwana before the establishment of effective dispersal barriers within this landmass. 相似文献
12.
Specimens of the small bivalved animal Fordilla troyensis Barrande from New York State show that this fossil is the oldest known pelecypod mollusk and not a conchostracan arthropod. This finding extends the range of the class Pelecypoda backward in time from the Early Ordovician (about 495 million years ago) to the Early Cambrian (about 540 to 570 million years ago). The morphology of Fordilla troyensis suggests that it lived infaunally and that it was ancestral to the pelecypod subclasses Heteroconchia and Isofilibranchia. 相似文献
13.
于淑玲 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,34(7):72-76
采用植物区系地理学的研究方法,对河北省临城县小天池林区被子植物区系的组成和地理成分进行了研究。结果表明,临城县小天池林区有被子植物88科,301属,555种(包括14变种);含10种以上的优势科有14科,305种;表征科有7科;中国特有属有5属6种。该植物区的被子植物主要以北温带成分为主(共计有98属,221种,分别占总属数和总种数的37.69%和46.9 2%),这表明小天池被子植物区系具有明显的温带性质。 相似文献
14.
Jackson DJ Macis L Reitner J Degnan BM Wörheide G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5833):1893-1895
Sponges (phylum Porifera) were prolific reef-building organisms during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic approximately 542 to 65 million years ago. These ancient animals inherited components of the first multicellular skeletogenic toolkit from the last common ancestor of the Metazoa. Using a paleogenomics approach, including gene- and protein-expression techniques and phylogenetic reconstruction, we show that a molecular component of this toolkit was the precursor to the alpha-carbonic anhydrases (alpha-CAs), a gene family used by extant animals in a variety of fundamental physiological processes. We used the coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana, a "living fossil" that has survived from the Mesozoic, to provide insight into the evolution of the ability to biocalcify, and show that the alpha-CA family expanded from a single ancestral gene through several independent gene-duplication events in sponges and eumetazoans. 相似文献
15.
Recent collections from plant-bearing deposits of Cenomanian age in central Kansas have yielded angiosperm axes with helically arranged, seed-bearing, conduplicate carpels. Large leaves associated with these fruits are thought to represent parts of the same kind of plant because the leaves and fruits are the only plant fossils at this locality to have distinctive, morphologically identical, yellow bodies within their carbonaceous remains. These fossils provide a rare opportunity to study the morphology of an ancient angiosperm and illustrate the antiquity of certain features considered primitive by comparative angiosperm morphologists. 相似文献
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评述了被子植物分类依据。形态学资料应用最广,是被子植物分类的基础,特别是生殖器官的形态特征,但形态分类并不能解决被子植物分类的一切问题。细胞学资料是植物分类的重要补充,它可以解决形态分类难以解决的遗留问题。化学资料可为某些属及属以上的类群演化提供重要线索。现代分子生物学资料能解决植物分类上一些长期争论的问题,特别是一些高级分类阶元的归属问题,对建立系统发育树有重要的帮助。微形态学也给被子植物分类提供有价值的资料。在应用这些资料时,一定要参考形态资料,综合考虑,才能建立一个真正能反映被子植物亲缘关系的分类系统。 相似文献
18.
The latitudinally diachronous appearance of angiosperm pollen during the Cretaceous is well documented, but the subsequent diversification and accompanying significant changes in floristic dominance have not been assessed quantitatively for a wide range of paleolatitudes. Trend surfaces fitted to within-palynoflora diversity data from 1125 pollen and spore assemblages show that angiosperms first become floristically prominent in low paleolatitude areas( approximately 20 degrees N to 20 degrees S). Non-magnoliid dicotyledons show a similar but slightly delayed pattern of increase and are the principal component of angiosperm diversity from all areas sampled. Monocotyledons and magnoliid dicotyledons are significant primarily in low to middle paleolatitude palynofloras( approximately 50 degrees N to 20 degrees S) during the latest Cretaceous. As angiosperms become increasingly prevalent the importance of most non-angiosperm taxa either decreases or remains unchanged. The only apparent exception is a striking increase in gnetalean diversity concurrent with the initial angiosperm diversification at low paleolatitudes. 相似文献
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