共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
转基因抗虫棉sGK9708与不同类型品种杂种的遗传及优势分析 总被引：4，自引：7，他引：4
利用转基因抗虫棉sGK9708与7个常规棉、7个优质棉、8个转Bt基因抗虫棉和6个彩色棉品系分别配制杂交组合,对其性状的遗传效应和杂种优势进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)常规棉、优质棉和转基因抗虫棉类型的子棉产量以显性效应为主,加性效应也起较大作用,纤维品质性状的遗传变异主要来自于加性效应。(2)彩色棉类型的子棉产量性状以加性效应起主导作用,纤维品质等性状的遗传变异受显性和加性效应共同控制。(3)转基因抗虫棉类型的衣分和铃重具有极显著的显性效应,常规棉类型以加性效应为主导,优质棉和彩色棉类型由加性和显性效应共同决定。(4)彩色棉类型的子棉产量性状具有负向群体超亲优势,纤维长度和强度具有一定的正向群体超亲优势。 相似文献
2.
高品质陆地棉与不同类型品种杂种的遗传及优势分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
比较分析了高品质棉与高品质棉、常规品质转Bt基因抗虫棉杂交组合主要性状的遗传效应和杂种优势。结果表明,两类杂种的子棉产量存在极显著的加性和显性效应;高×高杂种的株铃数和铃重具有极显著的显性效应,高×常抗杂种受加性和显性效应共同控制;两类杂种的纤维品质性状以加性效应为主,但显性效应对纤维长度也起较大作用。高×高杂种的F1子棉产量和株铃数具有正向超亲优势,高×常抗杂种表现为负向超亲优势;两类杂种的纤维长度和麦克隆值具有较小的正向平均优势,比强度具有负优势。高×高杂种可以在保持亲本良好品质的基础上,利用产量和产量性状的正向超亲优势来提高产量。 相似文献
3.
陆地棉不同群体主要性状的遗传力及杂种优势分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以1个高强纤维品系为父本,6个常规棉品系、5个转Bt基因抗虫棉品系和5个彩色棉品系为母本配制杂交组合,利用AD模型,分析了3个群体杂交组合主要性状的遗传力和杂种优势表现。结果表明,常规棉群体和抗虫棉群体的衣分、籽棉产量等性状基因显性效应对杂种一代性状形成起主导作用,彩色棉群体的籽棉产量受加性和非加性效应共同控制,而衣分的遗传变异主要来自基因的加性效应。常规棉群体的比强度以显性效应为主,抗虫棉和彩色棉群体的比强度以加性效应为主。3类群体中2．5％跨长和马克隆值的遗传效应均以加性效应为主,同时受非加性效应的影响也较大。常规棉群体和抗虫棉群体的产量性状有一定的杂种优势,纤维长度和细度基本上没有优势,纤维强度有显著的负优势,但彩色棉群体的纤维长度和强度有一定的正向优势。因而,在品种改良上,可以利用常规棉和转基因抗虫棉的杂种优势大幅度提高产量,利用彩色棉的杂种优势来提高纤维品质。 相似文献
4.
陆海种间杂交纤维品质性状的遗传及其F1群体优势分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以4个陆地棉品种（系）和3个海岛棉品种为亲本配制不完全双列杂交组合12个,采用包括基因型×环境互作的加性-显性（AD）遗传模型,通过对亲本和F1的2年随机区组试验数据分析,结果为：纤维整齐度受环境的影响较大,纤维长度、强度、麦克隆值及伸长率受环境的影响较小,纤维品质性状的遗传主要受遗传因素控制;所有的性状都存在显著或极显著的显性效应;麦克隆值只受显性效应控制,其它4个性状还存在极显著的加性效应;强度以加性效应为主,长度、整齐度和伸长率的显性效应值分别大于相应的加性效应值;所有性状的加性效应和显性效应与环境之间的互作效应都很小。长度、强度、麦克隆值和伸长率的广义遗传率都非常高,整齐度的广义遗传率较小。这些结果表明,除纤维强度外陆海杂种纤维品质性状的遗传中显性遗传效应明显,与陆陆杂种及海海杂种以加性遗传效应为主的结果不同。长度、强度、整齐度和伸长率具有明显的正向群体平均优势;麦克隆值有显著的负向群体平均优势和群体超亲优势。通过陆海杂交利用海岛棉的优质纤维性状时,强度宜早代选择,而其它性状的选择不宜太早。 相似文献
5.
陆地棉棕色纤维色泽的遗传效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以2个棕色和3个白色纤维陆地棉做完全双列杂交,分析陆地棉棕色纤维的遗传效应、长绒与短绒的遗传相关及F1的色泽差异。用扫描仪获取长绒和短绒图像,利用Photoshop 9.0获取图像RGB信息、量化纤维色泽。按照QGAStation软件中的ADM和AD模型,采用MINQUE法分析,调整无偏预测法(AUP)预测各遗传效应值。结果表明,棕色棉的长绒和短绒的遗传规律一致,其加性和显性遗传方差均极显著,其中,长绒的加性遗传方差比率为0.8501,约为显性遗传方差比率的6倍,短绒的加性遗传方差比率为0.8726,约为显性遗传方差比率的8倍;相关分析显示长绒和短绒的基因型和表现型均达显著相关,基因型相关系数达0.9935;5个亲本加性效应均不相同,但均达极显著水平,其中,棕色棉为正效应,白色棉为负效应。说明棕色纤维陆地棉的长绒和短绒色泽的遗传变异主要来自加性和显性效应,其中加性效应起主导作用;长绒和短绒的色泽遗传存在连锁和互作;因不同品种(系)的加性效应大小不同,造成不同F1纤维色泽的表现差异。 相似文献
6.
Summary Inheritance of resistance to the Punjab isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae of bacterial blight disease of rice was studied in seven breeding lines resistant to the disease. The results revealed that resistance in breeding lines PAU 122-73-1-4-1, PAU 164-102-1-2-1-1-1, KJT 24, IR 5657-33-2-1-2 and IR 22082-41-2-2 was controlled by single dominant genes allelic to the dominant gene which confers resistance to the Punjab isolate in Patong 32. Resistance to the Punjab isolate in breeding lines IET 7172 and RP 2151-40-1 was found to be controlled by single recessive resistance genes allelic to one of the recessive resistance genes present in BJ 1. The two genes are independently inherited and are being used to develop bacterial blight resistant varieties. 相似文献
7.
Summary Studies were conducted to determine the inheritance and allelic relationships of genes controlling resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in seven wheat germplasm lines previously identified as resistant to RWA. The seven resistant lines were crossed to a susceptible wheat cultivar Carson, and three resistant wheats, CORWA1, PI294994 and PI243781, lines carrying the resistance genes Dn4, Dn5 and Dn6, respectively. Seedlings of the parents, F1 and F2 were screened for RWA resistance in the greenhouse by artificial infestation. Seedling reactions were evaluated 21 to 28 days after the infestation using a 1 to 9 scale. All the F1 hybrids had equal or near equal levels of resistance to the resistant parent indicating dominant gene control. Only two distinctive classes were present and no intermediate types were observed in the F2 segregation suggesting major gene actions. The resistance in PI225262 was controlled by two dominant genes. Resistance in all other lines was controlled by a single dominant gene. KS92WGRC24 appeared to have the same resistance gene as PI243781 and STARS-9302W-sib had a common allele with PI294994. The other lines had genes different from the three known genes. 相似文献
8.
绿色棉遗传规律分析及其对产量和纤维品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过天然红叶绿色棉和绿叶白色棉的杂交,统计分析F1,F2代叶与纤维色泽的遗传分离规律,以及色素对纤维生长的影响。验证了红叶色素和绿色长绒色素性状是由两对位于两条染色体上,由独立遗传的不完全显性基因控制;而绿短绒为完全显性遗传,并且与绿长绒性状位于同一染色体上,由两对非等位基因控制,其遗传距离为1.26 cM。同时, t测验统计分析结果显示,绿纤维棉株的衣分和绒长极显著低于白色棉,说明纤维中绿色色泽有阻碍棉花纤维生长发育作用;红叶对铃重与铃数以及纤维长度和衣分都没有显著影响。因此,在改良彩棉纤维色泽的同时要与提高纤维品质研究相结合,达到共同提高的目的。 相似文献
9.
Utilization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm for genetic improvement of fiber properties requires determination of genetic effects in the germplasm lines. A study was designed to analyze genetic populations derived from multiple crosses between nine germplasm lines as male parents and five cultivars and elite breeding lines as female parents to determine genetic values of fiber properties. Parents and F2 populations were planted at 2 field sites in 2010 and 2011 with 4 and 3 replicates, respectively, and parents and F3 populations were planted at 2 field sites in 2011 with 3 replicates. Lint yield and seven fiber properties were analyzed by an additive and dominant model with genotype by environment interaction effects. Significant additive and dominant effects were identified for both lint yield and fiber properties. Germplasm lines JC60, JC65, JC186, and SP205 were good general combiners for micronaire, elongation, strength, 50 % span length, short fiber content, and fineness. Six to fifteen crosses were detected with favorable heterozygous dominant effects for lint yield and diverse fiber traits, which suggest useful heterosis of these hybrids. Favorable additive correlations were identified between fiber properties such as micronaire versus 50 % span length (?0.57), micronaire versus fineness (0.82), strength versus 50 % span length (0.54), strength versus short fiber content (?0.69), and 50 % span length versus short fiber content (?0.78) while unfavorable additive correlations were not identified among fiber properties. These results indicated potential of simultaneous genetic improvement for these multiple properties in breeding populations derived from these germplasm lines. 相似文献
10.
Summary In studies of the inheritance of resistance, pea seedlings of seven lines in which stems and leaves were both resistant to Mycosphaerella pinodes were crossed with a line in which they were both susceptible. With seven of the crosses resistance was dominant to susceptibility. When F2 progenies of five crosses were inoculated on either stems or leaves independently, phenotypes segregated in a ratio of 3 resistant: 1 susceptible indicating that a single dominant gene controlled resistance. F2 progenies of one other cross gave ratios with a better fit to 9 resistant: 7 susceptible indicating that two co-dominant genes controlled resistance. The F2 progeny of another cross segregated in complex ratios indicating multigene resistance.When resistant lines JI 97 and JI 1089 were crossed with a susceptible line and leaves and stems of each F2 plant were inoculated, resistance phenotypes segregated independently demonstrating that leaf and stem resistance were controlled by different genes. In two experiments where the F2 progeny of the cross JI 97×JI 1089 were tested for stem and leaf resistance separately, both characters segregated in a ratio of 15 resistant:1 susceptible indicating that these two resistant lines contain two non-allelic genes for stem resistance (designated Rmp1 and Rmp2) and two for leaf resistance (designated Rmp3 and Rmp4). Evidence that the gene for leaf resistance in JI 1089 is located in linkage group 4 of Pisum sativum is presented. 相似文献
11.
陆地棉有色纤维基因遗传及其对产量和品质的影响 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
用５个不同来源的有色纤维陆地棉材料（３个棕色棉、２个绿色棉）与２个白色棉配制１０个杂交组合,分析其后代的纤维颜色遗传情况。试验表明,陆地棉有色纤维性状受不完全显性单基因控制。同时采用经测验具有良好等基因性的两对近等基因系,研究有色纤维基因对产量、品质等共１５个性状的影响。结果表明,有色纤维基因对皮棉产量、衣分、纤维长度、比强度、麦克隆值、抗病性有负效应,对子指有正效应,影响程度与遗传背景有关,对子棉产量、铃重、单株成铃、株高、果枝数等性状无明显不良反映。但结合有效选择,通过杂交、回交等方法对原有色棉亲本的产量、品质性状可有一定程度的改良 相似文献
12.
Genetic basis of adult plant leaf rust resistance in three released Indian wheat cultivars viz. DWR195, RAJ3765 and HP1731
was investigated through detailed inheritance study under controlled polythene house condition at Flowerdale, India. The F2, F3, F4 and F5 generations were analyzed with the most frequent and virulent Indian leaf rust pathotype 121R63-1. Two complementary recessive
genes imparted resistance in DWR195, two complementary dominant genes governed the resistance of RAJ3765 whereas two independent
dominant genes were involved in the resistance of HP1731. The genes responsible for adult plant resistance in the three cultivars
were not allelic. The two complementary genes of DWR195 and two independent dominant genes of HP1731 have been isolated as
single gene lines. Utilization of resistance from HP1731, which carries two independent dominant genes, will be easy as compared
to DWR195 and RAJ3765. 相似文献
13.
棉花纤维强度主效QTLs分子标记辅助选择及聚合效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2个纤维品质优异材料0-153和新陆早24与2个大面积推广品种鲁棉研28和冀棉516为亲本,配制了(冀棉516×0-153)×(冀棉516×新陆早24)(Pop1)、(鲁棉研28×0-153)×(鲁棉研28×新陆早24)(Pop2)组合的双交F1群体,对3个纤维强度主效QTLs连锁的4个SSR标记进行辅助选择,并对不同QTLs的聚合效应进行了研究。结果表明,4个标记的选择都表现出显著的遗传效应,在2个群体中纯合显性基因/显性基因单株平均纤维比强度在31.21~32.62 cN·tex-1,杂合基因型单株平均纤维比强度在30.77~32.50 cN·tex-1,单个标记的选择效应在0.80~1.51 cN·tex-1;QTL-1×QTL-3和QTL-2×QTL-3组合在2个群体中同时聚合该2个QTLs时单株平均纤维比强度达到33.40~34.08 cN·tex-1,与2个QTLs均无单株相比选择效应在2.73~3.56cN·tex-1,与只含有其中1个QTL单株相比选择效应在1.12~3.02 cN·tex-1。此外,聚合效应分析表明,QTL-1与QTL-2可能是同一个QTL,QTL-2与QTL-3之间存在明显的上位效应。本研究进一步明确了开展纤维强度的分子标记辅助聚合育种是可行的。 相似文献
14.
Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), is a serious pest of small grains in many countries. A previous study screened 70 genotypes, collected from
different parts of Iran, for RWA resistance. Four crosses were made between two resistant lines (Shz.W-102 and Shz.W-104)
and two susceptible lines (Shz.W-101 and Shz.W-103). Parents, F1, F2, and BCF1 seedlings were screened for RWA resistance in the greenhouse by artificial infection. To determine allelism, the two resistant
lines were intercrossed and F1, and F2 seedlings were evaluated. Resistance in Shz.W-102 and Shz.W-104, when crossed with Shz.W-101, was controlled by one dominant
gene. However, resistance in Shz.W-102 and Shz.W-104, when crossed with Shz.W-103, was controlled by two dominant genes. Genes
in two resistant lines segregated independently of each other. A three-gene system was proposed to govern resistance in the
lines under study .
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
柱头性状是影响水稻不育系异交繁殖和杂交水稻制种产量的重要性状。为创制长柱头、高外露率的水稻温敏核不育系提供遗传信息,调查了短柱头、低外露率的粳型光温敏核不育系7001S和长柱头、高外露率的温敏核不育系紫泰S及其杂交、自交获得的F_1、F_2群体(350个株系)和F2:3群体(320个株系)的4个柱头性状,分析了4个性状之间的相关性,并运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对2个世代4个性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明,4个柱头性状间均表现出极显著正相关,相关系数介于0.262和0.895之间。柱头长度、花柱长度、柱头和花柱总长度(以下简称柱花总长度)均表现出受2对主效基因和微效基因共同控制,除F_2群体中柱花总长度的2对主基因表现为等加性效应和等显性效应外,其余均表现为加性-显性-上位性效应,3个性状均表现出以主基因间的上位性效应为主;F_2群体柱头外露率受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+多基因控制,而F2:3群体则表现为受1对加性-显性主基因+多基因控制,以主基因间的加性效应为主。2个世代中的4个柱头性状均以主基因遗传为主。 相似文献
16.
17.
Identification and Genetic Studies of the Inhibition of Dominant Male Sterility in Brassica napus 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
By transferring dominant male sterility (DMS), caused by the gene Ms, to genotypes with various types of cytoplasm 12 DMS lines were developed and a number of crosses made between the DMS lines and other genotypes of Brassica napus. During the course of this population improvement programme, 16 genotypes were identified as having the capacity to restore the fertility of F1 plants with the Ms gene. According to pedigree analysis, the inhibitory gene in those lines probably originated from a few genotypes from Australia and Germany. In further studies the inheritance of the sterility inhibition was determined, providing definite evidence that dominant male sterility and its inhibition in B. napus are controlled by two dominant interacting genes rather than by multiple alleles. 相似文献
18.
太谷核不育小麦在育种上的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用太谷核不育小麦受单个显性雄性不育基因控制的遗传特点,建立了一系列的育种方案,并付诸实施,已选育出21个品系和一大批优异单株材料.其中Ta_186221品系两年比对照冀麦7号分别增产24.2%和13.7%,且早熟6天. 相似文献
19.
New sources of dwarfing genes were identified from accessions of Avena fatua in Japan and Korea. The dwarfing genes were transferred from backcrossed and self‐pollinated relatives to the cultivated oat ‘Kanota’. In the cultivated form, the dominant dwarfing gene Dw8 showed a relatively lower transmission rate than recessive, semi‐dominant and nondwarfing genes and was characterized by a distinct link with wild gene cluster. This was also supported by the high transmission rate of wild specific SSR alleles. Four dwarf inbred lines (L153, L169a, L169b and L812) were identified as involving a single recessive dwarfing gene(s). The recessive dwarfing genes that showed normal and stable transmission rates in BC1F3 were first reported in hexaploid oats. The L169 segregated two different recessive dwarf lines in BC1, which were selected as semi‐ (L169a) and extreme‐ (L169b) dwarf lines. The L169a was a good genotype with a high grain yield. L288 is a semi‐dwarf line conditioned by a semi‐dominant dwarfing gene, with a unilateral panicle, large florets and good grain quality due to strong resistance to lodging. L342 had a short peduncle, making the panicle compact, and its phenotype was similar to the dwarfness controlled by Dw7, but the dwarfing genes were different. 相似文献
20.
根据ADAA遗传模型分析了7个转基因抗虫棉亲本、两个非转基因抗虫亲本和36个半双列杂交F1的纤维品质性状的两年资料,估算各项遗传方差和成对性状间的遗传相关性。结果表明,转基因抗虫棉纤维品质的5个性状受加性、显性和上位性的共同控制,其中麦克隆值、2.5%纤维长度和纤维比强度以基因显性效应为主,麦克隆值和纤维整齐度以上位性效应为主。除纤维比强度外,其余4个纤维品质性状都受到环境互作效应的影响,且影响较大。遗传相关分析表明,纤维比强度与2.5%纤维长度的基因型相关和表型值相关达极显著水平,其中加性相关未达显著水平,显性相关达极显著水平。比强度与麦克隆值的基因加性相关也达极显著水平,但表型相关未达显著水平。利用亲本和F1的资料预测了F2的基因型值和杂种优势。结果表明,F2代的麦克隆值、伸长率、2.5%纤维长度、整齐度、纤维比强度的中亲优势分别为1.0%, 8.5%, 0.8%, 0和2.9%, 无超亲优势。 相似文献