共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
Gu Y Filippi MD Cancelas JA Siefring JE Williams EP Jasti AC Harris CE Lee AW Prabhakar R Atkinson SJ Kwiatkowski DJ Williams DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5644):445-449
The Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Rac1 and Rac2 are critical signaling regulators in mammalian cells. The deletion of both Rac1 and Rac2 murine alleles leads to a massive egress of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) into the blood from the marrow, whereas Rac1-/- but not Rac2-/- HSC/Ps fail to engraft in the bone marrow of irradiated recipient mice. In contrast, Rac2, but not Rac1, regulates superoxide production and directed migration in neutrophils, and in each cell type, the two GTPases play distinct roles in actin organization, cell survival, and proliferation. Thus, Rac1 and Rac2 regulate unique aspects of hematopoietic development and function. 相似文献
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Signals propagated through the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) are vital for the development and survival of B lymphocytes in both the bone marrow and the periphery. These signals not only guide maturation and activation but also affect the removal of potentially self-reactive B lymphocytes. Interestingly, these signals are known to be either ligand-independent ("tonic" signals) or induced by ligand (antigen) binding to the BCR. We focus on the problems that occur in B cell development due to defects in signals emanating from the BCR. In addition, we present the B Cell Antigen Receptor Pathway, an STKE Connections Map that illustrates the events involved in B cell signaling. 相似文献
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Pappu R Cheng AM Li B Gong Q Chiu C Griffin N White M Sleckman BP Chan AC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1949-1954
Linker proteins function as molecular scaffolds to localize enzymes with substrates. In B cells, B cell linker protein (BLNK) links the B cell receptor (BCR)-activated Syk kinase to the phosphoinositide and mitogen-activated kinase pathways. To examine the in vivo role of BLNK, mice deficient in BLNK were generated. B cell development in BLNK-/- mice was blocked at the transition from B220+CD43+ progenitor B to B220+CD43- precursor B cells. Only a small percentage of immunoglobulin M++ (IgM++), but not mature IgMloIgDhi, B cells were detected in the periphery. Hence, BLNK is an essential component of BCR signaling pathways and is required to promote B cell development. 相似文献
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Mammalian epidermis is maintained by self-renewal of stem cells, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Deletion of Rac1, a Rho guanosine triphosphatase, in adult mouse epidermis stimulated stem cells to divide and undergo terminal differentiation, leading to failure to maintain the interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. Rac1 exerts its effects in the epidermis by negatively regulating c-Myc through p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) phosphorylation. We conclude that a pleiotropic regulator of cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in controlling exit from the stem cell niche and propose that Rac and Myc represent a global stem cell regulatory axis. 相似文献
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Lang P Stolpa JC Freiberg BA Crawford F Kappler J Kupfer A Cambier JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5508):1537-1540
Previous findings suggest that during cognate T cell-B cell interactions, major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II molecules transduce signals, leading to Src-family kinase activation, Ca2+ mobilization, and proliferation. Here, we show that antigen stimulation of resting B cells induces MHC class II molecules to associate with Immunoglobulin (Ig)-alpha/Ig-beta (CD79a/CD79b) heterodimers, which function as signal transducers upon MHC class II aggregation by the T cell receptor (TCR). The B cell receptor (BCR) and MHC class II/Ig-alpha/Ig-beta are distinct complexes, yet class II-associated Ig-alpha/beta appears to be derived from BCR. Hence, Ig-alpha/beta are used in a sequential fashion for transduction of antigen and cognate T cell help signals. 相似文献
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Li B Yu H Zheng W Voll R Na S Roberts AW Williams DA Davis RJ Ghosh S Flavell RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5474):2219-2222
T helper 1 (TH1) cells mediate cellular immunity, whereas TH2 cells potentiate antiparasite and humoral immunity. We used a complementary DNA subtraction method, representational display analysis, to show that the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 is expressed selectively in murine TH1 cells. Rac induces the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) promoter through cooperative activation of the nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Tetracycline-regulated transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Rac2 in T cells exhibited enhanced IFN-gamma production. Dominant-negative Rac inhibited IFN-gamma production in murine T cells. Moreover, T cells from Rac2-/- mice showed decreased IFN-gamma production under TH1 conditions in vitro. Thus, Rac2 activates TH1-specific signaling and IFN-gamma gene expression. 相似文献
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Benvenuti F Hugues S Walmsley M Ruf S Fetler L Popoff M Tybulewicz VL Amigorena S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5687):1150-1153
Upon maturation, dendritic cells (DCs) acquire the unique ability to activate na?ve T cells. We used time-lapse video microscopy and two-photon imaging of intact lymph nodes to show that after establishing initial contact between their dendrites and na?ve T lymphocytes, mature DCs migrate toward the contacted lymphocytes. Subsequently, the DCs tightly entrap the T cells within a complex net of membrane extensions. The Rho family guanosine triphosphatases Rac1 and Rac2 but not Rho itself control the formation of dendrites in mature DCs, their polarized short-range migration toward T cells, and T cell priming. 相似文献
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del Pozo MA Alderson NB Kiosses WB Chiang HH Anderson RG Schwartz MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5659):839-842
Translocation of the small GTP-binding protein Rac1 to the cell plasma membrane is essential for activating downstream effectors and requires integrin-mediated adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix. We report that active Rac1 binds preferentially to low-density, cholesterol-rich membranes, and specificity is determined at least in part by membrane lipids. Cell detachment triggered internalization of plasma membrane cholesterol and lipid raft markers. Preventing internalization maintained Rac1 membrane targeting and effector activation in nonadherent cells. Regulation of lipid rafts by integrin signals may regulate the location of membrane domains such as lipid rafts and thereby control domain-specific signaling events in anchorage-dependent cells. 相似文献
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Germinal centers (GCs) generate memory B and plasma cells, which are essential for long-lived humoral immunity. GC B cells with high-affinity B cell receptors (BCRs) are selectively expanded. To enable this selection, BCRs of such cells are thought to signal differently from those with lower affinity. We show that, surprisingly, most proliferating GC B cells did not demonstrate active BCR signaling. Rather, spontaneous and induced signaling was limited by increased phosphatase activity. Accordingly, both SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and SH2 domain-containing inositol 5 phosphatase were hyperphosphorylated in GC cells and remained colocalized with BCRs after ligation. Furthermore, SHP-1 was required for GC maintenance. Intriguingly, GC B cells in the cell-cycle G(2) period regained responsiveness to BCR stimulation. These data have implications for how higher-affinity B cells are selected in the GC. 相似文献
11.
Kraynov VS Chamberlain C Bokoch GM Schwartz MA Slabaugh S Hahn KM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5490):333-337
Signaling proteins are thought to be tightly regulated spatially and temporally in order to generate specific and localized effects. For Rac and other small guanosine triphosphatases, binding to guanosine triphosphate leads to interaction with downstream targets and regulates subcellular localization. A method called FLAIR (fluorescence activation indicator for Rho proteins) was developed to quantify the spatio-temporal dynamics of the Rac1 nucleotide state in living cells. FLAIR revealed precise spatial control of growth factor-induced Rac activation, in membrane ruffles and in a gradient of activation at the leading edge of motile cells. FLAIR exemplifies a generally applicable approach for examining spatio-temporal control of protein activity. 相似文献
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Ras相关的C3肉毒素底物1(Rac1)是Rho族蛋白主要成员,在稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)的侵染致病过程中发挥重要作用.本研究目的是采用结构生物学的方法进一步探究Rac1结构与功能以及与其他蛋白互作的机制,进一步阐释其致病机制.试验以稻瘟菌的cDNA为模板,根据Ras相关的C3肉毒素底物1基因(MoRac1)序列设计特异性引物进行PCR扩增,克隆了MoRac1基因并构建原核表达载体pHAT2-Rac1,异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达.SDS-PAGE检测与Western blot分析表明,pHAT2-Rac1在BL21(DE3)中表达,大小为25kD.通过亲和层析、离子交换与分子筛对重组蛋白进行纯化,获得了高纯度的目的蛋白.该蛋白的表达与纯化对其结构功能的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
13.
Sasaki T Irie-Sasaki J Jones RG Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ Stanford WL Bolon B Wakeham A Itie A Bouchard D Kozieradzki I Joza N Mak TW Ohashi PS Suzuki A Penninger JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5455):1040-1046
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate fundamental cellular responses such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, and adhesion. Viable gene-targeted mice lacking the p110 catalytic subunit of PI3Kgamma were generated. We show that PI3Kgamma controls thymocyte survival and activation of mature T cells but has no role in the development or function of B cells. PI3Kgamma-deficient neutrophils exhibited severe defects in migration and respiratory burst in response to heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and chemotactic agents. PI3Kgamma links GPCR stimulation to the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate and the activation of protein kinase B, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Thus, PI3Kgamma regulates thymocyte development, T cell activation, neutrophil migration, and the oxidative burst. 相似文献
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拟南芥Rac/Rop GEF1基因功能研究（摘要） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]对拟南芥Rac/RopGEF1（简称GEF1）基因在Rac/RopGTPse介导的生长素信号途径等方面所起的作用进行初步探索。[方法]利用实验室已构建的稳定表达的拟南芥GEF1基因启动子与GUS融合的转基因植株和GEF1基因过表达的转基因植株,通过GUS组织化学染色分析GEF1基因的表达模式,并对GEF1基因过表达植株的幼苗根系发育情况进行分析。[结果]GEF1基因主要在幼苗根的分生组织和维管组织细胞、侧根原基和根毛细胞表达;经生长素（NAA）诱导处理后,在上述细胞中的表达显著增强。过表达GEF1基因促进侧根的形成。[结论]GEF1基因的功能与根和根毛细胞的发育有关,GEF1基因可能参与对侧根发育的调控。 相似文献
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Rac基因是普遍存在于真核生物细胞中参与环境应急反应的重要基因。本文采用RT-PCR方法从哈茨木霉中成功克隆了哈茨木霉的Rac基因的eDNA,全长718bp,推测编码204个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为22.4kD。通过数据库检索等生物信息学方法分析发现哈茨木霉Rac与羊茅香柱菌相似性高达82％。与柄篮状菌相似性也达到75％。哈茨木霉Rac基因含有GTP／GDP结合和Effeetor区。Rac基因的cDNA序列及推测的氨基酸序列在GenBank上登录（登录号分别FJ595933和ACM24223）。 相似文献
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Parasympathetic innervation maintains epithelial progenitor cells during salivary organogenesis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Knox SM Lombaert IM Reed X Vitale-Cross L Gutkind JS Hoffman MP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,329(5999):1645-1647
The maintenance of a progenitor cell population as a reservoir of undifferentiated cells is required for organ development and regeneration. However, the mechanisms by which epithelial progenitor cells are maintained during organogenesis are poorly understood. We report that removal of the parasympathetic ganglion in mouse explant organ culture decreased the number and morphogenesis of keratin 5-positive epithelial progenitor cells. These effects were rescued with an acetylcholine analog. We demonstrate that acetylcholine signaling, via the muscarinic M1 receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor, increased epithelial morphogenesis and proliferation of the keratin 5-positive progenitor cells. Parasympathetic innervation maintained the epithelial progenitor cell population in an undifferentiated state, which was required for organogenesis. This mechanism for epithelial progenitor cell maintenance may be targeted for organ repair or regeneration. 相似文献
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拟南芥Rac/Rop GEF7基因功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]对拟南芥Rac/Rop GEF7（简称GEF7）基因在Rac/Rop GTPse介导的生长素信号途径等方面所起的作用进行初步探索。[方法]利用实验室已构建的稳定表达的拟南芥GEF7基因启动子与GUS融合的转基因植株和GEF7基因过表达的转基因植株,通过GUS组织化学染色分析GEF7基因的表达模式,并对GEF7基因过表达植株的幼苗根系发育情况进行分析。[结果]GEF7基因主要在幼苗根的分生组织和维管组织细胞、侧根原基和根毛细胞表达;经生长素（NAA）诱导处理后,在上述细胞中的表达显著增强。过表达GEF7基因促进侧根的形成。[结论]GEF7基因的功能与根和根毛细胞的发育有关,GEF7基因可能参与对侧根发育的调控。 相似文献
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VEGF通路是一条调控细胞增殖、分化、迁移、应激反应以及生存的信号通路。本研究从草菇基因组中获得1个在VEGF通路中编码SPK蛋白的基因,将其命名为vv-SPK,并对该基因进行结构分析,结果显示:基因vv-SPK全长1 996bp,包含11个内含子;ORF长为1 401bp,编码466个氨基酸。通过BLASTP比对显示,vv-SPK基因与纹缘盔孢伞、双色蜡蘑以及紫蜡蘑的相似度最高;经过荧光定量PCR验证后发现,SPK蛋白的基因表达量与菌柄的伸长有关。根据SPK在VEGF通路中参与的细胞增殖途径以及SPK蛋白本身的激酶特性,推测其对草菇菌柄生长过程的细胞分裂和伸长有显著的促进作用,且草菇中可能存在SPK激酶介导的促进细胞增殖、伸长的信号通路。 相似文献