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枫杨刻蚜的形态特征与生活周期 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对枫杨刻蚜的的3种形态型即无翅孤雌型、有翅孤雌型和越夏型进行了形态记述和生活周期探讨,并着重对未见报道的小型越夏蚜进行补充描述,将各型绘以形态图. 相似文献
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火力楠丽绵蚜的防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
火力捕丽绵蚜（FormasaphismicheliaeTakahashi）属同翅目蚜科,主要为害大力捕、白玉兰。成虫、若虫群集枝条和树干上吸食树液,引起树皮龟裂或是瘤状突起,轻者影响树木生长,严重的可以引起树木枯死。1997年以来,龙州县中山公园、新华小学等单位的白玉兰大树受害严重,直接影响到环境的美化。丽绵蚜无越冬现象,常年均可发生为害树木。每年10月上旬一12月中旬,虫口数量激增,危害最严重。此时常看见树枝、树干布满一层白色如棉絮蜡状物,这是丽棉蚜的分泌物。每头无翅孤雌胎生幼蚜30一功头。幼蚜脱皮4次,完成1代需19天。有翅孤雌胎生… 相似文献
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比较了不同类型虫袋和填充物对角倍春迁蚜产性蚜数量和存活率的影响,结果表明:采用柱状虫袋填充玉米苞皮及对玉米苞皮进行浸泡处理可以提高性蚜的数量和雌蚜/干母的存活数;与传统的三角纸袋填充棕丝相比较,柱状虫袋填充浸泡玉米苞皮的雌蚜数、雌蚜/干母存活数、雄蚜数和性蚜总数分别增加了107.6%、229.1%、71.1%和87.5%,雌蚜/干母存活率提高了21.1%。虫袋内的雌蚜数、雄蚜数和性蚜总数与春迁蚜数呈显著负相关;雌蚜数和雌蚜/干母存活数与雄蚜数、性蚜总数和雌雄性比分别呈极显著正相关。角倍产区的环境因子明显影响春迁蚜的羽化期,但对春迁蚜产性蚜的数量没有明显影响。 相似文献
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铁倍是指铁倍蚜寄生在盐肤木属红麸杨(Rhus punjabensis var. sinica)复叶主轴、叶翅和小叶上所形成的虫瘿的总称。铁倍蚜包括枣铁倍蚜、蛋铁蚜、铁倍花蚜等。铁倍是川东地区的主要倍种,不但产量高,而且质量好、单宁含量65～71％,是一种很有发展前途的倍子品种。但是目前铁倍生产都是在原产铁倍区域内发展,使一些无倍区而第二寄主和倍蚜虫丰富的地方无人问津,这样给铁倍资源造成了很大浪费,从而影响铁倍产量。为了解决这一问题,扩大铁倍产区,根据枣铁倍蚜等具有以无翅孤雌侨蚜在第二寄主宿存繁衍,每年春季分化为有翅性母成蚜 相似文献
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警根瘤蚜的生物学特性和防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
警根瘤蚜(Phylloxera notabilis pergande)又名长山核桃叶根瘤蚜,属同翅目根瘤蚜科,是随苗木由美国传入我国的外来虫种,现分布于江苏,浙江,是危害长山核桃的主要害虫之一。严重时,叶片上布满豆粒状虫瘿,植株生长缓慢,产量下降。为了寻求有效的防治途径,作者于1987～1990年通过田间调查,定虫观察和室内间断的饲养,认为该蚜在南京地区一年发生4代虫瘿,早春阻止干母上行是比较理想的防治方法。 1 形态特征 1.1 成虫 警根瘤蚜届叶瘿型根瘤蚜,成虫有6个型,即干母、无翅雌蚜、短翅雌蚜(性母)、长翅雌蚜(迁飞雌蚜)、雌蚜和雄蚜。 1.1.1 干母:干母系越冬卵孵化出来的无翅 相似文献
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红松球蚜(Pineus cembrae pinikor-eanus Zhang et Fang)是红松(PinusKoraiensis Sieb·et Zucc·)幼树(10～20年生)上常见害虫之一,该虫在红松幼树上无翅孤雌侨蚜极为常见,一年可发生4代,在整个生长季节(4～9月)都危害树木,主要为害红松的针叶及嫩梢,以刺吸式口器吸取汁液,并分泌蜡丝,影响光合作用,从而严重阻碍树木的生长发育。 相似文献
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以五倍子蚜的主要生产种-角倍蚜为研究对象,对其生活周期中7个蚜型的形态特征进行显微测量分析。结果表明:各蚜型的形态特征与其分工相适应,春迁蚜和秋迁蚜体型大,具有发达的足、翅、触角和次生感觉圈,与其迁移和繁殖的分工相适应。干雌和越冬若蚜体型稍小,具有较发达的足和口器,与其取食、繁殖或越冬的分工相适应。干母体型最小,但体型修长,具有发达的足和喙,与其取食、形成虫瘿和繁殖的分工相适应。雌、雄性蚜体型小,口器完全退化,足不发达,与其交配和繁殖的分工相适应。结合各蚜型生活环境的变化,探讨角倍蚜对环境的适应性。 相似文献
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Light availability and infestation by the green spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum) are key factors affecting the growth of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) seedlings under a mature tree canopy, but their combined effect on seedling growth has not previously been quantified. A controlled outdoor experiment in which light levels (high light (HL): 100%, intermediate light (IL): 24%) and aphid infestation (absence/presence) were manipulated was conducted over 2 years to look at the effects on seedling growth and biomass distribution patterns. Aphid population assessments showed a significantly increased population density under IL, with three to four times higher cumulative aphid densities than that under HL. Defoliation rates of infested seedlings were directly related to aphid density. Total seedling biomass was strongly reduced in IL, and aphid infestation caused additional reductions in the biomass of particular components of the seedlings. Dry weight (DW) of older (≥1-year-old) needles in infested trees was significantly decreased in both years. Total root DW at the end of the second year was significantly affected by aphid infestation, and the reduction (14-18%) was similar in IL and HL treatments despite large differences in aphid density. Biomass distribution patterns in infested trees were similar to that of uninfested trees within each light treatment, indicating that the relative decreases in root biomass were accompanied by similar reductions in distribution to the above-ground parts of the seedlings. Leader extension growth of infested seedlings was reduced by 15-17% compared with uninfested seedlings under IL, whereas only a 2-3% reduction in leader extension of infested seedlings under HL was observed. The results showed that the response of seedlings to E. abietinum were primarily dependent on the light environment. The significant reduction caused by aphids on the total DW of older needles and roots, and on leader extension growth, does suggest the potential for effects to accumulate over time. 相似文献
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Populations of the common nettle aphid, Microlophium carnosum Buckton, inhabiting nettle patches in an agricultural landscape were surveyed for entomophthoralean infection during 1998, 1999 and 2001. Five pathogenic species were identified from the aphid in the course of the survey. Erynia neoaphidis Remaudière & Hennebert, Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Remaudière & Keller, and Neozygites microlophii Keller affected aphid colonies every year. Two minor pathogens, Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu and Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn) Remaudière & Keller, were observed only in 2001.An artificial transmission of the three main fungi was carried out to prove horizontal transmission of infection between the common nettle aphid and different aphid species co-occurring in landscape. N. microlophii, probably monophagous pathogen, did not infect any of the six recipient aphid species in the experiment. Transmissions of E. neoaphidis and N. fresenii conidia were successful with five and four aphid species, respectively. The average mortality of tested aphids after transmission ranged from 0 to 33.33?% for E.?neoaphidis and from 0 to 15?% for N. fresenii.The potential of nettle patches as natural reservoirs for pathogens in the agroecosystem is discussed. 相似文献
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Mourad L. Shonouda 《Journal of pest science》1999,72(5):126-128
AdultCoccinella septempunctata, a coccinellid predator of the bean aphidAphis fabae Scop., responded to aqueous extract containing kairomones of the prey. The crude aphidextract was topically dropped onto
either clean leaves ofVicia faba or clean Petri-dishes. After application of aqueous-extract at different aphid densities, the predator showed variations
in the attractivity and searching behaviour in comparisons with control. The variations are summarized as follows: (1) the
aqueous-extract of aphids attract or directC. septempunctata adults to the treated vials at all aphid densities. The number of attracted or directed coccinellid adults was directly proportional
with aphid concentrations; (2) the predatorC. septempunctata adult intensified its searching behaviour by increasing the total path length walked; (3) the number of turns exhibited is
significantly higher as compared with those of control; and (4) the arrested time spent by coccinellid adults with treated
plant is much more than that with clean plant at all aphid densities. The present results show that the aphid aqueous-extract
contains the active ingredients (kairomone) which induce considerable changes in the searching pattern of the predator coccinellid
adults. 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》1999,114(1):55-70
Litterfall was investigated in three even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies), sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands on a nutrient poor-soil in Southern Denmark. Dry weights and N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na, Al, and Fe concentrations and fluxes were examined in litterfall fractions. Foliage litter amounted to 90% of total litterfall. The tree stands showed a similar mean annual litterfall. In the spruce stands, annual litterfall was correlated negatively with the current year increment and positively with the previous year increment. Annual litterfall in beech was constant during the 6 study years whereas Norway spruce and sitka spruce showed large fluctuations between years caused by drought, spruce aphid infestations and probably sea salt stress. Norway spruce responded with a long lasting elevated needle loss. Sitka spruce responded to infestations with premature needle loss during short periods. The presence of a large syrphid (Coccinellidae) population was important in regulating aphid (Elatobium abietinum) population density. The between-year variation in element concentrations of litterfall was small whereas variations during the year were large. Interspecific levels were recognized: Norway spruce>beech>sitka spruce. High concentrations in Norway spruce were ascribed to a combination of drought, sea salt stress and elevated transpiration. In sitka spruce, aphid infestations reduced the litterfall N content. Sitka spruce showed the smallest amount of base cation fluxes with litterfall. In contrast, spruce and beech exhibited even litterfall element fluxes. Litterfall studies revealed reduced vitality in the non-native spruce stands and underlined the perception of a healthy stand of native beech. 相似文献
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Nigel Straw Nick FieldingGill Green John PriceDavid Williams 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(7):1223-1235
Green spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum) feeds primarily on the 1-year-old and older needle leaves of spruce (Picea spp.) and is a major defoliator of commercial Sitka spruce plantations in the UK and other maritime regions of north-west Europe. The impact of E. abietinum on mid-rotation (23-28-year-old) Sitka spruce in Radnor Forest, in mid-Wales, was determined by comparing aphid population densities, defoliation and growth between plots of trees that were either treated with insecticide or were left untreated. The experimental treatments were maintained for 5 years and over this period (2002-2006) peak E. abietinum densities in the untreated plots varied from 5 to 36 aphids per 100 needles. These densities, which were representative of low to moderate rates of infestation, were associated with low rates of defoliation (0-8%), but they had a significant (P ? 0.01) impact on mean radial increment (RI) and mean volume increment (VI). In 2005, the year with the highest aphid populations, peak densities in the untreated plots averaged 14 aphids per 100 needles and this rate of infestation reduced RI by 17%, VI by 10% and the dry weight of current-year needles by 10%. On average, across all years, infestation by E. abietinum reduced mean annual VI by 6%. Comparisons with previous studies on the impact of the aphid on 4-year-old, 7-year-old and 9-year-old Sitka spruce (Straw et al., 2005) indicate that defoliation by E. abietinum, on a per capita basis, decreases as trees grow older, but that the impact on VI increases. The different growth response of young and mid-rotation Sitka spruce to infestation is related to differences in canopy structure, particularly in the ratio of current-year needles to older needles, and the greater demands on photosynthetic production in older trees that arise from the need to support an increasing quantity of non-photosynthetic structural tissues in branches, stem and roots. 相似文献
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蚜虫属于同翅目(Homoptera)蚜总科(Aphidoidea)和球蚜总科(Adelgoidea),世界上已知种类为4 000多种[1],我国已报道的种类1 000余种[2]。蚜虫大多数是害虫,它们刺吸植物汁液,直接影响植物生长,同时间接传播病毒病害,造成农业上的损失,如棉蚜(Aphis gossypiiG lover)、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae(Fabricius))等;少数种类如五倍子蚜(Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell))是重要的资源昆虫,具有较高的经济价值[3]。蚜虫身体微小,形态变异大,生活习性复杂,并具有多型多态现象,研究它较为困难,尤其是在分类和鉴定、近缘种的识别等方面,传统的研… 相似文献
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To date, about 400 aphid species have been recorded in Turkey (see References). However, this is the first paper which 3 aphid species determined in 3 genera on Betula spp. in Turkey. These species, namely Calaphis flava Mordvilko, Callipterinella calliptera (Hartig) and Euceraphis punctipennis (Zetterstedt) all belong to the family: Aphididae, subfamily: Myzocallinae, tribe: Calaphini and none of the species has previously been recorded in aphid fauna lists on Betula spp. in Turkey. Their synonyms, morphological characteristics and biological data, supported by literature, were also considered. 相似文献