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1.
利用离果山羊草3C染色体诱导簇毛麦2V染色体结构变异 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
【目的】簇毛麦是普通小麦的一个近缘物种,它具有许多抗病基因,在小麦育种中起重要作用。抗白粉病基因Pm21已被南京农业大学细胞遗传所成功地转移到小麦背景中,并被广泛地用于小麦育种实践。为了进一步转移和利用定位于簇毛麦2V染色体上的有用基因,如抗眼斑病基因、抗条锈基因和护颖颖脊刚毛基因,为小麦育种创造新种质。【方法】通过普通小麦农林26-离果山羊草3C二体异附加系与小麦-簇毛麦2V（2D）二体代换系杂交,综合运用染色体C-分带、基因组原位杂交、染色体构型分析和分子标记分析。【结果】从杂种F２和F３中鉴定出涉及簇毛麦2V结构变异的异染色体系7份,包括纯合缺失系1份（Del 2VS•2VL-）,易位系4份,其中纯合易位2份（初步推断为T3DS•2VL,T2VS•7DL）、小片段易位1份（T6BS•6BL-2VS）和中间插入易位1份（T2VS•2VL-W-2VL）,等臂染色体1份（2VS•2VS）和单端体1份（Mt2VS）。利用可分别追踪2VS 和2VL的分子标记Xwmc25-120和NAU/STSBCD135-1进行PCR分析,进一步证明这7份异染色体系中涉及簇毛麦2V染色体片段。【结论】涉及2V短臂的单端体Mt2VS,等臂染色体2VS•2VS和易位系T2VS•7DL在护颖颖脊上有簇状分布的刚毛,而涉及2V长臂的易位系T3DS•2VL无刚毛,进一步证实簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛基因位于2VS。离果山羊草3C染色体可有效诱发簇毛麦2V染色体结构变异。 相似文献
2.
Haynaldia villosa （2n=2X= 14, VV）, a relative of wheat, plays important roles in wheat improvement mainly owing to its disease resistance. Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 has been successfully transferred into wheat by Cytogenetic Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, China, and is widely used in the current wheat breeding programs. In this research, our objective is to further transfer and utilize the beneficial genes such as eye-spot resistance, yellow rust resistance, and gene of the tufted bristles on the glume ridge （a remarkable morphology） mapped on 2V of Haynaldia villosa. A disomic addition line with gametocidal chromosome 3C ofAegilops triuncialis added in Norin-26 was crossed to the wheat-H, villosa disomic substitution 2V（2D） and the hybrid F1 was then self-crossed. Chromosome C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）, and meiotic analysis in combination with molecular markers were applied to detect the chromosome variations derived from hybrids Fz and F3. To date, four translocations including one small segmental translocation T6BS·6BL-2VS, two whole arm translocations （preliminarily designed as T3DS·2VL and T2VS.7DL） and one intercalary translocation T2VS·2VL-W-2VL, one deletion Del. 2VS·2VL-, one monotelosomic Mt2VS, and one isochromosome 2VS·2VS line have been developed and characterized. One wheat SSR marker Xwmc25.120 tagging 2VS and one wheat STS marker NAU/STSBCD135-1 （2BL） tagging 2VL were successfully used to confirm the alien chromosome segments involved in the seven lines. The tufted bristles on the glume ridge appeared in lines T2VS-7DL, Mt2VS, 2VS-2VS as well as the parent DS2V（2D）, whereas in T3DS·2VL, this trait did not appear. The gene controlling the tufted bristles was located on 2VS. Gametocidal chromosome 3C ofAegilops triuncialis could successfully induce chromosome 2V structural changes. 相似文献
3.
普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系T6BS·6BL-2VS的选育(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[Objective] The aim of experiment was to provide a new germplasm for wheat breeding by further using desirable genes in 2V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa.[Method] Through hybridization between common wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Haynaldia villosa disomic substitution line and common wheat Nonglin26-3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis disomic addition line,the analysis methods such as chromosome C-banding,genomic in situ hybridization and molecular marker technique were comprehensively applied and combined characters investigation.[Result] The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line(T6BS·6BL-2VS)was selected from hybrid progenies to conduct characters investigation,which found some bristles on glume ridge of T6BS·6BL-2VS.[Conclusion] The translocation line induced by gametocidal chromosome was a small segment translocation line and the gene of bristle on glume ridge of Haynaldia villosa was located between the middle and the terminal of 2VS. 相似文献
4.
[目的]为进一步利用簇毛麦2V染色体上的有益基因,为小麦育种提供新种质。[方法]通过普通小麦-簇毛麦2V(2D)二体代换系(DS2V)与普通小麦农林26-离果山羊草3C染色体二体异附加系(DA3C)杂交,综合运用染色体C-分带、基因组原位杂交和分子标记分析,并结合性状调查。[结果]从杂种后代中选育出小麦-簇毛麦纯合易位系T6BS.6BL-2VS,性状调查发现该易位系植株护颖颖脊上有刚毛。[结论]该易位系为杀配子染色体诱发的小片段易位;簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛基因定位于2VS的中部至端部。 相似文献
5.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of experiment was to provide a new germplasm for wheat breeding by further using desirable genes in 2V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa.[Method] Through hybridization between common wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Haynaldia villosa disomic substitution line and common wheat Nonglin26-3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis disomic addition line,the analysis methods such as chromosome C-banding,genomic in situ hybridization and molecular marker technique were comprehensively applied and combined characters investigation.[Result] The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line(T6BS·6BL-2VS)was selected from hybrid progenies to conduct characters investigation,which found some bristles on glume ridge of T6BS·6BL-2VS.[Conclusion] The translocation line induced by gametocidal chromosome was a small segment translocation line and the gene of bristle on glume ridge of Haynaldia villosa was located between the middle and the terminal of 2VS. 相似文献
6.
普通小麦-簇毛麦2V染色体端体异附加系的选育与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa) 具有抗多种病害、耐旱、耐寒等优良性状,是可供小麦改良利用的优良遗传资源.本研究综合利用根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体Giemsa C-分带、花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型分析、荧光原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH) 及分子标记等技术,从普通小麦-簇毛麦2V(2D) 异代换系与含有Ph抑制基因的中国春高配对材料(pairing homoeologous inhibitor,Ph1) CO4-13的杂交后代中选了出分别含有簇毛麦2V长臂和短臂的普通小麦-簇毛麦2V端体异附加系.含有簇毛麦2V短臂的附加系在护颖颖脊上有刚毛,而在含2V长臂的附加系的护颖颖脊上没有刚毛,可将控制护颖颖脊刚毛性状的基因进一步定位在簇毛麦2V染色体的短臂上.筛选出町以追踪2V染色体短臂的SSR标记wmc25.该分子标记和护颖颖脊刚毛形态标记可用来追踪导入小麦遗传背景中的簇毛麦2V染色体短臂. 相似文献
7.
Development of EST-PCR Markers for the Chromosome 4V of Haynaldia villosa and Their Application in Identification of 4V Chromosome Structural Aberrants 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHAO Ren-hui WANG Hai-yan JIA Qi XIAO Jin YUAN Chun-xia ZHANG Ya-jun HU Qing-shan WANG Xiu-e 《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):282-289
EST-PCR based molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes are not only useful for the detection of the introgressed alien chromatin in the wheat background, but also provide evidence of the syntenic relationship between homoeologous chromosomes. In the present study, in order to develop high density and evenly distributed molecular markers on chromosome 4V of Haynaldia villosa, a total of 607 primer pairs were designed according to the EST sequences, which were previously located in 23 different bins of wheat chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D. By using the Triticum durum-H, villosa amphiploid and T. aestivum-H, villosa alien chromosome lines involving chromosome 4V, it was found that 9.23% of the tested primers could amplify specific bands for chromosome 4V. Thirty and twenty-six specific markers could be assigned to chromosome arms 4VS and 4VL, respectively. These 4V specific markers provided efficient tools for the characterization of structural variation involving the chromosome 4V as well as for the selection of useful genes located on chromosome 4V in breeding programs. 相似文献
8.
小麦贵农775抗条锈病新基因YrGA的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦抗病种质贵农775具有抗条锈性,研究其抗条锈遗传,对揭示其抗病机制和培育持久抗病品种具有重要意义。以西农97148×贵农775的杂交群体为材料,利用RAPD,SCAR分子标记和荧光原位杂交技术研究其抗性基因来源及在染色体上的位置。贵农775中的YrGA基因来自于簇毛麦,特异标记与抗条锈病基因YrGA(暂时命名)遗传距离为(0.355+0.001)cM,荧光原位杂交结果显示,贵农775为小麦-簇毛麦新的易位系。由于抗条锈病基因Yr26来源于簇毛麦,位于6VS,而与YrGA连锁的特异片段位于染色体长臂,综合分子生物学试验结果,可以推断YrGA很可能是一个来自簇毛麦并与已知抗条锈病基因不同的新基因。 相似文献
9.
Development and Identification of Wheat Haynaldia villosa 6DL/6VS Translocation Lines with Powdery Mildew Resistance 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
Wheat-H. villosa 6DL/6VS translocation lines, Pm97033, Pm97034 and Pm97035 developed by(TH3/4 ×Wan7107)F1 young embryo and anther culture, were evaluated by powdery mildew resistance test, cytogenetic analysis, biochemical analysis, and in situ hybridization respectively. Pm97033 and its hybrids crossing with susceptible cultivar Wan7107, 6D/6V substitution line and double ditelocentric lines (DDT) of Chinese Spring(C S)6A, 6B and 6D were all immune to powdery mildew through the growing period. It was with the somatic chromosome number of 42 and twenty-one bivalents at M I in pollen mother cells (PMCs M I ). The configurations at pMCs M I in hybrids F1 of Pm97033 with either susceptible cultivar or 6D/6V substitution line were 21 biva lents. In hybrids F1 between Pm97033 and C S 6A, 6B DDT, twenty bivalents and one allo-trivalent (t I t)composing of one univalent and two telocentric chromosomes were observed at PMCs M I . The configuration between Pm97033 and C S 6D DDT was twenty bivalents, one allo-bivalent (I t)and one telocentric chromosome. The results of cytogenetic analysis showed that Pm97033 was a translocation line , and the translocation was related to chromosome 6D. The results of in situ hybridization between probe labeled with biotin of H. villosa total DNA and the chromosomes showed that the three lines were all Robertsonian translocation lines. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT)isozyrme analyses showed that the translocation lines expressed the same pattern with C S,and without the specific band of 6VL of H. villas compared with substitution line and addition line. In α-zone of gliadin-2 pattern, all lines resistant to powdery mildew expressed an identical specific band encoded by the gene located on 6VS of H. villosa. All the cytogenetic and biochemical analysis confirmed that Pm97033, etc. were 6DL/6VS translocation lines with the substitution of 6VS for 6DS. 相似文献
10.
【目的】分析普通小麦-簇毛麦T5VS·5DL易位染色体对主要农艺性状、品质性状及白粉病抗性的遗传效应,了解T5VS·5DL易位染色体通过雌雄配子的传递情况,筛选便于育种利用的共显性分子标记,进一步明确T5VS·5DL易位系的高代回交品系在育种改良中的利用价值。【方法】分别以扬麦13、扬麦15为轮回亲本的高代T5VS·5DL易位系回交品系(BC4F4)及其分离群体(BC5F2)为材料,利用GISH及5VS特异分子标记对这些材料进行了鉴定;在大棚及大田2种环境下调查了这些材料的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状,并对这些材料的水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力、蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力、蛋白和籽粒硬度等品质性状进行了分析;还利用白粉菌混合生理小种对这些材料的苗期(二叶期)和成株期(抽穗期)进行了接种鉴定。【结果】含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状与其轮回亲本相比,2种环境下的差异均不显著,表明簇毛麦5VS染色体臂代替普通小麦5DS染色体臂后,对产量性状的补偿性较好,没有显著的不利影响。品质性状的分析结果表明,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的籽粒硬度值(SKCS)均显著低于其轮回亲本,表明簇毛麦Dina/Dinb基因型比普通小麦的Pina/Pinb基因型具有更软质胚乳特性;另外,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的水溶剂保持力与碳酸钠溶剂保持力也显著低于轮回亲本,而蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力及蛋白质含量的差异不显著,表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体对弱筋小麦品质指标可能有一定的正向效应。白粉菌混合生理小种接种鉴定的结果表明,在二叶期,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系及其轮回亲本均高感白粉病,但在成株期含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系高抗白粉病,而其轮回亲本仍高感白粉病,表明含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系携带白粉病成株抗性基因。对BC5F2群体单株的白粉病及T5VS·5DL易位染色体鉴定的结果表明,所有含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体的单株均高抗白粉病,无T5VS·5DL易位染色体的单株均高感白粉病,推测一个显性的白粉病成株抗性基因与T5VS·5DL易位染色体共分离。同时在分离群体中,纯合易位染色体单株数、杂合单株数及无易位染色体单株数之比,经χ2测验符合1﹕2﹕1分离比例,表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体在小麦背景中遗传传递正常。通过对5VS特异分子标记的扩增条件及带型分析发现,共显性EST分子标记5EST-237、Pinb-1,扩增条件简单,特异带型易于识别,可以利用这些标记对T5VS·5DL易位染色体进行分子标记辅助选择。【结论】鉴于T5VS·5DL易位系良好的品质及抗病特性,建议在弱筋小麦的育种项目中加以利用。 相似文献
11.
HUANGDa-hui LIN Zhi-shan CHEN Xiao ZHANG Zeng-yan CHEN Cai-ceng CHENG Shun-he XIN Zhi-yong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(5):513-521
Take-all is a serious disease found in wheat across the world. Haynaldia villosa is considered to be resistant to take-all at a high level. TH3 was an amphiploid （2n =42, AABBVV） between Triticum durum and Haynaldia viUosa with significant resistance to take-all fungus isolated from China. In greenhouse experiment, the derivatives of the hybrid between wheat and TH3 showed better resistance to take-all than that of the wheat control. One of the derivatives named HW918-5 was selected for further analysis. Cytological and genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） analysis indicated that a monotelosome originated from H. villosa existed in the genome of the offspring of the line HW918-5. The monotelosome with promising resistant gene for take-all was located on the 3V chromosome of H. villosa in the further PCR-based molecular analysis. 相似文献
12.
普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系T4VS·6AL的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在小麦背景中离果山羊草3C染色体具有优先传递的作用.当离果山羊草3C染色体处于单体状态时会导致后代不含有杀配子染色体的配子中产生包括缺失和易位等染色体结构变异.簇毛麦4V染色体携有抗小麦眼斑病和全蚀病基因.为进一步利用簇毛麦4V染色体上的有益基因.利用染色体C-分带和基因组原位杂交分析,从普通小麦-簇毛麦4V染色体二体异附加系(DA4V)与普通小麦农林26-离果山羊草3C染色体二体异附加系(DA3C)杂种后代中选育出小麦-簇毛麦纯合易住系T4VS·6AL.该易位系为杀配子染色体诱发形成的非补偿型易位;易位系T4VS·6AL高抗梭条花叶病.是小麦抗病育种的新种质. 相似文献
13.
By the combination of cytological analysis and using genomic in situ hybridization technique to identify an alien chromosome in wheat-Haynaldia villosa monosomic addition lines, we studied the meiotic behavior of the alien chromosome. The results indicated that the frequency of bivalent pairing was lower than the value expected in PMCs of two monosomic addition lines, the frequency of wheat chromosomes unpairing increased, and the wheat homologous chromosome pairing was interfered with by the added chromosome 6V at metaphase I. The chromosome 6V lagged in 20.3% -29.3% of PMCs, sister chromatids 6V early divided in 29.0% - 34.1% of PMCs, the single chromosome 6V in 18.2% - 26.1% of PMCs went to a pole randomly,the breakage frequency of chromosome 6V was 1.2% - 2.9%. Meanwhile, it was also found that several wheat chromosomes showed earlier division, lagging and breakage in a few PMCs. It revealed that the added chromosome 6V influenced the behavior of wheat chromosomes at anaphase. It was also found that the translocation was produced between 6V and wheat chromosomes in 1.2% of PMCs. It offered evidence for translocation between wheat and Haynaldia villosa 6V chromosomes. 相似文献
14.
Hao-jie SUN Jing-jing SONG Jin XIAO Tao XU Xing WEI Chun-xia YUAN Ai-zhong CAO Li-ping XING Hai-yan WANG Xiu-e WANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1720-1726
Expressed sequence tags-derived polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes can be used to not only monitor the introgressed alien chromatin in wheat background, but also provide the evidence of the syntenic relationship between homoeologous chromosomes. In the present study, in order to develop high density and evenly distributed molecular markers specific for chromosome 6VL of Dasypyrum villosum, 297 primer pairs were designed based on the expressed sequence tags (EST) sequences, which were previously mapped in different bins of the long arms of wheat homoeologous 6AL, 6BL, and 6DL. By using the Triticum aestivum, D. villosum, T. durum-D. villosum amphiploid, and T. aestivum-D. villosum alien chromosome lines involving chromosome 6V, it was found that 32 (10.77%) primers could amplify specific bands for chromosome 6V, and 31 could be allocated to chromosome arm 6VL. These 6VL specific markers provided efficient tools for the characterization of structural variation involving the chromosome 6VL in common wheat background as well as for the selection of useful genes located on 6VL in breeding programs. 相似文献
15.
种子贮藏蛋白凝胶电泳在小麦外源染色体鉴定中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用小麦种子贮藏蛋白凝胶电泳技术,对簇毛麦(Haynaldiavillosa)、滨麦(Leymusmollis)、华山新麦草(Psathyrostachyshuashanica)、大麦(Hordeumdistichom)以及黑麦(Secalecereale)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白进行了分析。结果表明,簇毛麦、滨麦、华山新麦草、大麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白与普通小麦相比均有各自的特征带;利用簇毛麦和大麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基特征带鉴定出了普通小麦中与小麦第一同源群染色体有部分同源的V1和H5附加系;利用黑麦1RS醇溶蛋白标记位点Gld1B3鉴定了1BL/1RS易位系,同时利用染色体C-分带对1BL/1RS易位系77(2)进行了验证。并对小麦种子贮藏蛋白凝胶电泳技术在小麦品质育种和细胞质雄性不育选育中的应用进行了讨论。 相似文献
16.
应用八倍体小麦－簇毛麦和普通小麦杂交、回交，试图将其抗白粉病基因导入普通小麦。通过细胞学分析和染色体分带分析证明双二倍体小簇麦含有５６条染色体，其染色体组为ＡＡＢＢＤＤＶＶ，其与普通小麦的杂种Ｆ＿１代减数分裂的中期Ｉ二价体数目常少于２１对，单价体数目常多于７个，并出现三价体、四价体和少量五价体。应用生物素标记的簇毛麦总ＤＮＡ探针对小簇麦杂种进行染色体原位杂交，能够清楚检测出簇毛麦的染色体，双二倍体小簇麦含有１４条簇毛麦染色体，９４００９—５—４含有Ｖ＿２，Ｖ＿３和Ｖ＿４３条簇毛麦染色体，９４００９－５－９含有１条簇毛麦的Ｖ＿６染色体。目前已选育了优良抗病品系，经温室和田间人工接种鉴定，表现高抗小产白粉病。 相似文献
17.
小麦白粉病是小麦的主要病害之一。以簇毛麦为抗源,采用杂交与辐射、组织培养相结合的方法,将簇毛麦的抗白粉病基因导入小麦。经抗病鉴定、系统选育和细胞学分析,选育出农艺性状较好、抗白粉病的小麦新种质。经DNA分析,证明簇毛麦抗白粉病基因(或染色体片断)已被导入小麦品种。 相似文献
18.
对普通小麦(Tritcium aestivum)与华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica)杂交后代H9802-6、普通小麦与簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)杂交后代V9910-15-4花粉的减数分裂进行了细胞学观察。结果表明:H9802-6出现了异代换系和异附加系,因此该材料还不是很稳定;V9910-15-4后代个体中染色体数目、染色体构型多样复杂,染色体联会过程中出现了环状联会、顶端联会、单价体不联会等异常情况,其杂交后代的稳定及利用较困难。 相似文献
19.
利用小麦SSR标记追踪大赖草染色体Lr.2、Lr.7、Lr.14及其片段 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
定位于小麦7个部分同源群上的337对SSR引物中有113对SSR引物可检测到大赖草与普通小麦基因组间多态性，对小麦一大赖草Lr．2、Lr．7和Lr.14的异附加系和易位系的进一步分析表明，小麦7BL上的SSR引物gwm112在大赖草染色体Lr．2上具有特异扩增位点，可用来追踪Lr．2；5AS上的SSR引物gwm205、5AL的gwml56和5DL上的gwm212在Lr．7和Lr．14中均有特异扩增产物，可用于追踪Lr．7和Lr．14；而7AL上的SSR引物gwm63仅在大赖草染色体Lr．7上具有扩增位点。这不仅揭示了Lr．7可能存在第5和第7部分同源群染色体重排，而且也表明将引物gwm205、gwm156、gwm212与gwm63相结合可分别追踪大赖草Lr.7和Lr．14染色体及其片段。利用这些SSR引物可追踪同一植株中不同的大赖草染色体；与簇毛麦染色体6V上的SCAR标记相结合，能追踪同一植株中的大赖草和簇毛麦染色体片段。 相似文献