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Standing surgical procedures are performed commonly in horses under sedation. The use of a xylazine and remifentanil combination has not been investigated in horses. We proposed to evaluate behavioral and cardiopulmonary effects of an intravenous (IV) infusion of xylazine with remifentanil for sedation in horses. Xylazine (0.8 mg/kg IV) followed in 3 minutes by remifentanil (0.0005 mg/kg IV), and a constant rate infusion of xylazine and remifentanil (0.65 mg/kg/h; 0.0225 mg/kg/h, respectively) was administered in three horses. Heart rate, respiratory rate (RR), arterial blood pressures, quality of sedation, pH, partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2), partial pressure of arterial O2 (PaO2), ataxia, sedation, and sedation overall outcome were assessed. Heart rate and RR remained within normal values during sedation without significant changes from baseline. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures were increased during sedation. There were no significant changes in pH, PaCO2, and PaO2. Sedation developed immediately after injection of xylazine in the three horses but did not increase after remifentanil bolus or IV infusion of both drugs. None of the mares had ataxia. Adverse effects during and after sedation were present: excitement, increase in locomotor activity, and decrease in the gastrointestinal motility. The combination of xylazine and remifentanil sedation protocol produces adverse effects. This protocol cannot be recommended for clinical conditions, at the described doses. 相似文献
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Xylazine and remifentanil in constant rate infusion (CRI) could be used for sedation in horses without adverse effects. The objective was to evaluate behavioral and cardiopulmonary effects of an intravenous (IV) infusion of xylazine and remifentanil for sedation in horses. Xylazine (0.8 mg/kg IV) followed after 3 minutes by a CRI of xylazine and remifentanil (0.65 mg/kg/h and 6 μg/kg/h, respectively) was administered in 10 healthy horses for 60 minutes. Sedation, ataxia, and cardiopulmonary, hematological, and blood gases variables were evaluated. Heart rate decreased significantly during the first 25 minutes after CRI of xylazine and remifentanil, whereas the respiratory rate showed a significant decrease at 20 minutes and remained significantly low until the endpoint. There were no statistically significant fluctuations in blood arterial pressure, blood pH, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, lactate, creatinine, calcium, chlorine, and sodium, compared with baseline values. Blood partial pressure of arterial oxygen and bicarbonate values were significantly higher compared with baseline values, whereas potassium decreased. Sedation and ataxia developed immediately after the administration of xylazine in all horses. All horses recovered successfully within 10 minutes after interruption of the CRI of xylazine and remifentanil, with no ataxia. No adverse effects were observed. The use of a combination of xylazine and remifentanil as sedation protocol has no adverse effects at the described dosage. 相似文献
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应用图象处理技术估测牧草地上生物量的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验利用计算机对牧草彩色照片提取特征值的图象处理技术得到了牧草的有效面积，叶表层高度，同时使用光度计测定草丛内部光照强度的垂直变化情况，获取有关牧草性状的信息。通过图象处理手段得到的信息与牧草性状之间的关系，建立模型以测定牧草地上部分的现存量，为放牧管理制度提供实施依据。 相似文献
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Oscar Alberto Chiesa Jurgen von Bredow Michelle Smith Michael Thomas 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(1):133-134
The purpose of this study was to simplify the two-port laparoscopic renal biopsy technique used in support of pharmacokinetic studies through the application of a one-port system. Twelve Holstein steers were fasted for 24 h and sedated with acepromazine and xylaxine in preparation for laparoscopic surgery in standing stocks. Lidocaine 2% was injected to provide local anesthesia for introduction of the trocar-cannula assembly. The operating endoscope was inserted and the abdomen was insufflated with CO2. A biopsy forceps was introduced into the channel of the operating endoscope to obtain a 100 mg kidney cortex sample. Eighteen laparoscopic procedures provided 18 kidney samples suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. No complications were encountered. The one-port laparoscopic kidney biopsy is feasible and safe, and advanced skill required for triangulation is not necessary for its performance. 相似文献
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This experimental study compares the efficiency of two fenestrated balloon catheters in allowing drainage of fluid during abdominal lavage in 12 healthy horses. Catheter A (with multiple side holes) or catheter B (with a single side hole) was placed in the ventral abdominal wall. Lactated Ringer's solution was instilled through a catheter in each paralumbar fossa of the standing horse. Drainage was performed through two catheters A in group 1, one catheter A in group 2, and one catheter B in group 3. Drainage was not significantly faster when using two, as compared with one, catheters A (P = 1). Amount of fluids recovered was greater using catheter A compared with catheter B (P = .004). Abdominal fluid analysis on day 30 was significantly higher (P = .008) for total protein in individuals with catheter B compared with catheter A. Use of one multiple fenestrated balloon catheter may be justified in clinical cases that need abdominal lavage and drainage. 相似文献
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Cryptorchidectomy is the most commonly performed laparoscopic procedure in horses. However, its use for the extraction of an abdominal testis has disadvantages such as loss of a resected testis from grasp and fragmentation of the specimen because of the excessive tension required for extraction through a thick body wall. The ring wound retractor laparoscopic port system was recently used in human and small animal surgery to perform laparoscopic-assisted procedures and retrieve large specimens from the abdomen. In the present case, the wound retractor was placed as the ventral port in the right flank through a minilaparotomy. Thereafter, the cap with the gas inlet and instrument port was connected. The other two ports were placed dorsally using 10-mm stainless steel cannulas. Grasping forcep was introduced through the ventral port, and the laparoscope and vessel-sealing devices were introduced through the dorsal ports. After the testis was resected, it was retrieved from the abdomen through the retractor without the grasping forceps jaw being released. This is the first case report describing the use of the wound retractor laparoscopic port system for standing cryptorchidectomy in a horse. This system can be a feasible and safe option for flank laparoscopy in horses, and it facilitates specimen retrieval from the abdominal cavity, but further studies should confirm this preliminary report. 相似文献
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祁连山退化草地狼毒群落土壤种子库的空间格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对祁连山退化草地狼毒群落土壤种子库进行研究。结果显示:(1)狼毒群落土壤种子库毒杂草物种的数量和密度占优势;(2)禾草的种子库密度随退化梯度的增加而减少直至消失,多年生杂草存在于各个植被梯度且密度较大;(3)群落物种数量及其密度呈现0~5cm10~15cm5~10cm的分布规律,各土层内密度差异明显;(4)不同梯度下种子库(0~15cm)的Shannon-wiener指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数波动变化趋势基本一致,而优势度指数与之变化趋势相反,土壤种子库0~5cm与种子库(0~15cm)物种多样性的变化具有较大的相似性;(5)随着退化梯度的增加,种子库和植被的相似系数减小,狼毒等毒杂草的大量繁衍显著的改变了草地群落的功能群结构,自然状态下种子库对原生地带性植被建群种更新的贡献率降低,植被恢复问题严峻。 相似文献