共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
优良经济竹种红竹生物量的研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
对设置在安吉竹种园的红竹林试验样地进行了生物量测定。红竹1～5年生秆、枝和叶的平均含水率分别为50.4％、44.1％和53.8％。秆、枝和叶均以基部含水率最高,向上逐渐减小。其各自的生物量占地上部分总生物量以秆为最高(达70.3％～79.3％),叶最小(仅占6.5％～12.1％)。竹秆的生物量分布中心集中在秆基部,向梢部锐减,而枝和叶集中在分枝中部。地下部分生物量和竹林凋落物生物量占竹林总生物量分别为16.7％和8.9％。红竹林生物量地上和地下部分分配格式和疏林与灌丛生态系统相吻合。 相似文献
2.
3.
对闽南地区麻竹人工林地上部分生物量模型及现存生物量结构进行了研究。结果表明:以模型m=a·(D2H)b对麻竹地上部分总生物量和秆生物量进行估计较为可靠,而对枝、叶生物量的估计需引进枝下高因子h及模型m=a·Db·(H-h)C或m=a·Db·[(H-h)/h]C.闽南地区麻竹人工林地上部分平均现存生物量为39.518t·hm-2,按年龄分配为:3年生生物量最高,占59.17%,其次为2年生、4年生、5年生;按器官分配为:秆生物量最高,占62.81%,其次为枝、叶。地上部分总生物量与秆生物量随竹秆高度增加而递减,枝、叶生物量自6～8m区分段分别向秆基及秆梢递减。 相似文献
4.
依据Harper的构件生物结构理论和种群生态学方法,对实心狭叶方竹种群的生物量结构和地下茎生长规律进行了研究.结果表明:(1)实心狭叶方竹种群各构件单位的生物量配置为:秆(36.30%)>叶(21.13%)>枝(17.82%)>篼(13.43%)>鞭(10.18%)>根(1.14%).其中地上部分生物量占75.25%,主要集中在1～3龄;不同年龄地上部分各构件单位的生物量分配有较大差异.秆、枝、叶的含水率均以1年生新竹最高,并随年龄的增长而逐渐减小.(2)实心狭叶方竹秆基、秆柄和竹鞭等地下茎各构件较小;秆基和竹鞭上萌芽转化为壮芽的成功率较低;竹鞭主要生长在0～15 cm的土层,幼壮龄鞭有趋浅的动态,不利于其无性系种群的克隆生长,可能是导致其种源稀少的原因之一. 相似文献
5.
对闽南地区麻竹人工林地上部分生物量模型及现存生物量结构进行了研究。结果表明：以模型ｍ＝ａ·（Ｄ２Ｈ）ｂ对麻竹地上部分总生物量和秆生物量进行估计较为可靠,而对枝、叶生物量的估计需引进枝下高因子ｈ及模型ｍ＝ａ·Ｄｂ·（Ｈ－ｈ）Ｃ或ｍ＝ａ·Ｄｂ·［（Ｈ－ｈ）／ｈ］Ｃ。闽南地区麻竹人工林地上部分平均现存生物量为３９．５１８ｔ·ｈｍ－２,按年龄分配为：３年生生物量最高,占５９．１７％,其次为２年生、４年生、５年生;按器官分配为：秆生物量最高,占６２．８１％,其次为枝、叶。地上部分总生物量与秆生物量随竹秆高度增加而递减,枝、叶生物量自６～８ｍ区分段分别向秆基及秆梢递减 相似文献
6.
7.
本研究以筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分为研究对象,测定分析了1~4年生分株地上部分各构件生物量及含水率,建立人工筇竹分株地上部分各构件的生物量及总生物量模型,以期为人工筇竹林的经营管理及其碳汇项目的开发提供科学依据。结果表明：随着筇竹分株年龄的增加,各构件含水率和生物量均逐渐减少,筇竹1~4年生分株地上部分平均含水率分别为57.62%、53.40%、50.01%、42.66%,平均生物量分别为133.99、123.31、109.76、85.39 g/m2;各年龄分株地上部分生物量的分配均呈现出秆＞枝＞叶的变化规律。不同年龄分株的胸径与秆、枝、叶生物量及地上部分总生物量均有极显著相关性(P＜0.01)。以胸径为自变量建立的各年龄筇竹分株地上部分总生物量模型的决定系数(R2)均在0.93以上,具有较高的可信度,也有着较强的适用性,可用于类似立地条件下的筇竹分株生物量估测。 相似文献
8.
毛竹人工林生物量结构变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对会同县经营10年的毛竹人工林林分生物量结构变化进行研究,结果表明:人工竹林不同龄级、径级、枝下高级和不同密度的生物量分配,81.2%生物量分配于1~7年生幼龄、壮龄、中龄竹;83.4%生物量分配于胸径11~15 cm之内;90.7%的生物量分配于枝下高7~11 m之内;86.2%生物量分配于立竹4 500~9 000株/hm2的林分之内,其中立竹4 500~6 750株/hm2的中密度林分,群体和个体生物量都表现出较高的水平。试验竹林垂直总生物量和地上、地下生物量比对照竹林分别增多1.81倍和1.97倍、1.56倍,地上与地下生物量之比为1.774∶1,经济系数为0.501,生物量从大到小的排序,地上部分为秆﹥枝﹥叶﹥凋落物﹥竹箨﹥退笋,地下部分为鞕根﹥竹鞕﹥竹蔸﹥竹根﹥死鞕。 相似文献
9.
巴郎山川滇高山栎灌丛地上生物量及其对海拔梯度的响应 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
采用标准地和样方收获法,对卧龙自然保护区5个海拔高度上18个样地的川滇高山栎灌丛生物量进行调查.结果表明:1)用地径(D)、树高(H)估测单株木各器官生物量的适合模型为指数模型和幂函数模型,指数模型最佳,相关系数0.941～0.998;而用D2H估测单株木各器官生物量的适合模型为直线和指数模型,直线模型最佳,相关系数0.982～0.996;2)川滇高山栎灌丛群落地上部分总生物量为25.22 t·hm-2,各层生物量排序为川滇高山栎灌木层＞枯枝落叶层＞伴生灌木＞苔藓层＞草本层,其生物量占总生物量的百分率分别为72.20%、23.71%、1.80%、1.66%和0.63%;3)川滇高山栎灌木种群平均总生物量为18.21 t·hm-2,各器官生物量大小为干＞枝＞叶＞皮,分别占总生物量的43.28%、26.88%、19.82%和10.02%.海拔2 720～2 920 m地带川滇高山栎灌木干、枝、叶、皮的生物量比例约为4:3:2:1;海拔3 020～3 120 m地带川滇高山栎灌木干、枝、叶、皮的生物量比例约为4:2:2:1.4)随着海拔升高,川滇高山栎优势单株地径、高度及生物量呈减小趋势.海拔2 720～2 920 m处,川滇高山栎灌木地上部分各器官生物量呈纺锤形分布,集中分布在株干高2.0～3.0 m处,约占总量的60%～70%;在海拔3 020～3120 m处或低海拔的干旱生境,川滇高山栎种群地上部分器官生物量呈金字塔形分布,个体地上部分生物量分布随树干的升高而降低,集中分布在0～1.0 m处,占总生物量的60%以上,0.0～2.0 m处的生物量占总生物量的94%～99%. 相似文献
10.
研究杉木林下的苦竹,在杉木采伐、炼山后的恢复生长情况.研究表明苦竹具有很强的生长能力,在无人工促进情况下,前两年新竹的平均直径分别为0.47 cm、0.58 cm,平均高度为54.7 cm、109.3cm,新竹数量16.7株·m-2、9.4株·m-2,郁闭度为0.33、1.0;地上部生物量为965 g·m-2、1 071g·m-2,其中叶片的生长量较秆、茎大,约占地上部生物量的一半.前两年间的生物量无显著差异. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
16.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献