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1.
Lorenzana MG López-Wilchis R Gómez CS Aranzabal MC 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2007,36(3):230-240
The macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the epididymis of the sexually mature Peromyscus winkelmanni (carleton) was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The epididymis was divided into three regions: caput, corpus and cauda. The epididymal duct was lined with columnar and cubic epithelium with stereocilia and covered by a muscular connective tissue sheath. Capillaries appear to penetrate directly into the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue in the initial segment. The epididymal epithelium presents four cell types: principal, basal, apical and clear cells. Based on morphological differences (height of epithelial cells, length of the stereocilia, luminal area, larger diameter and spermatic index), the epididymis of P. winkelmanni, presents seven zones. The stereocilia of the epididymal ducts of zones I, II, IV and V are thick and tall, while in zone III they are thin and short. The stereocilia in zone VI are thin, while in zone VII they are short but thick. The secretory products observed in the lumen of the epididymal ducts have vesicular, granular and fibrous form in the seven zones. This study contributes to an understanding of the morphofunctional features of the epididymis in sperm maturation in a species that shows seasonal reproductive activity. 相似文献
2.
Ha TY Kim HS Shin T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(4):351-356
The expression of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were examined in the testis and epididymis of a thoroughbred horse. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of eNOS immunostaining in some germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and in vascular endothelial cells in the interstitial tissues. Interstitial cells, most likely Leydig cells, were also intensely immunopositive for eNOS. The pattern of immunostaining for nNOS was similar to that for eNOS in the testis. Weak expression of iNOS was detected in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, but intense expression was found in interstitial cells. Inducible NOS was also strongly detected in stereocilia, sperm, epithelium and connective tissue of the epididymis of normal horses. These findings suggest that three isoforms of NOS are expressed in the testis and epididymis of horse and that they play important roles in the biology of interstitial cells that produce testosterone, as well as in spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. 相似文献
3.
J Kozumplík 《Veterinární medicína》1987,32(6):343-354
Seventeen gonad pairs of boars and ten gonad pairs of bulls were examined to evaluate the migration of protoplasmic droplets and the phagocytosis of defective spermatozoa. The material for a microscopic investigation of secretions was collected from two sites in the testis and from seven sites in the epididymis. The greatest motion of protoplasmic droplets was recorded in the caput epididymidis, although the migration of droplets from the proximal section of the connective part of the flagellum towards the distal parts could also be observed as far as in the cauda epididymidis in both animals. A proximally located droplet still occurred in the cauda epididymidis in 4.5% of the spermatozoa of boars and in 1.9% of those of bulls. Absent mitochondrial spirals or swollen connective parts were observed in the imprints of testicular tissue in almost 50% of the spermatozoa whereas in the secretion of efferent ducts they were observed only in 0.3% of bull spermatozoa and about 3% of boar spermatozoa. No such defects were recorded in the epididymis head and tail in either of the two species. The marked reduction in the number of defective spermatozoa without mitochondrial spirals in the secretion of efferent ducts and after passage through the caput epididymidis testifies to the phagocytic ability of the epithelium of this part of efferent ducts. 相似文献
4.
The entire ductus epididymidis is characterized by pseudostratified columnar epithelium which contain principal and basal cells. Apical cells are found in the proximal segments. Long stereocilia projected from the apical surface of the principal cells. Signs of adjacent apocrine secretory activity are shown. The various segments of the ductus epididymidis present differences in the height of the epithelium, the development of the stereocilia, the appearance of granules in the cytoplasm, the luminal sperm concentration and the height of the peritubular layer. 相似文献
5.
A histological and immunohistochemical study of the epididymis of 21 cats which ranged from 7 to 8 months to 2 years of age was made. Five different cell types were observed in the feline epididymis: principal and basal cells, which were the most numerous, apical and narrow, PAS positive cells, which were scarce, and migratory cells, consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages. Four morphologically distinct areas of the cat epididymis were identified. Region I displayed a stellate lumen and the principal cells were tall and presented long and irregular stereocilia. In region II, the lumen was oval and the principal cells were shorter than in the inicial area. Region III displayed characteristics similar to those of region I; the principal difference was the presence of short and regular stereocilia on the surface of the principal cells. In region IV the lumen was very spacious and the epithelium shorter than in the other regions. In regions I, II, and III intraepithelial cavities were observed. With regard to the immunohistochemical results, the basal cells displayed medium immunoreactivity with vimentin. Due to its anti-desmin reactivity, the muscle wall which surrounds the epididymis was seen to become progresively thicker as it nears the tail. Broad-spectrum anti-cytokeratin serum produced intense immunostaining in the basal, apical and narrow, PAS positive cells; the principal cells of region IV also displayed a strong immunoreactivity. 相似文献
6.
Ha TY Ahn MJ Lee YD Yang JH Kim HS Shin TK 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2003,4(1):21-28
Lectins are glycoproteins of plant and animal origin that have the ability to bind specific carbohydrate residues of cell glycoconjugates, particularly in terminal positions. In this study, the binding of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (isolectin B4), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), was studied in the reproductive systems of male thoroughbred horses.DBA was detected in the stereocilia of the caput and corpus epididymis, and in the vas deferens. It was weakly detected in connective tissue of the corpus epididymis. Strong SBA staining was seen in epithelial cells in the testis, stereocilia of the corpus and cauda epididymis, and in the vas deferens. There were intense positive reactions for isolectin B4 in interstitial cells in all tissue and serosa of the vas deferens. PNA staining was seen only in stereocilia in the caput and corpus epididymis, and in the vas deferens. Strong WGA staining was seen throughout the testis, except in Sertoli cells, stereocilia, and connective tissue. UEA-I was detected in secondary spermatids, stereocilia, and epithelial cells of the cauda epididymis. These results show that degenerating cells in the testis, epididymal tubules, and vas deferens have differential affinities for lectins, and suggest that lectins play a role in the reproductive system of the horse. The heterogeneity of the lectin staining pattern in the reproductive tubules of adult horses suggests that the carbohydrate composition of each cell type is region specific. 相似文献
7.
BC Schimming CAE Baumam PFF Pinheiro R de Matteis RF Domeniconi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(4):617-624
Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins that facilitate the transepithelial and bidirectional movement of water. AQP9 is an aquaporin that is expressed in the mammalian epididymis. This water transport contributes to epididymal sperm concentration. This study aimed to examine the morphology of epididymal epithelium in piglets and boars, as well as the expression and immunolocalization of AQP9. The piglets presented an epididymal epithelium in differentiation with principal, basal and apical cells. The cellular population of the epididymal epithelium in boars consisted of principal, basal, apical, clear and narrow cells. The migratory cells known as halo cells were observed in the epididymis of both piglets and boars. AQP9 expression presented differences between piglets and boars. Moderate intensity of AQP9 immunoreaction was observed in the apical border of the epididymal epithelium of the caput and cauda regions in the piglet epididymis. A moderate‐to‐intense reaction for AQP9 was observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells of the three epididymal regions in the boar epididymis. The region of the cauda epididymis showed reactivity for AQP9 also in the apical border of the epithelium. It is believed that the AQP9 is already functional in piglets at only 1 week of age and is more active, playing a pivotal role in the caput and cauda regions of the epididymis. Moreover, the intense AQP9 expression in the apical border of epithelial cells in the cauda region of the boar epididymis suggests a higher performance of AQP9 in this region, where sperm complete their maturation process, stored and concentrated. 相似文献
8.
P.I. Rekwot E.O. Oyedipe P.M. Dawuda V.O. Sekoni 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1997,153(3):341-347
Serum testosterone concentrations and the spermiograms of prepuberal bulls fed two levels of protein diets were investigated at 7, 10, 14 and 18 months of age. Scrotal circumference, body condition score and total sperm counts of those animals on a high protein diet were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those on a low protein diet. However, sperm motility, total dead sperm and abnormal sperm did not differ between the treatment groups (P <0.05). One bull fed a high protein diet had significantly higher testosterone concentrations (basal and peak) than a bull fed low protein throughout the four sampling periods (P <0.05). Testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference, volume of semen, sperm concentration and sperm output of bulls on low and high protein diets increased significantly with age (P <0.05). Peak testosterone concentrations ranged from 1.1. ng ml−1 at 7 months to a maximum of 5.3 ng ml−1 at 18 months. The 24 h secretory patterns of testosterone were episodic, pulsatile or temporal in nature. The peaks occurred mostly in the morning hours and ranged from one to five in number. Protein intake in prepubertal bulls could have significant influence on spermiogram and testosterone production. 相似文献
9.
本试验采用PCR—RFLP方法分析了GnRH基因外显子2和LHR基因内含子9在144头中国荷斯坦牛和79头河南地方肉牛品种中的多态性,利用最小二乘法分析多态位点不同基因型与精液品质性状的关系。研究结果表明,2～3岁荷斯坦牛的鲜精活力显著高于4岁以上的牛,而畸形率显著低于7岁以上的牛。对2～4岁荷斯坦牛不同精液品质性状的简单相关分析表明,畸形率与顶体完整率和冻精活力呈显著的负相关（相关系数r分别为-0．736和-0．500）。不同基因型与精液品质性状的关联分析结果表明,144头中国荷斯坦牛所研究位点不同基因型对精液品质性状没有显著影响。而河南地方肉牛GnRH基因外显子2的A883G位点GG基因型的精子密度显著低于AA和AG基因型．LHR基因G51656T位点的TT基因型精子密度显著高于GT基因型,未检测到GG基因型。并且发现随着年龄的增长,种公牛的精液品质逐渐变差。GnRH和LHR基因可作为影u向肉牛精液品质性状的候选基因。 相似文献
10.
Seasonal and Ageing‐Depending Changes of Aquaporins 1 and 9 Expression in the Genital Tract of Buffalo Bulls (Bubalus bubalis) 
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下载免费PDF全文 The presence of Aquaporins 1 (AQP1) and 9 (AQP9), integral membrane water channels that facilitate rapid passive movement of water and solutes, was immunohistochemically detected in the excurrent ducts collected from sexually mature buffalo bulls of proven fertility during the mating (late autumn–winter) and non‐mating (late spring to the beginning of autumn) seasons. Furthermore, the research was performed also on the epididymal cauda of a senile buffalo bull with inactive testis. Aquaporins 1 and 9 were immunolocalized at distinct levels. In the efferent ducts, AQP1 immunoreactivity was strongly evidenced at the apical surface of the non‐ciliated cells and weakly along the basal membrane of the epithelial cells. The latter reactivity disappeared during the non‐mating season. No AQP1 immunoreactivity was detected in the epithelium of epididymis and vas deferens, whereas AQP1 was expressed in the smooth muscle layer of the vas deferens. Aquaporin 1 was present in the blood vessels and in small nerve bundles all along the genital tract. The supranuclear zone of the epididymal principal cells was AQP9 immunoreactive, limited to the corpus and cauda regions, and vas deferens. The samples collected in the two reproductive seasons showed a weaker AQP9 immunoreactivity during the non‐mating season. A typical AQP9 immunoreactivity was noticed in the old buffalo examined. The tested AQP molecules showed a different expression pattern in comparison with laboratory mammals, primates, equine, dog and cat. In addition, seasonal differences were noticed which are possibly useful in regard to the comprehension of the morphophysiology of reproduction in the bubaline species, which are still a matter of debate. 相似文献
11.
The histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) was determined in regions I to VI of the epididymis in mature intact, orchidectomized, and orchidectomized testosterone-treated bulls. The intensity of ALP activity was essentially the same in all regions; however, its localization varied depending upon the region. Although the stereocilia and luminal border of epithelial cells were strongly-positive in regions I to III, these were negative in regions IV to VI. The basement membrane and circumtubular smooth muscle cells were strongly ALP reactive in all regions. Epithelial ALP activity was abolished completely by orchidectomy; however, it was restored to normal concentration by testosterone treatment implying its dependence on circulating testosterone. The ACP activity was present in the epithelial cells of all regions with the strongest activity in the supranuclear region. Similar to ALP, ACP activity was markedly reduced in the epithelial cells by orchidectomy. However, in contrast to ALP activity, lost ACP activity was only minimally increased by testosterone treatment in all regions, except in region VI where it was restored to a normal concentration. These observations imply that although the epithelial ACP activity of region VI was mainly under the influence of circulatory testosterone, there may be other factors such as luminal androgens, testicular fluid, and sperm that may be important in regulating the ACP activity of regions I to V of the epididymis. The importance of ALP and ACP in the epididymal epithelium was discussed. 相似文献
12.
用组织学和免疫组织化学方法调查达乌尔黄鼠精子形成季节性变化和细胞色素芳香化酶(P450 arom)在精巢和附睾中的免疫位置。黄鼠繁殖期与非繁殖期精巢大小、重量、生精小管直径存在显著差异;黄鼠繁殖期精巢中存在从精原细胞到有尾精子各期生殖细胞,非繁殖期精巢中只存在精原细胞和初级精母细胞。另外,繁殖期黄鼠附睾管中存在大量有尾精子,而非繁殖期附睾中未见精子存在。繁殖期P450 arom在黄鼠精巢的间质细胞、支持细胞、精子细胞和附睾头部输出小管上皮细胞都有发现,而在非繁殖期没有发现它的活力。这些结果表明达乌尔黄鼠精子形成、成熟是伴随着精巢复发和退行呈现显著季节性变化,雌激素在精子形成和成熟过程中起着重要的生理性作用。 相似文献
13.
HJ Williams SG Revell SFE Scholes AE Courtenay RF Smith 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e212-e216
On assessment for use in an AI stud, a 12‐month‐old bull was found to produce low volume ejaculates with 41% of the sperm having morphological abnormalities. No left epididymal tail was palpable and the head of the epididymis on the left was twice the size compared with the right. Ultrasound examination showed the left testis to contain a large central area of decreased echogenicity, which could be followed proximally to a 15‐mm echolucent lesion at the site of the epididymal head. Postmortem examination revealed a 15‐mm diameter cyst in the region of the left epididymal head, and absence of the body and tail of the epididymis. The mediastinum testis of the left testis was dilated, corresponding to the area of decreased echogenicity observed on ultrasonography. No left seminal vesicle was present and the ampulla was significantly smaller than the same structure on the right. Histological examination revealed incomplete or absent spermatogenesis involving the majority of seminiferous tubules in the left testis, and a small proportion of those of the right testis. The cystic structure at the site of the left epididymal head was lined by irregular, sometimes attenuated, epithelium and contained sparse spermatozoa. This case demonstrates the adverse impact, which segmental aplasia of the mesonephric duct had on the testicular and epididymal function of a bull, and highlights the importance of careful clinical assessment in its diagnosis. 相似文献
14.
H. B. S. Ariyaratna V. K. Gunawardana M. A. Navaratne 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1996,25(3):161-165
The distribution of phosphatases was examined in the epididymis of swamp buffaloes aged 1.5-2 years, where spermatogenic activity in the testis had reached the early primary spermatocyte stage. A granular distribution of acid phosphatase was present in the luminal region of the epithelium of the efferent ductules. In the ductus epididymidis, four zones were identified and all zones showed varying degrees of acid-phosphatase activity in the epithelium, with the most pronounced activity in the apical region and stereocilia of zone II. Alkaline-phosphatase activity occurred along the basal region of the epithelium in zones I. III and IV of the ductus and in the stereocilia of zones I and II. An intense apical reaction was seen in zone II. The efferent ducts were free of this enzyme. Thus, zone II is considered the most active region, having the function of absorption and possibly steroid metabolism. 相似文献
15.
BC Schimming PFF Pinheiro R de Matteis CM Machado RF Domeniconi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):617-624
Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential membrane protein channels for the transport of water across membranes. Fluid movement in the epididymis is important for modulation of the luminal environment, in which sperm mature and reside. This study was designed to understand the morphology and localization of AQPs in ram efferent ducts (ED) and epididymis. For this purpose, the epididymis of seven animals were removed for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. AQP1 immunoreactivity was observed in the apex of the ED, and AQP9 was found adjacent to the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the ED. The epithelial lining of ram epididymis is pseudostratified columnar and presents principal, basal, apical and narrow cells. In the initial segment (IS), a moderate reaction for AQP1 was observed in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells. An intense reactivity for AQP1 was noted over the microvilli of principal cells and in spermatozoa in the caput. In the corpus and cauda, AQP1 was noted only over the endothelial cells of vascular channels located in intertubular spaces. A weak‐to‐moderate reaction for AQP9 was observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the IS, caput and corpus of the epididymis. In the cauda, an intense reaction to AQP9 was observed in the epithelial border. In the IS, caput and corpus, the reactivity for AQP9 differed from those observed in domestic animals. The cauda showed a pattern similar to that previously described. These results indicate that AQPs 1 and 9 have reversed locations and roles in rams, suggesting activity variations related with fluid and solute absorption throughout the epididymis. 相似文献
16.
J Storz E J Carroll E H Stephenson L Ball A K Eugster 《American journal of veterinary research》1976,37(5):517-520
Five mature rams and 4 bulls were inoculated parenterally with bovine or ovine chlamydial strains of type 1 and 2. One to 3 days later, all animals developed a chlamydemia lasting 4 to 8 days. Chlamydial agents were isolated from the semen near the end of the chlamydemic phase. All rams and 3 of 4 inoculated bulls excreted chlamydiae in the semen for 22 to 29 days. From 8 to 39 days after inoculation, selected rams or bulls were killed to test for chlamydial infection in the urogenital tract and other organs. Chlamydiae were isolated in developing chicken embryos from testis, epididymis, and accessory sex glands. Bulls examined 29 and 39 days after inoculation did not harbor chlamydiae. Chlamydiae were also not isolated from 3 control bulls which were from the same herd as the principal bulls. All inoculated bulls and rams had a group-specific chlamydial antibody response within 7 days. The titers reached maximal levels of 128 to 512 at 14 days after inoculation. Subsequently, the antibody titers decreased gradually. Seminal plasma collected at different times after animals were inoculated did not fix complement in the presence of chlamydial group antigen. The number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the semen increased during the experiment. The semen was grossly purulent in 2 rams inoculated with the type 2 chlamydial strain of polyarthritis. 相似文献
17.
Ivona Travnickova Pavlina Hulinska Svatava Kubickova Katerina Hanzalova Bartozs Kempisty Lucie Nemcova Marie Machatkova 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(6):864-871
The study investigated the effects of sperm sorting, capacitation treatment and co-cultivation on sexed bovine in vitro embryo production. The effect of treatment and co-culture on production of embryos of the preferred sex from unsorted sperm was also studied. Sperm from five breeding bulls was used for fertilization of mature oocytes as follows : Experiment 1, sorted and unsorted sperm (bulls A-E) treated only with heparin in standard co-cultures; Experiment 2, sorted sperm (bulls A-E) treated with heparin-PHE (penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine) or heparin-caffeine in drop co-cultures; and Experiment 3, unsorted sperm (bull E) treated with either heparin-PHE or heparin-caffeine in both standard and drop co-cultures. In all bulls, treatment with heparin resulted in significantly (p < .05) reduced cleavage and blastocyst rates from sorted sperm, as compared with those from unsorted sperm. In bulls A, B, D and E, treatment of sorted sperm with heparin-PHE in drops significantly increased the blastocyst rate (p < .05). In unsorted sperm of bull E, heparin-PHE treatment in drops resulted in the XX/XY sex ratio inverse to that obtained by heparin-caffeine treatment in standard co-cultures (32.3%/67.7% and 66.7%/33.3%, respectively). In conclusion, the treatment of sorted sperm with heparin-PHE in modified drop co-cultures can be recommended for production of in vitro sexed embryos. The use of unsorted sperm for production of embryos of the preferred sex by selected capacitation treatment and co-culture can be the method of choice in bulls with low IVF yields from sorted sperm. 相似文献
18.
Shimaa R. Masoud Afaf A. Kishta Omaima M. Kandil Said I. Fathalla Sherif M. Shawky Ahmed Sabry S. Abdoon 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(12):1506-1510
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) on testicle and epididymis biometrics, semen characteristics and testosterone level in Egyptian Jack. This study was conducted on 50 mature Jacks divided according to their body condition score into four groups: Poor (G1), moderate (G2), good (G3) and fat (G4). The complete testis was collected immediately after execution in the Giza Zoo abattoir; then, the epididymis was carefully dissected at the testicular junction. Biometrical measures including length, weight and volume were determined for the right and left testis and epididymis. Also, epididymal sperm was collected from all examined animas and evaluated for sperm concentration, progressive motility, viability and sperm abnormalities. Serum samples were collected for determination of total testosterone level. Results showed that the body condition score of the examined animal affects their biometrical measure of testicles and epididymis. There is a significant decrease (p < .05) in biometrical measures for the testicles and epididymis, sperm concentration, motility, viability and testosterone level in poor BCS animals (G1). The highest values were recorded in Good BCS (G3) Jacks. Conclusion: Jacks with good BCS (G3) should be selected for breeding activity in donkey. 相似文献
19.
20.
Distribution of CD68‐, CD8‐, MHCI‐ and MHCII‐positive cells in the bull and ram testis and epididymis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B. Güney Saruhan H. Sağsöz E. Akbalık M. A. Ketani S. Erdoğan 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(4):313-321
The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. The testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. Thus, this study aimed to immunohistochemically demonstrate the distribution and localization of CD68‐, CD8‐, MHCI‐ and MHCII‐positive immune cells in the testes and epididymes. Negative immunoreactivity was detected in the seminiferous tubule epithelium and peritubular myoid cells of the testes upon staining in CD68, CD8 and MHC Class I. Positive CD68 immunoreaction was determined in the Sertoli cells and some Leydig cells. The detection of positive cells for CD8 clearly indicated the presence of lymphocytes. Furthermore, the staining with MHCI intensity was ascertained to vary from weak to moderate in the Sertoli and Leydig cells and connective tissue cells. MHCII‐positive immunoreactivity was determined in myoid cells and Leydig cells in the interstitial area. The epithelium of the epididymis showed positive staining for CD68 and CD8, but the stroma displayed a rather weak staining. In the ram epididymis, neither intraepithelial nor interstitial positive reaction was observed for MHCI. In the epididymis, the basal cells displayed a stronger staining for MHCII. In conclusion, these cells not only contribute to local immunity through their direct effects on the quality of fertility in males, but also contribute either directly or indirectly to immune privilege by minimizing the development of both autoimmune reactions and potentially harmful risks. 相似文献