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1.
In Transylvania, part of Romania, fungi are traditionally used in the human medicine, handicraft, and several customs for a long time past. This study aimed at systematic collecting of ethnomycological and ethnomedicinal data of Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. and Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst. in Corund in south-eastern Transylvania. In addition, we aimed to compare our data with earlier ethnomycological and pharmacological records of the region and other countries. The fieldwork was carried out in Corund in 2012–2013. The visited “toplász” people who work with tinders were asked with semi-structured interviews to list the harvesting method and time, storage and preparations, as well as the ethnomycological and ethnomedicinal use of the fruit body of tinder fungus and birch polypore. Literature data were collected from the major scientific databases. The ethnomycological use of tinder fungus and birch polypore starts with the traditional steps of collection, storage, and trimming and involves the use for ethnomedicinal purposes and preparation of unique handmade products. These preparations are still available on national and international markets nowadays. The ethnobotanical use of these fungi resulted in a special local occupation in Corund, which is a unique activity in the world. Unfortunately, it seems to be a disappearing tradition nowadays because of the lack of transmission. Therefore, these living data should be urgently documented and preserved for the maintenance of this valuable local tradition and knowledge of Székelys.  相似文献   

2.
We evaluated the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on reproduction, the mitotic cycle, and on the root and leaf anatomy of Pistia stratiotes. Reductions in reproductive structures, symptoms of toxicity, and abnormalities in the cell cycle were noted in plants submitted to the highest Cd concentrations. The effects of the highest concentrations of cadmium could also be observed in the thickening of the epidermis, exoderm, and endoderm of the roots and by reductions in the number of crystalline idioblasts. Furthermore, decreases in the percentages of aerenchyma in the leaf blades and increases in the Carlquist vulnerability indexes of plants exposed to the highest concentrations of Cd were observed. The phytotoxicity of cadmium was quite evident in P. stratiotes, and it could thus be used as a bioindicator species as it was also tolerant of that pollutant.  相似文献   

3.
The use of plants for ecological remediation is an important method of controlling heavy metals in polluted land. Cotinus coggygria is a landscape plant that is used extensively in landscaping and afforestation. In this study, the cadmium tolerance level of C. coggygria was evaluated using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to lay a theoretical foundation for broad applications of this species in Cd-polluted areas and provide theoretical support to broaden the application range of the EIS technique. Two-year-old potted seedlings of C. coggygria were placed in a greenhouse to analyse the changes in the growth, water content and EIS parameters of the roots following treatment with different Cd concentrations (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg?1), and soil without added Cd was used as the control. The roots grew well following Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg?1. The Cd contents increased with the increase in Cd concentration in the soil. However, the lowest root Cd content was found at 4 months of treatment. The extracellular resistance re and the intracellular resistance ri increased first overall and then decreased with the increasing Cd concentration, and both parameters increased with a longer treatment duration. The water content had a significant negative correlation with the Cd content (P?<?0.01) and the re (P?<?0.05). C. coggygria could tolerate a soil Cd concentration of 100 mg kg?1. There was a turning point in the growth, water content and EIS parameters of the C. coggygria roots when the soil Cd concentration reached 200 mg kg?1. The root water content and re could reflect the level of Cd tolerance in C. coggygria.  相似文献   

4.
Native grasses that have acceptable forage yield and quality can play an important role in the sustainable development and protection of soil ecosystem. In this study, we investigate a native grass of northern China, Cleistogenes songorica, showing promise for erosion control. We used a rainfall simulation method to compare the effects of C. songorica roots and tall fescue roots (Festuca arundinacea) on soil erosion in sandy loam field plots with irrigation during establishment in 2011 and under mild or severe drought treatments in 2012 and 2013. Root length (RL), root diameter (RD), soil bulk density (SBD), soil field capacity (FC), sediment yield (SY), and root biomass (RB) of each soil monolith were sampled in the topsoil layer (0–10 cm) with a rectangular geotome. The proportion of stable aggregates in soil and the soil anti-scouring properties were also evaluated. C. songorica had higher RD than tall fescue throughout the experiment and evolved higher RL and RB by 2013. Both C. songorica and tall fescue enhanced the erosion resistance of soil, but C. songorica stabilized soil more effectively than did tall fescue. The proportion of stable soil aggregates was greater in C. songorica plots than in tall fescue grassland under mild drought. The present study shows that C. songorica has great potential to be one of the biological resources for soil erosion resistance, water and soil conservation in arid and semi-arid areas.  相似文献   

5.
Spontaneous colonization of mine tailing dams by plants is a potential tool for phytostabilization of such reservoirs. However, the physical and chemical properties of each mine tailings deposit determine the success of natural plant establishment. The plant Baccharis linearis is the main native nanophanerophyte species (evergreen sclerophyllous shrub) that naturally colonizes abandoned copper tailings dams in arid to semiarid north-central Chile. This study compare growth of B. linearis against the physical and chemical properties of a Technosol derived from copper mine tailings. Five sites inside the deposit were selected based on B. linearis vegetation density (VD), at two soil sampling depths under the canopy of adult individuals. Physical and chemical properties of tailings samples and nutrient concentrations in tailings and plants were each determined. Some morphological features of the plants (roots and aerial parts) were also quantified. There were significant differences in soil available water capacity (AW) and relative density (Rd) at different VD. Sites with low AW and high Rd had lower nutrient concentrations and higher Zn content in tailings, decreased infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and increased fine root abundance and root hair length in individual plants. In contrast, higher AW, which was positively correlated with fine particles and organic matter content, had a positive effect on vegetation coverage, increased N and P contents in tailings, and increased N contents in leaf tissues, even when available N and P levels in tailings were low. Multiple constraints, such as low AW, N, P, and B contents and high Zn concentrations in the tailings restricted vegetation coverage, but no phenotypic differences were observed between individuals. Thus, in order to promote dense coverage by B. linearis, water retention in these tailings must be improved by increasing colloidal particles (organic and/or inorganic) contents, which have a positive effect on colonization by this species.  相似文献   

6.
The present study used 15 simple sequence repeat loci to characterize the genetic diversity of the germplasm that originated the current industrial chicory and to establish the relationships between and inside Cichoriumintybus L. and Cichorium endivia L. Initially we analyzed 19 cultivated C. endivia accessions, 27 wild and 155 cultivated C. intybus accessions distributed among three groups: 83 root chicories, 42 Witloof and 30 leaf chicories. The leaf chicories comprised cultivars corresponding to the Radicchio, Sugarloaf and Catalogne subgroups. The latter has not been previously included in any genetic diversity study. Subsequently, 1297 individuals from the 15 modern root chicory cultivars at the origin of the breeding of the current industrial root chicory cultivars were analyzed. Although the accessions of C. endivia and C. intybus were clearly separated from each other, seven wild C. intybus individuals were genetically closer to C. endivia than to C. intybus, revealing complex genetic interrelationships between these species. The differentiation of C. intybus into three cultivar groups (Witloof, root chicory and leaf chicory) was confirmed. The leaf chicory individuals were divided into three genetic subgroups, corresponding to the Radicchio, Sugarloaf and Catalogne cultivars, thus attesting to the validity of the classification based on morphological factors. Clear differentiation was observed among the Belgian, Polish and Austrian modern industrial root cultivars, but not among the French industrial modern root cultivars. The high phenotypic and genetic variability of the modern industrial root cultivars indicates that this germplasm constitutes a useful gene pool for cultivar improvement and selection.  相似文献   

7.
Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), a member of the Brassicaceae family, has been known since ancient times as a folk medicinal herb and as a plant of nutritional value and culinary interest. Currently horseradish is cultivated for its thick, fleshy and white roots which have a delicious intense pungency and for its tender leaves which are frequently used for salad mixed to other vegetables. The traditions to use horseradish plant for medicinal purpose are still applied in many countries. Horseradish is a rich source of a number of bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates (GLSs) and their breakdown products. Sinigrin is the dominant glucosinolate in both leaves and roots. Recent studies have shown that crude plant extracts have a complex profile of naturally occurring GLSs, with particular regard to sprouts. The increasing interest in these secondary metabolites, associated to the long and diffuse tradition of using horseradish in food preservation and as condiment in many parts of the world, is generating new applications of this plant in several agro-industrial and pharmaceutical sectors and is encouraging the use of its roots and leaves in functional food and medicine for human health. A bibliography review is discussed on ethnobotanical aspects and uses of this plant, as well as knowledge about its flavour compounds and GLS content and composition. This study summarizes also the updated information concerning the influence of the genotype and environment on GLS profile in horseradish.  相似文献   

8.

Purpose

Fruiting vegetables are generally considered to be safer than other vegetables for planting on cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farms. However, the risk of transferring Cd that has accumulated in the stems and leaves of fruiting vegetables is a major issue encountered with the usage of such non-edible parts. The objective of this study was to resolve the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to the production of low-Cd fruiting vegetables (focusing on the non-edible parts) on Cd-contaminated fields.

Materials and methods

An 8-week pot experiment was conducted to investigate the acquisition and translocation of Cd by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants on an unsterilized Cd-contaminated (1.6 mg kg?1) soil in response to inoculation with the AM fungus, Funneliformis caledonium (Fc) or Glomus versiforme (Gv). Mycorrhizal colonization rates of cucumber roots were assessed. Dry biomass and Cd and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the cucumber shoots and roots were all measured. Soil pH, EC, total Cd, phytoavailable (DTPA-extractable) Cd, available P, and acid phosphatase activity were also tested.

Results and discussion

Both Fc and Gv significantly increased (P?<?0.05) root mycorrhizal colonization rates and P acquisition efficiencies, and thus the total P acquisition and biomass of cucumber plants, whereas only Fc significantly increased (P?<?0.05) soil acid phosphatase activity and the available P concentration. Both Fc and Gv significantly increased (P?<?0.05) root to shoot P translocation factors, inducing significantly higher (P?<?0.05) shoot P concentrations and shoot/root biomass ratios. In contrast, both Fc and Gv significantly decreased (P?<?0.05) root and shoot Cd concentrations, resulting in significantly increased (P?<?0.05) P/Cd concentration ratios, whereas only Gv significantly decreased (P?<?0.05) the root Cd acquisition efficiency and increased (P?<?0.05) the root to shoot Cd translocation factor. Additionally, AM fungi also tended to decrease soil total and phytoavailable Cd concentrations by elevating plant total Cd acquisition and soil pH, respectively.

Conclusions

Inoculation with AM fungi increased the P acquisition and biomass of cucumber plants, but decreased plant Cd concentrations by reducing the root Cd acquisition efficiency, and resulted in a tendency toward decreases in soil phytoavailable and total Cd concentrations via increases in soil pH and total Cd acquisition by cucumber plants, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential application of AM fungi for the production of fruiting vegetables with non-edible parts that contain low Cd levels on Cd-contaminated soils.
  相似文献   

9.
Helianthus tuberosus agg., an herbaceous perennial plant from the Asteraceae family, is native to North America and was introduced as a crop to Europe in the seventeenth century. The status of this plant has been rather controversial in the Carpathian Basin. This paper reviews its taxonomy, chorology, and ethnobotany in this region, using data obtained from herbarium specimens, ethnobotanical surveys performed in Transylvania, and data published earlier, documenting the invasive features of the plant since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Our results suggest that (1) Helianthus tuberosus agg. has been present in the Carpathian Basin from the nineteenth century, (2) its taxonomy is problematic since the first part of the nineteenth century; (3) ethnobotanical surveys confirmed that the plant’s tuber has been locally used mostly as a food in Transylvania, collected from cultivation. Overall, Helianthus tuberosus agg. is both a ‘blessing and a curse’ at the same time, it is a valuable crop with beneficial nutritional value, and also an environmentally dangerous invasive element for the diversity of the flora of the Carpathian Basin.  相似文献   

10.
Yam bean [Pachyrhizus DC.] is a legume genus of the subtribe Glycininae with three root crop species [P. erosus (L.) Urban, P. tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng., and P. ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi]. Two of the four cultivar groups found in P. tuberosus were studied: the roots of ‘Ashipa’ cultivars with low root dry matter (DM) content similar to P. erosus and P. ahipa are traditionally consumed raw as fruits, whereas ‘Chuin’ cultivars with high root DM content are cooked and consumed like manioc roots. Interspecific hybrids between yam bean species are generally completely fertile. This study examines the genetic diversity of the three crop species, their potentials for breeding and the identification of useful traits to differentiate among yam bean genotypes and accessions. In total, 34 entries (genotypes and accessions) were grown during 2000?2001 at two locations in Benin, West Africa, and 75 morphological and agronomical traits, encompassing 50 quantitative and 25 qualitative characters were measured. Diversity between entries was analyzed using principal component analysis, cluster analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis. Furthermore, phenotypic variation within and among species was investigated. Intra- and interspecific phenotypic diversity was quantified using the Shannon–Weaver diversity index. A character discard was tested by variance component estimations and multiple regression analysis. Quantitative trait variation ranged from 0.81 (for total harvest index) to 49.35% (for no. of storage roots per plant). Interspecific phenotypic variation was higher than intraspecific for quantitative traits in contrast to qualitative characters. Phenotypic variation was higher in overall for quantitative than qualitative traits. In general, intraspecific phenotypic variation ranged from 0.00 to 82.61%, and from 0.00 to 80.03% for quantitative and qualitative traits, respectively. Interspecific phenotypic variation ranged from 0.00 to 95.02%, and 0.00?81.58% for the two trait types, respectively. The Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) was in general high and over 0.80 for most of the trait. Diversity within P. tuberosus was higher than within P. erosus and P. ahipa. Across the 50 quantitative and 25 qualitative traits, the Shannon–Weaver diversity index of intra- and interspecific variation was around 0.83 and 0.51, respectively and was lower for qualitative than for quantitative traits. Monomorphism was observed in eight qualitative traits and one quantitative character. The first, second and third principal components explained, respectively, 39.1, 21.3 and 8.3% of the total variation in all traits. Pachyrhizus erosus, P. ahipa, and P. tuberosus (‘Chuin’ and ‘Ashipa’) were clearly separated from each other by these analyses. Multivariate analysis of variance indicates significant differences between Pachyrhizus species for all individual or grouped traits. Discriminant function analysis revealed that the first two discriminant functions were almost significant. Biases due to unbalanced sample size used per species were small. Within each species a similar amount of diversity was observed and was determinable to 70% by only ten traits. We conclude that the cultivated yam bean species represent distinct genepools and each exhibits similarly large amounts of genetic diversity.  相似文献   

11.
Potentilla alba L. is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in folk and traditional medicine and particularly promising in complex treatment of thyroid pathology. Natural resources of this species are insufficient due to ever-growing use in contemporary medicine. Comprehensive investigations of different P. alba populations are essential for the successful extension of P. alba plantings. Aiming for a better understanding of karyotype structure, chromosome behaviour in meiosis and developing new diagnostic characters, we performed molecular cytogenetic characterization and leaf structure and ultrastructure analyses of two introduced P. alba samples originating from different habitats. Based on chromosome morphology, distribution of 45S/5S rDNA and DAPI-banding patterns, all chromosomes in the karyotypes were identified and the P. alba chromosomal idiogram was constructed. Our findings confirmed P. alba karyotype stability and also revealed several diagnostic characters of this species: the features of cells of upper and lower leaf epidermis, the presence of calcium oxalate druses and three types of leaf indumentum, essential for evaluation of genetic diversity in different populations, validation of raw materials and further selection progress. The meiotic abnormalities were detected probably related to low pollen activity and indicated the advantages of vegetative propagation in the development of a P. alba plantation system.  相似文献   

12.
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13.

Purpose

Evaluate the efficiency of Populus alba clone Villafranca in the uptake and translocation of Zn from contaminated soils.

Materials and methods

The effects of 48 days of zinc treatment (Zn t ) on the growth and the photosynthetic activities of P. alba L. clone Villafranca were studied using ZnSO4 (375 ppm per unit of soil dry weight) added in sand and peat moss substrate at the beginning of the treatment (T 0) and again after 30 days (T 1) in order to reach a target Zn concentration of 375 ppm at T 0 and 750 ppm at T 1 per unit of soil dry weight.

Results and discussion

Zn uptake in the different organs was analyzed after 30 (T 1) and 48 days (T 2) from the beginning of treatment, showing the following order: root ? leaves ≥ woody cutting = stem. The leaf area increased by 12 % in comparison to control plants at the end of second treatment (48 days). Cutting radial growth showed a high synchronicity in the growth rate fluctuation among control and Zn t plants, but a higher increase in radial diameter of Zn t cutting was observed starting from day 38 (after 8 days of second Zn t ) reaching after 48 days 38 % higher than control plants.

Conclusions

Although our data of leaf Zn concentration were in the range usually reported as toxic for plants, Villafranca clone in Zn t substrate were unaffected in terms of net CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance to water vapor.
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14.
Cuttings of black willow (Salix nigra), a naturally occurring wetland species, are used for restoration and streambank stabilization. As an adaptation to their wetland habitat, this species develops aerenchyma tissue to avoid root anoxia. To determine the effects of combined copper and ultraviolet-B radiation exposure on aerenchyma tissue (measured as root porosity), black willow cuttings were grown hydroponically and exposed to three ultraviolet-B (UV-B) intensities and three Cu concentrations in a completely randomized 3?×?3 factorial design. While both UV-B (F 2,42?=?11.45; p?=?0.0001) and Cu (F 2,42?=?6.14; p?=?0.0046) exposure increased root porosity, total biomass decreased in response to both UV-B (F 2,43?=?3.36; p?=?0.0441) and to Cu (F 2,43?=?4.03; p?=?0.0249). Root biomass decreased only in response to Cu (F 2,41?=?3.41; p?=?0.0427) resulting in a decrease in the root/shoot ratio (F 2,42?=?3.5; p?=?0.0393). Copper exposure also resulted in a decrease in the number of leaves/shoot (F 2,42?=?7.03; P?=?0.0023). No UV-B and Cu interaction was found. While the present research indicates the negative effects of Cu contamination and elevated UV-B intensities on S. nigra, it also points out potential mechanisms that S. nigra uses to alleviate these stresses.  相似文献   

15.
Germplasm collections of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum are limited, while both species face threats from over-grazing and habitat change in their natural environments. Recently many new accessions of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum were collected in east and south-east Anatolia (Turkey) but they have not yet been evaluated for agro-morphological traits. Therefore, the current study investigated agro-morphological traits of new germplasm sources of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum and evaluated resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses for chickpea improvement. The most attractive agro-morphological traits were canopy width, number of stems and pods per plant and biological yield. The most productive accessions of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum had 712 and 625 pods per plant, respectively. Two distinct seed, flower and leaf shapes were found in accessions of C. echinospermum. Path analyses indicated that biological yield and harvest index had the most direct influence on seed yield in both species. Factor analyses showed that high seed yield in C. reticulatum depended on high biological yield and number of pods per plant, whereas high seed yield in C. echinospermum depended on harvest index. It was concluded that most accessions of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum were not only resistant to some biotic and abiotic stresses but also had hidden alleles that could produce transgressive segregation in crosses to cultivated material.  相似文献   

16.
Pyrus L. is a taxonomically difficult genus mainly because of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. A majority of the wild species of Pyrus occurs in Iran, making this region very important for any study of the systematics of the genus. In this investigation, seven quantitative and seven qualitative characters of leaf epidermis, particularly epidermal cells shape, anticlinal walls patterns, type and size of stomata, and cuticular ornamentation of 22 taxa of Pyrus plus Malus orientalis are studied for assessment of their taxonomical value at different levels. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used for evaluation of epidermis features of these taxa. Some characters such as shape and anticlinal wall pattern of epidermal cells, presence of adaxial stomata, pattern of cuticular ornamentation and epicuticular wax types are useful in separation of some Pyrus taxa. Moreover, Malus orientalis is recognized easily from all Pyrus species via the density of stomata. According to ANOVA analysis, all quantitative variables show high level of between-group differentiation. Also, based on the hierarchical clustering results gained by multiple correspondence analysis and factor analysis of mixed data analyses of the current study, micromorphological characters of epidermal cells reflect the ecological conditions of pear taxa, so most of the mesophyte and xerophyte taxa can be separated from each other in accordance with epidermal cells characters, specially the anticlinal wall pattern. Totally, the application of some other biological markers, particularly suitable molecular data are needed to present well-resolved relationships among these taxa.  相似文献   

17.
Wild crop relatives are of considerable interest in plant breeding and significant efforts have been made to transfer their genetic variation into modern crops. Of the three diploid progenitors of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), only Aegilops tauschii Coss. has been explored and exploited and only for some above ground characteristics. The three wild progenitors (Aegilops speltoides Tausch., Triticum urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, and Aegilops tauschii) have never been assayed for root traits. Here we report such a root study, and include Triticum monococcum L. subsp. boeoticum (Boiss.) Hayek and T. turgidum L. subsp. dicoccoides (Koern. ex Asch. et Graebn.) Thell. Fifteen accessions were selected from the above wild species and tested in the presence of one bread wheat cultivar Pavon F76. Significant variation was observed between and within the taxa. Of all accessions tested, cv. Pavon F76 had the smallest root system at maturity while A. speltoides had the largest root system. Moreover, Aegilops spp. had larger mean values for root biomass when compared with Triticum spp. These results suggest there is significant unexplored potential for the use of wheat wild relatives in wheat breeding to improve the root system, or to develop synthetic mapping populations to study root traits.  相似文献   

18.
The present greenhouse study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of co-inoculating the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus Boletus edulis with the mycorrhiza helper bacterium Bacillus cereus HB12 or HB59 on the growth and nutrient uptake of Pinus thunbergii. The inoculation with mycorrhiza helper bacterium significantly (P?≤?0.05) increased the ectomycorrhizal colonization. Treatments with dual inoculum (the mycorrhiza helper bacterium plus mycorrhiza) significantly (P?≤?0.05) increased the P. thunbergii growth. Bacteria–mycorrhizae interactions resulted in a great utilization of phosphate and potassium. The single inoculation resulted in a higher root activity than the control while the co-inoculation led to the highest root activity. The 6-CFDA staining assay showed that B. cereus enhanced fungal activity in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. The results conclusively suggest that B. cereus isolated from the rhizosphere of P. thunbergii can potentially be used as individual inoculant or co-inoculated with ECM fungi to increase the production in sustainable ecological systems. These results support the potential use of B. cereus (HB12 or HB59) and B. edulis as mixed inoculants stimulating growth of P. thunbergii.  相似文献   

19.
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the profiling and determination of individual glucosinolates (GSs) via their isothiocyanate degradation products upon myrosinase digestion. The resulting isothiocyanates, the structures of which are reflective of the parent GS's, were then converted to their corresponding amines via base hydrolysis or reaction with 1, 2-benzenedithiol. Subsequently, the amines were fluorescently labeled to allow their sensitive detection by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The CE method involved the use of in situ charged micelles for the separation of isothiocyanates and their corresponding fluorescently labeled amines by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). The term "in situ charged micelles" refers to micelles formed by complexing the polar hydroxyl groups of glycosidic surfactants with borate. The MECC method with on-column LIF detection was applied to the determination of GSs in white cabbage, rapeseed leaves, and rapeseed roots.  相似文献   

20.
The population density and structure of complexes of soil microscopic fungi in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), plant damage by root rot and leaf diseases, and crop yield were determined in a stationary field experiment on a silty loamy soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisol (Loamic, Aric)) in dependence on the soil tillage technique: (a) moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and (b) non-inversive tillage to 14–16 cm. The results were treated with the two-way ANOVA method. It was shown that the number of fungal propagules in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants in the variant with non-inversive tillage was significantly smaller than that in the variant with plowing. Minimization of the impact on the soil during five years led to insignificant changes in the structure of micromycete complexes in the rhizosphere of wheat. The damage of the plants with root rot and leaf diseases upon non-inversive tillage did not increase in comparison with that upon plowing. Wheat yield in the variant with non-inversive tillage was insignificantly lower than that in the variant with moldboard plowing. The application of biopreparations based on the Streptomyces hygroscopicus А4 and Pseudomonas aureofaciens BS 1393 resulted in a significant decrease of plant damage with leaf rust.  相似文献   

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