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采用平板法测定标注为地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌制剂的活菌密度,通过16S rRNA基因测序分析对其进行菌种鉴定。在盛水250 L的玻璃钢桶中投放凡纳滨对虾无特定病原的无节3期幼体5×10~4尾,各组由溞状Ⅰ初期至仔虾Ⅰ期,连续10 d,每日分别投菌制剂1次,地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组每次投菌5×10~8 cfu/L,粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌组每次投菌1×10~8 cfu/L,同时投放饵料,对照组始终不投菌制剂,定期测定水质并分析仔虾存活情况。试验结果显示,4种制剂均由密度高的单一菌种构成;地衣芽孢杆菌组水体氨氮、无机磷和化学需氧量均显著高于对照组,而在育苗早期粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌组亚硝态氮含量显著降低(P0.05);除地衣芽孢杆菌组仔虾Ⅲ期存活率显著低于枯草芽孢杆菌组外,各组存活率间差异不显著(P0.05),但枯草芽孢杆菌组仔虾存活率和活力均表现最佳,而地衣芽孢杆菌组表现最差。可见,无明显胁迫条件下,连续投放微生物制剂对凡纳滨对虾育苗水质及仔虾存活率总体上无显著提高作用,但两种芽孢杆菌制剂的作用效果存在明显差异。 相似文献
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本实验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母水解物对凡纳滨对虾在低盐度胁迫条件下非特异性免疫和抗氧化能力的影响。选取凡纳滨对虾[初始体质量（15.82±0.08）g],平均分为2组,对照组投喂基础饲料（Y0）,实验组投喂添加了3%酵母水解物的实验饲料（Y3）,在室内养殖15d后分别放入盐度为4‰（S4）和28‰（S28）的水体中进行盐度胁迫实验,每组6个重复,每个重复30尾虾（根据饲料和盐度不同组合,分组命名为Y0S4、Y0S28、Y0S3、Y0S28）。结果表明：饲料中添加3%酵母水解物对凡纳滨对虾血清酚氧化酶（PO）、总一氧化氮合成酶（TNOS）活性没有显著影响,但低盐度胁迫1h时,Y3S4组PO、TNOS活性显著高于Y0S4组;盐度因素对PO、TNOS活性产生显著影响,低盐度胁迫1h时,S28组PO、TNOS活性显著高于S4;饲料中添加3%酵母水解物显著提高了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;盐度因素对酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性产生了显著影响,S28组ACP活性显著高于S4。由此可见,在饲料中添加酵母水解物能够提高凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺SOD活性,提高对虾的抗氧化能力;在遭遇低盐度胁迫时,对虾能迅速恢复PO、TNOS活性至正常水平,从而提高凡纳滨对虾的抵抗不良环境的能力。 相似文献
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为了深入了解光照对红条鞭腕虾(Lysmata vittata)亲虾抱卵情况的影响,本研究通过将正常光照组(12L∶12D)亲虾的抱卵率与全暗(黑)组进行对比,发现正常光照组红条鞭腕虾亲虾抱卵率为(95.8±3.6)%,而全暗(黑)组的抱卵率为0,正常光照组亲虾的抱卵率显著高于全暗(黑)组(P0.05),表明适宜的光照强度对红条鞭腕虾亲虾抱卵行为起到促进作用。本研究还对比分析了投喂不同生物饵料对红条鞭腕虾溞状幼体成活率和生长发育周期的影响。结果发现,投喂丰年虫(Artemia nauplii)和蒙古裸腹溞(Moina mongolica Daday)混合组的溞状幼体成活率为(38.3±2.3)%,幼体经过25～29 d全部发育成仔虾;而单一投喂丰年虫组的溞状幼体成活率为(26.8±4.9)%,幼体经过37～41 d全部发育成仔虾;混合组的溞状幼体成活率显著高于单一组(P0.05),且其幼体的生长周期也明显短于单一组,表明投喂丰年虫和蒙古裸腹溞混合饵料比只投喂丰年虫饵料更有利于幼体的存活和发育。此外,本研究还观察和详细描述了红条鞭腕幼体发育过程的形态和结构变化特征,并将它分为溞状幼体1～9期等9个不同时期,幼苗经过9期溞状幼体期后通过蜕皮最终变态为红条鞭腕虾仔虾。本研究对丰富鞭腕虾属虾类的生殖生物学理论和开展其人工繁育研究具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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《河北渔业》2021,(10)
为研究活体生物饵料在非洲斑节对虾(Penaeus mondon)溞状幼体中的应用效果,试验使用牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocevos mueueri)和经牟氏角毛藻强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)替代商品螺旋藻粉(Spirulina platensis)投喂非洲斑节对虾溞状幼体,试验设置3组:对照组(A_0)采用传统的虾片与商品螺旋藻粉在溞状幼体阶段全程投喂;试验组A_1组以牟氏角毛藻替代商品螺旋藻粉投喂;试验组A_2组以牟氏角毛藻替代商品螺旋藻粉投喂,并在Z_2和Z_3期添加投喂经牟氏角毛藻强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫,每组设3个平行。结果表明:3组间溞状幼体成活率差异显著(P0.05),其中A_2组最高(73.9%),A_0组最低(51.4%);在溞状幼体变态时间上,3组间差异显著(P0.05),其中A_2组变态时间最短。试验表明,活体生物饵料替代商品螺旋藻粉有利于非洲斑节对虾溞状幼体培育,效果显著。 相似文献
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通过对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei雌虾投喂添加或不添加维生素A(VA)、维生素E(VE)的4组实验饲料,并以饲喂活饵组为对照组,研究了维生素A、E对凡纳滨对虾受精率、孵化率和幼体存活率的影响.结果表明,第1(饲料中添加0.002%VE)、2(饲料中添加0.002%VE,0.004%VA)、3组(饲料中添加0.004%VA)凡纳滨对虾的受精率、孵化率、幼体存活率及仔虾应激实验(仔虾入淡水30min,再入海水30min)后的存活率均显著高于第4组(饲料中未添加VA、VE),而且第2组凡纳滨对虾的受精率、孵化率及幼体存活率(Z1-M2)与第1、3组相比有增高的趋势. 相似文献
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通过脊尾白虾幼体饵料搭配的比较试验,研究了海水小球藻、中肋骨条藻分别与虾片和卤虫无节幼体搭配投喂对脊尾白虾幼体的变态速率、存活率及体长变化的影响。结果表明,单一使用虾片的育苗效果较差,幼体发育至2期溞状幼体后开始大量死亡,只有约30%的幼体变态成3期溞状幼体;投喂卤虫无节幼体与中肋骨条藻搭配组的脊尾白虾幼体组在第8d时有46%的幼体变态为仔虾,至第10d时幼体100%变态为仔虾;此外,卤虫无节幼体与中肋骨条藻搭配组幼体的存活率为92%,其幼体在1期仔虾平均体长为5.199mm,平均日增长达到0.3079mm/d。由此可见,卤虫无节幼体与中肋骨条藻搭配有利于脊尾白虾幼体的生长发育,可用于脊尾白虾育苗生产。 相似文献
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在凡纳滨对虾育苗涵状幼体期以不同频次添加溶藻弧菌VZ5株,并在糠虾幼体后搭配添加芽孢杆菌Bz5株,测定育苗过程中水质、水体中弧菌密度变动以及对虾幼体生长和存活状况,研究溶藻弧菌VZ5株在凡纳滨对虾育苗中应用的效果。结果表明,添加溶藻弧菌的3个处理组仔虾期氨氮浓度显著低于对照组;仔虾期幼体干重分别为0．0463±0．0009、0．0420±0．0006、0．0407±0．0009g／尾,显著高于对照组（0．0253±0．0003g／尾）。滏状幼体期每天添加溶藻弧菌的处理组幼体成活率显著高于其他处理组（P〈0．05）。溶藻弧菌VZ5株能够有效降低水体中氨氮的积累和促进对虾幼体生长。 相似文献
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《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,243(1-4):357-366
The impact of starvation on larvae of Ivory shell Babylonia formosae habei was studied in a laboratory experiment. Newly hatched veligers showed considerable tolerance to starvation due to their endogenous yolk material, and time to the point-of-no-return (PNR; the threshold point during starvation after which larvae can longer metamorphose even if food is provided) was calculated to be 104.5 h. However, starvation still affected larval growth, survival, and metamorphosis. Mean shell length of larvae increased 49.77 μm day−1 for nonstarved, but only 11.13 μm day−1 for larvae starved for 108 h. After larvae began feeding, their growth rates rapidly recovered to the level of the nonstarved following short periods of starvation (less than 48 h), but were inhibited and unable to ever reach the level of the nonstarved when being starved beyond 48 h. Percent metamorphosis was 53.75% for the nonstarved, but all larvae died before 10 days for those starved for 108 h. Starvation not only affected larval time to reach metamorphosis, but also caused the delay in the time to metamorphosis. For the nonstarved, larvae took only 11.5 days to reach spontaneous metamorphosis, but they took 20 days to reach spontaneous metamorphosis when starved for 96 h, and this duration of delayed metamorphosis reached 8.5 days. Furthermore, the importance of yolk material for maintaining larval survival of B. formosae habei during starvation periods is also discussed. 相似文献
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Fuhua Li Chengsong Zhang Kuijie Yu Xiaolin Liu Xiaojun Zhang Linghua Zhou & Jianhai Xiang 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(12):1180-1186
Both MI and MII triploids were successfully produced by heat shock in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The inducing conditions for MI and MII triploids were optimized. The highest inducing rate obtained for MI triploids reached more than 90%, and that for MII triploids reached nearly 100% at the nauplius stage as evaluated using flow cytometry. Comparisons of survival rates at larval stages between triploids and diploids or diploids experiencing treatment and diploids without treatment were performed. At larval stage from nauplii to postlarvae, heat shocks lowered survival at larval stages even if the ploidy was not changed. Ploidy did not affect shrimp larvae survival, and no significant difference was found in the survival of shrimp larvae between MI and MII triploids. Highly significant differences were observed in the morphology of triploids and diploids, and no apparent difference was found in the morphology of MI and MII triploids at the grow‐out stages. Discriminating formulae for triploid and diploid shrimp at grow‐out stage were developed and could be used to distinguish triploids from diploids based on morphological parameters. MI and MII triploids of shrimp have the potential to be used in aquaculture. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):21-35
Abstract Two commercial liquid diet supplements were evaluated as a partial replacement for live foods fed to larval and postlarval Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Larvae were stocked in 20-L buckets at a density of 113 shrimp/L and fed one of four diets (5 replicate buckets per diet): (1) a control diet consisting of the diatom, Chaetoceros neogracile, and live Artemia; (2) the control diet plus Treflan (a fungicide); (3) LiquaLife liquid larval diet supplements with reduced concentrations of C. neogracile and Artemia; and (4) Epifeed liquid larval diet supplements with reduced concentrations of Artemia. Diets were evaluated by comparing shrimp rostro-caudal length and survival to PL-8, survival to osmotic and pH stress, as well as shrimp gut fullness, gut lipid content, and fouling. Rostro-caudal length and survival to PL-8 were not significantly different among the four treatments. However, mean survival to PL-8 was 12-34% greater in the Epifeed treatment than in the other three treatments. Shrimp fed Epifeed exhibited greater survival (P < 0.05) when exposed to 7 ppt water for two hours than shrimp in the control treatments. In contrast, there was no significant difference in survival (P > 0.05) among the four treatments when shrimp were exposed to apH of 3.35 for two hours. Although shrimp fed liquid diet supplements had more fouling (P < 0.05) than shrimp in either of the control treatments, commercial liquid diet supplements can be used in penaeid shrimp hatcheries to partially replace Artemia without compromising shrimp growth or survival. 相似文献
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Many coral reefs are threatened because of anthropogenic impacts such as destructive fishing methods for marine ornamentals. The marine ornamental industry is currently almost completely dependent upon wild collections. The development of commercially feasible methods to culture ornamental species could help to reduce the need for wild‐collected specimens and reduce pressure on coral reefs. Advances in larval rearing and nutrition would help overcome the bottlenecks that impede the commercial production of many marine ornamental species. This article focuses on research for improving the production of the fire shrimp, Lysmata debelius. Experiments were performed with larval fire shrimp to evaluate (1) the importance of essential fatty acid enrichment of live prey (rotifers and Artemia) and (2) feeding penaeid shrimp muscle tissue to improve survival to metamorphosis. We also provide the fatty acid composition of Day‐1 posthatch fire shrimp larvae. The enrichment of live prey with docosahexaenoic acid did not improve larval growth, survival, or time to metamorphosis, but larvae fed live prey together with pureed penaeid shrimp muscle had survival rates of 9.8 ± 1.2%. The data and protocols developed in this study provide a foundation and baseline for future fire shrimp larval studies. 相似文献
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Jorge Palma Dominique P Bureau Miguel Correia & José P Andrade 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(13):1468-1473
This investigation examined the effects of temperature, density and early weaning on the survival and growth of Palaemonetes varians larvae. Survival of larvae raised at 17.5 °C was not significantly different (average + standard deviation) (94 ± 5%) from the survival of those raised at 19.5 °C (95 ± 5%) and at 21.5 °C (94 ± 4%). However, the duration of the larval stage was significantly longer for shrimp reared at 17.5 °C (17.3 ± 0.8 days) compared with shrimp reared at 19.5 °C (14.3 ± 0.7 days) and at 21.5 °C (11.3 ± 0.6 days). No significant differences ( P >0.05) were found in the survival rate, final weight and length of larvae reared at the densities of 5, 10, 20 and 50 larvae L−1 . The survival of P. varians larvae fed solely on Artemia was significantly higher ( P <0.05) than larvae weaned with an artificial practical diet from Zoea II stage (94 ± 4% and 82 ± 1%, respectively, for Artemia and artificial diet-fed larvae), but no significant differences ( P >0.05) were observed in the final larval weight or length between these two treatments. The survival and growth of the larvae fed with the practical diet tested is a promising step ahead in the development of the culture of this species as it eliminates both the need for Artemia throughout all larval stages, and the need for more expensive artificial diets. 相似文献
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Effects of starvation on survival,growth and development of Exopalaemon carinicauda larvae 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study aimed at evaluating the effects of two starvation modes (fasting‐feeding mode and feeding‐fasting mode) on survival, growth and development of mysis larvae of Exopalaemon carinicauda. It showed that food restriction significantly affected the survival, growth and development in both starvation modes. With the extension of initial starvation period, a significantly reduced survival rate during metamorphosis was observed. In the fasting‐feeding mode, the duration of metamorphosis was extended and the body lengths of the individuals, which experienced successful metamorphosis to the post‐larval stage 1, were much shorter. In the feeding‐fasting mode, the extension of initial feeding period led to dramatically increased survival rate and body lengths, while there was no significant difference in duration of metamorphosis of those groups that reached to post‐larval stage. The 50% point‐of‐no‐return and the 50% point‐of‐reserve‐saturation were 3.85 days and 4.81 days respectively. The results of this study indicate that E. carinicauda mysis have the ability to withstand or recover from relatively extended starvation, but to ensure the success of commercial seedling, timely and adequate feeding is necessary. The information obtained from this study could provide a basis to optimize the feeding schedule of artificial seedling of E. carinicauda. 相似文献
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为将凡纳滨对虾肠道分离的益生菌用于对虾的养殖,利用乳酸菌培养基分离对虾肠道中的益生菌并对菌株进行初步分类鉴定,利用体外抑菌方法筛选有抗菌活性的菌株,用于考察对虾实验室养殖过程中抗有关致病菌的效果。试验结果显示,自虾肠道分离得到W7、W25、W27、W31菌株,分别属于啤酒酵母、短小芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌沙漠亚种和暹罗芽孢杆菌,它们对致病菌副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌有一定的抗菌活性,其中暹罗芽孢杆菌W31抗菌效果最好。将啤酒酵母W7和暹罗芽孢杆菌W31菌体与饲料混合用于对虾的养殖,能够明显增强凡纳滨对虾抵抗弧菌侵染的能力,提高存活率。 相似文献
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Eric N. Powell Eleanor A. Bochenek John M. Klinck Eileen E. Hofmann 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2002,210(1-4):89-117
A biochemically based model was developed to simulate the growth, development and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The model is unique in that it (1) defines larvae in terms of their protein, neutral lipid, polar lipid, carbohydrate and ash content; (2) tracks weight separately from length to follow larval condition index and (3) includes genetic variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. The model includes parameterizations for larval filtration, ingestion and respiration that determine growth rate and processes controlling larval mortality and metamorphosis. Changes in tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food.
The simulations show that genetically determined variations in growth efficiency produce significant changes in larval survival and success at metamorphosis. Larvae with low growth efficiency are successful under a much narrower range of culture conditions than larvae with high growth efficiency. The impact of low growth efficiency is primarily controlled by the ability of larvae to store lipid for metamorphosis. Culture conditions that provide increased dietary lipid counterweigh low growth efficiency. Changes in food quantity and quality had little effect on size at metamorphosis. On the other hand, larval life span and success rate at metamorphosis varied over a wide range depending upon the conditions of the simulation. Food quality and food availability both influence larval life span and, hence, larval survival. As ingestion rate decreases, larval life span increases and cohort survival declines. Increased lipid or decreased protein in the diet improves cohort survival. Changes in carbohydrate content are less influential. If cohort success is significantly affected by mortality during larval life rather than success at metamorphosis, the influence of food quality becomes more complex. The range of food compositions yielding high survival is restricted by a balance between improved success at metamorphosis obtained by increased lipid storage and the shortening of larval life span as a result of more rapid growth, a function of protein availability. These simulations illustrate the strength and utility of numerical models for evaluating and designing hatchery protocols for optimizing yield of C. gigas larvae. 相似文献
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Leone L. Mohney Donald V. Lightner Rodney R. Williams Michael Bauerlein 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1990,21(3):186-191
Nauplii of the brine shrimp, Artemia , and cultures of the soil nematode, Panagrellus redivivus , were fed a suspension of the water-insoluble antibacterial Romet-30 (sulfadimethoxine plus ormetoprim) to determine if they could be used as a mechanism for delivery of the drug to larval penaeid shrimp.
Romet-30 was added to groups of brine shrimp nauplii and nematodes in 1 L beakers to achieve a concentration of 3 mg of drug per ml of seawater. After a 4 h uptake period, predetermined numbers of organisms were assayed for antibiotic content using the micro-plate diffusion method and a Romet-30 sensitive strain of Vibrio alginolyticus as the indicator. The resulting zones of inhibition were compared to that of a standard Kirby-Bauer sensitivity disc containing 25 μg of the drug that was placed on each plate as standard control. Negative controls consisted of equal numbers of nauplii and nematodes that were not exposed to the antibiotic. Artemia nauplii and nematodes accumulated approximately 0.1 μg of the drug per nauplius and approximately 0.25 μg per nematode. They exhibited no signs of toxicity from exposure to the drug and contained the antibiotic in sufficient quantity to provide a theoretical therapeutic dose of the drug when fed to penaeid larvae.
In subsequent tests, normal and diseased larval Penaeus stylirostris readily accepted Romet-30 enriched Artemia . Diseased larvae fed the drug in this manner exhibited a statistically greater overall survival and a greater survival to the post-larval stage by Student's t -test at the 5% significance level. 相似文献
Romet-30 was added to groups of brine shrimp nauplii and nematodes in 1 L beakers to achieve a concentration of 3 mg of drug per ml of seawater. After a 4 h uptake period, predetermined numbers of organisms were assayed for antibiotic content using the micro-plate diffusion method and a Romet-30 sensitive strain of Vibrio alginolyticus as the indicator. The resulting zones of inhibition were compared to that of a standard Kirby-Bauer sensitivity disc containing 25 μg of the drug that was placed on each plate as standard control. Negative controls consisted of equal numbers of nauplii and nematodes that were not exposed to the antibiotic. Artemia nauplii and nematodes accumulated approximately 0.1 μg of the drug per nauplius and approximately 0.25 μg per nematode. They exhibited no signs of toxicity from exposure to the drug and contained the antibiotic in sufficient quantity to provide a theoretical therapeutic dose of the drug when fed to penaeid larvae.
In subsequent tests, normal and diseased larval Penaeus stylirostris readily accepted Romet-30 enriched Artemia . Diseased larvae fed the drug in this manner exhibited a statistically greater overall survival and a greater survival to the post-larval stage by Student's t -test at the 5% significance level. 相似文献