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1.
田间旱育条件下不同化感潜力水稻根际土壤酚酸类和萜类物质分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
酚酸类和萜类是水稻化感作用研究中研究较多、争议较大的2大类化感物质,但目前有关水稻根系分泌物的研究多在实验室条件下进行。本文以国际公认的强化感水稻‘PI312777’和弱化感水稻‘Lemont’为材料,以未种植水稻的土壤为对照,研究了其在田间旱育条件下,不同土壤水分状态(旱地和湿地)时,根际土壤酚酸类和萜类物质的差异。结果表明,不同水分条件下不同化感潜力水稻品种和对照根际土壤中酚酸类物质和萜类物质的组成较为相似,但各物质含量存在一定差异。适度旱胁迫下,各处理根际土壤中所检测到的咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸5种酚酸类物质及总量均有提高,其中强化感水稻‘PI312777’根际土壤中5种酚酸类物质提高最显著,比CK湿地处理提高2.84倍;在各处理根际土壤共检测到的27种萜类物质中,17种是含氧单萜;干旱胁迫导致各处理根际土壤单萜烯、含氧单萜、含氧倍半萜和总萜变化程度和变化趋势不同,单萜烯相对含量在强化感水稻‘PI312777’根际土壤中明显提高,而在弱化感水稻‘Lemont’和对照根际土壤中则降低。本文在此基础上讨论了由此导致2种水稻田间化感抑草效果差异的原因与机制。 相似文献
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氯化钾对玉米根系糖和酚酸分泌的影响及其与茎腐病菌生长的关系 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
通过溶液培养试验,研究了氯化钾（KCl）对不同抗性品种玉米根系糖和酚酸分泌量的影响,以及在不同浓度糖和酚酸的培养基上禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum Schwabe）的生长状况,探讨KCl抑制玉米茎腐病发生过程中,根系分泌物中糖和酚酸所发挥的作用。结果表明,感病品种吉单327的总糖、还原糖和其蔗糖分泌量均高于抗病品种吉单180;正常供钾条件下,总糖、还原糖和蔗糖的分泌量均表现出不同程度的下降,且还原糖下降幅度最大。阿魏酸和绿原酸是玉米根系分泌物中主要的两种酚酸组分。抗病品种吉单180分泌的阿魏酸量明显高于感病品种吉单327,而绿原酸分泌量低于吉单327。正常供钾时,阿魏酸分泌量明显增加,但绿原酸分泌量则有所减少。一定浓度的蔗糖和葡萄糖均能显著促进F. graminearum的生长,且还原糖（葡萄糖）的促进效果较蔗糖更明显;阿魏酸和绿原酸均能抑制F. graminearum的生长,但阿魏酸的抑制效果远远高于绿原酸。KCl 可明显减少不同抗性品种玉米根系的还原糖分泌量,增加阿魏酸的分泌,从而一定程度上抑制了病原菌F. graminearum在根际的快速生长。 相似文献
3.
为探明连作植烟土壤酚酸类物质积累特征及其相互作用关系,利用高效液相色谱外标法检测了同一植烟区域不同种植年限土壤(4、6、8、14和16年)浸提液中酚酸类物质的种类和含量,并基于曲线估计方法和逐步回归模型,探讨了酚酸类物质在连作条件下的积累特征及其相互作用关系。结果表明,8种酚酸在不同连作植烟土壤中被检出,且其中6种具有明显的积累趋势;曲线估计分析表明不同酚酸积累特征存在差异,其中间苯三酚、阔马酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸和香兰素以增长曲线趋势积累,阿魏酸含量以幂函数趋势积累。相关性分析和逐步回归分析表明,间苯三酚和阿魏酸含量之间存在互相促进关系,阿魏酸对阔马酸含量具有促进作用,香草酸对对羟基苯甲酸含量具有促进作用,香兰素和苯甲酸分别对香草酸含量存在促进和抑制作用;香草酸和苯甲酸对香兰素含量有促进作用。综上所述,连作导致植烟土壤酚酸类物质积累,且积累特征存在差异;酚酸类物质间存在不同程度促进或抑制作用,其作用方式取决于酚酸种类。 相似文献
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5.
采用福林酚法测定总多酚的含量,并用反相高效液相色谱法测定不同提取条件和不同紫苏品系间酚类物质组成及含量,比较不同提取方法的优劣和不同紫苏品系间的差异。结果表明:HPLC方法分离定性了8种酚类物质;以40%乙醇做提取剂的提取方法更加简便快捷。不同品系间单体酚类含量不相同,其中紫苏品系单体酚类种类比白苏品系多。在本试验所检测的单体多酚中,紫苏叶以酚酸类为主,可达80%以上,其酚酸类主要为迷迭香酸和咖啡酸,而其黄酮类则主要为槲皮素和芹菜素。本试验采用高效液相色谱法准确、重现性好,并结合对不同品系紫苏叶酚类物质含量进行比较,能够为生产原料选择和工艺提供质量控制依据。 相似文献
6.
盐城药用菊花连作障碍形成原因初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以连作1年、3年、7年、15年的菊花田土壤和菊花为研究对象,考察各处理组菊花产量、发病率、土壤及菊花样品中的元素含量、土壤中可培养微生物数量及酚酸类化感物质的含量,进一步探讨不同浓度对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、香豆酸、香豆素等化感物质对菊花组培苗生长的影响.结果表明:随着连作年限的增加,菊花的产量逐渐降低,发病率逐渐增加,连作15年的菊花产量仅为初茬菊花产量的19.80％,种植15年菊花的发病率达到100％.土壤中硼元素含量随连作年限的增加而逐渐减少.连作15年的菊花植株中的氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼8种元素含量,与其他组相比均有较大程度的降低.随着连作年限的增加,土壤真菌化严重,细菌和放线菌数量在3年达到最大,15年显著降低.土壤中香豆酸含量随着种植年限的增加而逐渐增加,连作7年后土壤中检测出香豆素残留.低浓度对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸及香豆酸对菊花组培苗生长发育影响不大,但香豆素、混合酚酸及高浓度的香豆酸显著抑制菊花组培苗生长和根的发育.酚酸物质积累、微生物区系的改变、土壤微量元素硼的减少可能是菊花连作障碍的主要原因. 相似文献
7.
银北盐碱区植物根际土壤酶活性及微生物群落特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
开展盐碱区耐盐植物根际微生物群落多样性研究,对于盐碱土壤的植被恢复和生态修复具有重要意义。运用Biolog微平板技术,对宁夏银北盐碱区6种耐盐植物根际土壤酶活性及微生物群落代谢功能多样性进行研究。结果表明:不同植物根际土壤理化性质和酶活性存在一定的差异。与裸地相比,6种植物能显著提高盐碱地土壤酶活性,苜蓿根际土壤三种酶活性显著高于其他植物。土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)随培养时间的延长而逐渐增加,大小顺序依次为苜蓿(MX)、芨芨草(JJC)、柽柳(CL)、柳枝稷(LZJ)、苦豆子(KDZ)、枸杞(GQ)和裸地土壤(CK),根际土壤与盐碱裸地土壤之间差异显著(P0.05)。土壤微生物群落香农指数、辛普森指数和麦金塔指数均以苜蓿根际土壤最高,芨芨草次之,二者较其他土壤差异显著(P0.05)。不同植物根际土壤微生物碳源利用能力存在差异,苜蓿根际土壤微生物的利用率显著高于其他土壤(P0.05),碳水化合物类是根际土壤微生物的主要碳源,其次为氨基酸类和羧酸类,胺类的利用率最小。主成分分析显示,对PC1和PC2起分异作用的主要碳源为碳水化合物类和羧酸类。综合各项指标,均表现为植物根际土壤优于盐碱裸地,其中苜蓿和芨芨草能显著提高土壤微生物群落功能多样性,对盐碱地根际微环境的养分循环具有积极意义。 相似文献
8.
为研究不同有机物料强还原土壤处理(Reductive Soil Disinfestation, RSD)及枯草芽孢杆菌施用对土壤酚酸类物质的影响，以龙牙百合栽培土壤为研究对象，采用裂区试验设计，主区设置对照(CK)和以制糖发酵废液(MO)、植物残渣(SB)为主要有机物料的RSD处理，并于再植龙牙百合出苗后裂区添加枯草芽孢杆菌Y25(CK＿Y25、MO＿Y25、SB＿Y25)，分别在RSD处理后及龙牙百合生长期和收获期采集土壤样品，分析土壤中酚酸类物质的组成和含量变化。结果表明：与CK相比，SB处理显著(P<0.05)增加了土壤中丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸和总酚酸的含量，改变了土壤酚酸谱特征，而MO处理对土壤酚酸组成和含量的影响均不显著。龙牙百合再植能够提高RSD处理土壤中酚酸类物质含量，但不同处理随种植时间延长而呈现不同的变化规律。此外，添加枯草芽孢杆菌Y25能显著(P<0.05)降低SB处理土壤中酚酸类物质的含量(总酚酸降解率≥30%)，其中对香豆酸和阿魏酸在龙牙百合生长期和收获期的降解率分别高达39.2%～47.8%和32.3%～36.7%。本研究发现，以植物残渣为有机物... 相似文献
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南京市不同园林植物根际土壤养分和重金属富集特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对南京市6种园林植物(金银木、紫荆、腊梅、丁香、木槿和海棠)根际与非根际土壤养分和重金属分布特征进行研究,探讨不同植物根际养分和重金属的富集的相关性和差异性。(1)不同园林植物根际和非根际土壤养分和重金属呈一致的变化规律,它们的主导控制因子也基本相同,其中不同园林植物根际土壤养分和重金属均高于非根际养分含量,而不同园林植物根际土壤pH均低于非根际。(2)不同园林植物根际土壤养分、重金属含量和有效态重金属含量均显著高于非根际,表现出显著的富集作用,而根际土壤pH则显著低于非根际,表现出显著的亏损作用,全磷在根际与非根际土壤中差异不显著(p0.05)。(3)不同园林植物根际和非根际土壤重金属含量与有效态含量均存在极显著的正线性相关关系,二者能够用线性方程式体现,表明了不同园林植物根际和非根际土壤有效态重金属含量主要来自土壤重金属总含量。(4)相关性分析表明:对于根际土壤,土壤有机碳和全氮对土壤重金属全量影响较大;而对于非根际土壤,土壤有机碳和全氮土壤有效态重金属影响较大;而pH与土壤重金属含量基本呈显著或极显著的负相关关系;全磷对于土壤重金属含量基本没有影响。通过以上研究说明不同园林植物土壤养分和重金属含量在根际存在一定的富集,它们通过降低根际pH值可以提高根际养分,而有效态重金属较全量对植物根际微小的变化响应更为灵敏。 相似文献
11.
Determination of free and total phenolic acids in plant-derived foods by HPLC with diode-array detection 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with diode-array detection (DAD) was used to identify and quantify free and total phenolic acids (m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid) in plant foods. Free phenolic acids were extracted with a mixture of methanol and 10% acetic acid. Bound phenolic acids were liberated using first alkaline and then acid hydrolysis followed by extraction with diethyl ether/ethyl acetate (1:1). All fractions were quantified separately by HPLC. After HPLC quantification, results of alkali and acid hydrolysates were calculated to represent total phenolic acids. Ellagic acid was quantified separately after long (20 h) acid hydrolysis. The methods developed were effective for the determination of phenolic acids in plant foods. DAD response was linear for all phenolic acids within the ranges evaluated, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999. Coefficients of variation for 4-8 sample replicates were consistently below 10%. Recovery tests of phenolic acids were performed for every hydrolysis condition using several samples. Recoveries were generally good (mean >90%) with the exceptions of gallic acid and, in some cases, caffeic acid samples. 相似文献
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Phenolic acids from 30 barley varieties (combination of hulled/hulless/two-row/six-row/regular/waxy) were investigated by HPLC following four different sample treatments: (a) simple hot water extraction, (b) extraction after acid hydrolysis, (c) acid plus alpha-amylase hydrolysis, and (d) acid plus alpha-amylase plus cellulase hydrolysis treatments. The benzoic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and protocatechuic acids) and cinnamic acid derivatives (coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and chlorogenic acids) were identified, and some of the phenolic acids were quantified after each above-mentioned treatment. The data indicated that a combination of sequential acid, alpha-amylase, and cellulase hydrolysis treatments might be applicable for release of more phenolic acids from barley. 相似文献
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Absorption of phenolic acids in humans after coffee consumption 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Nardini M Cirillo E Natella F Scaccini C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5735-5741
Despite extensive literature describing the biological effects of polyphenols, little is known about their absorption from diet, one major unresolved point consisting of the absorption of the bound forms of polyphenols. In this view, in the present work we studied the absorption in humans of phenolic acids from coffee, a common beverage particularly rich in bound phenolic acids, such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Coffee brew was analyzed for free and total (free + bound) phenolic acids. Chlorogenic acid (5'-caffeoylquinic acid), a bound form of caffeic acid, was present in coffee at high levels, while free phenolic acids were undetectable. After alkaline hydrolysis, which released bound phenolic acids, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and high levels of caffeic acid were detected. Plasma samples were collected before and 1 and 2 h after coffee administration and analyzed for free and total phenolic acid content. Two different procedures were applied to release bound phenolic acids in plasma: beta-glucuronidase treatment and alkaline hydrolysis. Coffee administration resulted in increased total plasma caffeic acid concentration, with an absorption peak at 1 h. Caffeic acid was the only phenolic acid found in plasma samples after coffee administration, while chlorogenic acid was undetectable. Most of caffeic acid was present in plasma in bound form, mainly in the glucuronate/sulfate forms. Due to the absence of free caffeic acid in coffee, plasma caffeic acid is likely to be derived from hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
14.
Cai R Hettiarachchy NS Jalaluddin M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(6):1623-1627
Seventeen varieties of cowpeas grown in Arkansas were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protocatechuic acid was identified as the major phenolic acid present in esterified forms. The amount of protocatechuic acid increased from trace-3.6 to 9.3-92.7 mg/100 g of flour in the 17 varieties of cowpeas after hydrolysis. Six other phenolic acids, including, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, and cinnamic acid, were also identified. These phenolic acids were evenly distributed mainly in free acid forms at <7 mg/100 g of flour. Total phenolic contents determined using Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent were largely different among the 17 varieties, ranging from 34.6 to 376.6 mg/100 g of flour. A comparison of the HPLC chromatograms of the 17 cowpea phenolics before and after alkali hydrolysis indicated the conversion of a pattern with evenly distributed peaks to one with a single major peak for protocatechuic acid, suggesting that the chromatograms before hydrolysis better represent the identities of the cowpea varieties. 相似文献
15.
Summary It is commonly assumed that the adverse effect of plant residues on crop yields is largely or partly due to phytotoxic compounds leached from these residues or produced by their decomposition. There has been substantial support for the hypothesis that the phytotoxic compounds responsible for reduced crop yields are phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and ferulic acid. To test the validity of this hypothesis, we studied the effects of nine phenolic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid) on (1) seed germination of corn (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on germination paper and soil, (2) seedling growth of alfalfa, oats, sorghum, and wheat on germination paper and soil, and (3) early plant growth of corn, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, and wheat in soil. The results showed that although the phenolic acids tested affected germination and seedling growth on germination paper, they had no effect on seed germination, seedling growth, or early plant growth in soil even when the amounts applied were much greater than the amounts detected in soil. We conclude that the adverse effect of plant residues on crop yields is not due to phenolic acids derived from these residues. 相似文献
16.
P Rauch L Fukal P Brezina J Kás 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1988,71(3):491-493
Cross-reactions and resulting nonspecific binding of substances with structures resembling aflatoxins (derivatives of coumarin, and cinnamonic and benzoic acids, etc.) were investigated. The concentrations of these substances causing erroneously high or false positive values in radioimmunoassay were determined. One microgram aflatoxin B1/kg sample may be simulated by the occurrence of 5 g coumarin, 10 g caffeic acid, 16 g chlorogenic acid, or 15 g vanillin/kg fodder or food sample. 相似文献
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Andreasen MF Christensen LP Meyer AS Hansen A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):2837-2842
The contents of pnenolic acids and ferulic acid dehydrodimers were quantified by HPLC analysis after alkaline hydrolysis in kernels of 17 rye (Secale cereale L.) varieties grown in one location in Denmark during 1997 and 1998. Significant variations (P < 0.05) with regard to the concentration of the analyzed components were observed among the different rye varieties and also between different harvest years. However, the content of phenolic acids in the analyzed rye varieties was narrow compared to cereals such as wheat and barley. The concentration of ferulic acid, the most abundant phenolic acid ranged from 900 to 1170 microgram g(-1) dry matter. The content in sinapic acid ranged from 70 to 140 microgram g(-1) dry matter, p-coumaric acid ranged from 40 to 70 microgram g(-1) dry matter, and caffeic, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids were all detected in concentrations less than 20 microgram g(-1) dry matter. The most abundant ferulic acid dehydrodimer 8-O-4 -DiFA was quantified in concentrations from 130 to 200 microgram g(-1) dry matter followed by 8,5 -DiFA benzofuran form (50-100 microgram g(-1) dry matter), 5,5 -DiFA (40-70 microgram g(-1) dry matter), and 8,5 -DiFA (20-40 microgram g(-1) dry matter). 相似文献
18.
Al-Farsi M Alasalvar C Morris A Baron M Shahidi F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(19):7592-7599
Fresh and sun-dried dates of three native varieties from Oman, namely, Fard, Khasab, and Khalas, were examined for their antioxidant activity and total contents of anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics, as well as free and bound phenolic acids. All results are expressed as mean value +/- standard deviation (n = 3) on a fresh weight basis. Fresh date varieties were found to be a good source of antioxidants (11687-20604 micromol of Trolox equiv/g), total contents of anthocyanins (0.24-1.52 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equiv/100 g), carotenoids (1.31-3.03 mg/100 g), phenolics (134-280 mg of ferulic acid equiv/100 g), free phenolic acids (2.61-12.27 mg/100 g), and bound phenolic acids (6.84-30.25 mg/100 g). A significant (p < 0.05) amount of antioxidants and carotenoids was lost after sun-drying of dates, whereas the total content of phenolics and free and bound phenolic acids increased significantly (p < 0.05). Anthocyanins were detected only in fresh dates. Date varieties had different levels and patterns of phenolic acids. Four free phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and ferulic acid) and nine bound phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and o-coumaric acid) were tentatively identified. Of the date varieties studied, Khalas, which is considered to be premium quality, had higher antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, and bound phenolic acids than other varieties. These results suggest that all date varieties serve as a good source of natural antioxidants and could potentially be considered as a functional food or functional food ingredient, although some of their antioxidant constituents are lost during sun-drying. 相似文献
19.
Daizy R. Batish Harminder P. Singh Nipunika Rana Ravinder K. Kohli 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):705-715
Abstract A study conducted to assess the allelopathic interference of invasive weed Chenopodium album indicated that aqueous leachates of C. album plant parts (roots, whole plant, and leaves), debris extracts and rhizosphere soil deleteriously affected the germination and initial growth of two test plants – Cassia occidentalis (a weed) and Phaseolus aureus (a crop). Further, the plant growth in terms of height, biomass, chlorophyll and protein content was significantly lesser in soil amended with C. album debris. Aqueous leachates, debris extracts, rhizosphere soil and debris amended soil were found to contain significantly higher amounts of water-soluble phenolics – the known phytotoxins. These phytotoxins in root, above-ground parts and leaves were phenolic acids, namely gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, vanillic, p-coumaric, syringic and ferulic. Among these, chlorogenic acid was present in the maximum amount in the leaves and roots. The study concludes that C. album releases phenolics into the soil and these are probably involved in the growth inhibitory effect of C. album. 相似文献