共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
大围山国家级自然保护区是云南省最重要的保护区之一,生物多样性的管理十分重要。研究对生物多样性和影响生物多样性的因子进行评估。研究所采用的第一手自然和生物多样性的第一手数据,如海拔、土壤类型、坡度、森林覆盖率、植物物种、鸟类物种等从大围山保护区的28个样点中获得。用CurveExpert统计软件对这些数据进行数理统计分析,分析的结果显示鸟类物种的多样性与植物物种的多样性呈明显的正相关,说明生境对动物区系多样性保护的关键作用。该研究还分析了关键景观特征与生物多样性的相关性,并对如何测度生物多样性和增强保护和管理该区域的生物多样性提出了建议。本研究的结果不仅对大围山自然保护区的生物多样性保护和管理策略的制定有重要的意义,而且对中国其他自然保护区的保护和管理也有积极地作用。 相似文献
2.
官山自然保护区地质历史悠久，植物起源古老，植物区系成分复杂，区内环境自然性强，森林覆盖率高，具大面积的原始生境，生物多样性指数高，野生动植物资源丰富，珍稀濒危特有动植物物种种类多；保护区不仅是赣西北的生态屏障，也是保护和研究我国一些特有珍稀物种的重要生境，是我国华东地区，尤其是长江中下游区域少有的生物基因库和生物多样性保护基地，具有很高的科研和社会经济价值。 相似文献
3.
生境更新与调整策略在黄河三角洲自然保护区湿地保护中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生境更新与调整策略的提出，为湿地保护提供了新的指导。它突破了传统静态、被动的湿地保护模式，将湿地保护纳入动态、平衡的生态系统中，通过加强生境的更新与调整来保证湿地生境的稳定，从而保证了整个生态系统的稳定。该思路的提出对我们以保护物种为目的，忽视生境保护的作法具有重要批评意义，并修正以前静态、封闭的保护模式。它在生物多样性保护及解决自然保护与生产发展方面所起的积极作用，可能会成为今后湿地保护的方向和目标。本文以黄河三角洲自然保护区湿地保护中该理论的运用．阐明此理论的实际意义及其重要价值。 相似文献
4.
天然林植物物种多样性及其保育策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
物种多样性是物种水平上的生物多样性,反映了群落的本质结构特征。开展天然林物种多样性的研究对我国天然林保护有重要意义。文章概述了天然林不同林分类型及层次结构、不同生境、不同演替阶段、林窗和人为干扰群落物种多样性变化,并提出了保护天然林物种多样性的建议。 相似文献
5.
6.
千岛湖生境片段化与生物多样性研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《林业调查规划》2015,(5)
生境片段化被认为是导致生物多样性丧失的主要因素之一。1959年因修建新安江水库大坝而形成的千岛湖是研究生境片段化和生物多样性保护的理想实验平台,吸引了国内外众多对千岛湖生境片段化研究感兴趣的生态学家和保护生物学家。基于10多年的研究,2015年5月在浙江淳安召开了"千岛湖生境片段化与生物多样性保护国际研讨会",对全球片段化研究领域内的热点科学问题进行了探讨,总结了千岛湖以往研究以及对未来的研究进行展望,进一步提升了千岛湖生境片段化与生物多样性保护研究的国际影响力。生境片段化研究中的核心问题之一是物种共存和群落聚集规律,以探讨片段化生境中生物多样性形成和维持的机制。迄今为止,在千岛湖库区已经开展鸟类、兽类、两栖爬行类、节肢动物和植物等群落和景观生物多样性的研究,并开展了千岛湖消落带植被重建的研究。随着动植物监测和研究的继续,千岛湖区域开展的科学研究工作将会得到全球更多的关注,并促进群落生态学和岛屿生物地理学等相关领域的发展。 相似文献
7.
8.
《西部林业科学》2017,(5)
以巴郎山高山草甸不同海拔梯度(3 200-4 000m)的观赏植物为对象,采用样带、样方和直接取样等方法,研究物种多样性及其海拔梯度分布格局。结果表明:海拔梯度格局中,物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均呈∩型曲线,中海拔区域(3 550-3 650m)观赏植物多样性最高;Tsw、Jsi两种均匀度指数在海拔梯度上的变化均趋于平缓,略有下降趋势,Pielou均匀度仍是影响α多样性的因子但不及丰富度明显;3个β多样性指数,随着海拔差的增大均表现出了上升的规律,海拔3 200-3 650m范围βc多样性指数达到峰值,βc多样性与生境、物种组成变化具有一定的关系。研究结果可为高山特色植物资源与生物多样性利用、就地与迁地保护以及保护政策与规划等方面作基础研究。 相似文献
9.
《中国城市林业》2017,(2)
城市野生鸟类及其物种多样性是现代城市生态系统健康的重要指标。上海有着丰富的鸟类资源,但是高密度城区各类用地的鸟类物种多样性的相关研究较少涉及。该研究于2014—2015年对上海浦东新区世纪大道沿线不同类型用地的鸟类群落进行了调查,共记录到8目25科47种鸟类。对居住用地、公共设施用地、道路广场用地、公园绿地、湿地等不同用地以及居住用地、商业服务业用地、商务办公用地中各类绿地-建筑空间格局的鸟类群落结构进行了比较研究。结果显示:公园绿地生境鸟种数最多;其次是由居住用地、公共设施用地、道路广场用地的附属绿地构成的休闲绿化生境;而湿地生境的鸟种数虽然最少,但稀有鸟种更多并且多样性指数和均匀度指数均大于公园绿地生境;中心式绿地布局模式对鸟类物种丰富度和物种多样性更有利。整个研究区域的鸟类群落结构呈现一定的季节变化,但严重单一化。 相似文献
10.
北海湿地保护区植被类型及其环境状况的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
腾冲北海湿地属“漂浮状苔草沼泽湿地”，植被类型丰富，物种多样性程度高。由于过度的农田开垦和森林砍伐，加之外来有害物种的不断侵入，湿地生境改变，导致生态系统功能降低、生物多样性流失严重。通过对北海湿地植被资源与环境的调查研究，分析了北海湿地保护区的植被类型、环境状况及其保护对策。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
生境是植物生长的具体环境,而群落环境是有机体和生境共同作用的结果。关于岩溶地区植物对不同生境的利用已成为近年来研究的热点。文中系统地总结了岩溶地区小生境类型特征、不同石漠化等级、坡位等因素对自然植被群落分布特征的影响,结合前人研究成果进一步分析了岩溶地区不同生境条件、坡位以及石漠化等级下自然植被群落结构、优势种、物种多样性、生物量以及生活型谱结构的差异,以期为岩溶地区植被与生境耦合程度以及不同生境下植被资源的配置提供理论参考,对岩溶生态环境保护、石漠化防治和石漠化地区植被恢复具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
冰砬山天然次生林群落结构与物种多样性特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据在辽宁冰砬山16块天然次生林样地的调查数据,对天然次生林的植物群落结构和物种多样性特征进行了研究,测定了各层次植物物种的重要值,采用多种方法计算各层次物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数。结果表明:冰砬山天然次生林群落成层现象和各层次优势种比较明显,依重要值排序乔木层优势种为蒙古栎和紫椴,亚优势种为花曲柳、色木槭和怀槐;灌木层优势种为斑枝卫矛、金银忍冬、胡枝子和金刚鼠李,亚优势种为刺五加和胡榛子;草本层优势种为羊胡苔草。该地区天然次生林群落植物物种比较丰富,丰富度指数草本层最高,乔木层和灌木层较接近;均匀度指数和多样性指数灌木层最高,草本层最低,乔木层居中。 相似文献
15.
Many willow species (genus: Salix) co-occur within habitats (α-diversity) and across the landscape (β-diversity) throughout North America. This high diversity is challenging to explain because closely related species often share similar functional traits and thus experience heightened competition and shared pest and pathogen susceptibility. To investigate whether traits related to drought survival are important in maintaining diversity, we conducted an experimental dry-down on six willow species in a greenhouse. We compared species' growth rates, stem and leaf hydraulics, leaf function and dieback and examined potential associations between their drought responses and habitat affinities. Habitat affinities were characterized based on species occurrence in randomly established field plots in central Minnesota. Overall, species that occur in drier, more seasonally variable habitats tended to have higher water-use efficiency, and faster growth rates than species from wetter habitats. However, the greatest difference in drought survival strategies was found between two species with similar habitat affinities. We conclude that differences in willow species could be important in both driving habitat differentiation and permitting temporal differentiation in resource utilization within habitats. Therefore, species' water-use strategies could be important in maintaining both α- and β-diversity across the landscape. 相似文献
16.
贵州紫云典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植物群落的种群分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了贵州紫云典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植物群落的物种丰富度，多样性，均匀度和生态优势度，探讨了这一次生植被植物群落的种－多度的分布特征，并进行了类型划分和主要种群分布格局、生态位宽度、生态位重迭度的测定，结果表明：越趋近原生性较强的群落具有更为稳定的多样性指数和生态优势度。该次生植被的植物种群由于个体差异较大，对生态小生境分化不大及对资源的充分利用尚存较大潜力可向更深层次的方向发展。 相似文献
17.
Anna Young-Mathews Steven W. Culman Sara Sánchez-Moreno A. Toby O’Geen Howard Ferris Allan D. Hollander Louise E. Jackson 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,80(1):41-60
Forested riparian buffers in California historically supported high levels of biodiversity, but human activities have degraded
these ecosystems over much of their former range. This study examined plant communities, belowground biodiversity and indicators
of multiple ecosystem functions of riparian areas across an agricultural landscape in the Sacramento Valley of California,
USA. Plant, nematode and soil microbial communities and soil physical and chemical properties were studied along 50-m transects
at 20 sites that represented the different land use, soil and vegetation types in the landscape. Riparian zones supported
greater plant diversity and nearly twice as much total carbon (C) per hectare compared to adjacent land managed for agricultural
uses, but had generally lower soil microbial and nematode diversity and abundance. When woody plant communities were present
in the riparian zone, plant diversity and species richness were higher, and soil nitrate and plant-available phosphorus levels
were lower. Belowground diversity and community structure, however, appeared to depend more on plant productivity (as inferred
by vegetation cover) than plant diversity or species richness. Greater plant species richness, nematode food web structure,
total microbial biomass, woody C storage and lower soil nitrate and phosphorus loading were correlated with higher visual
riparian health assessment scores, offering the possibility of managing these riparian habitats to provide multiple ecosystem
functions. 相似文献
18.
Predatory beetles in cacao agroforestry systems in Brazilian Atlantic forest: a test of the natural enemy hypothesis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The natural enemy hypothesis predicts a positive correlation between plant species diversity and natural enemy control. This study aimed to evaluate the role of traditional cacao agroforests, known as “cabrucas,” on the conservation of the predatory beetle community compared to that of monodominant rubber agroforests. Predatory beetles were sampled in three habitats in Southeastern Bahia, Brazil: cabrucas and rubber agroforests and native Atlantic forests. In each habitat, 18 10 m2 plots were established, in which canopy cover was measured and beetles were sampled with a modified Malaise/window trap. Land use intensification did not affect the composition of predatory beetles, with the presence of widely distributed species that are also capable of colonizing simpler environments such as the rubber agroforest. Canopy cover had a positive effect on generalist predator diversity and we observed a reduction in the abundance and species richness of generalist predators with increasing habitat homogenization. Despite the simplified structure of the habitat, the remaining tree diversity and canopy cover in cabrucas supported a community of generalist predators similar to the one found in the native forest. Species diversity of bark beetle predators was higher in cabrucas, which may be due to the high diversity of bark beetles and the favorable abiotic conditions, whereas the low abundance of prey in the native forest and severe abiotic conditions in the rubber agroforest probably determined the lower diversity of generalist predators in these habitats. Cabrucas play an important role in the conservation, supporting a community of predatory beetles more similar to the one found in native forest and that is more effective at controlling populations of herbivores than in homogeneous rubber agroforests. 相似文献
19.
T. H. Sparks J. N. Greatorex-Davies J. O. Mountford M. L. Hall R. H. Marrs 《Forest Ecology and Management》1996,80(1-3):197-207
During 1985-6 the vegetation in the rides (forest tracks) of eight English lowland woods, planted on ancient woodland sites was surveyed. Shade was measured in each transect by hemispherical photography. Dicotyledonous species richness and the majority of dicot plant species declined as shade increased. The results for individual species compare favourably with Ellenberg's (L) value in most cases, and a method is suggested for modifying Ellenberg's data in the light of new information. The woodlands contained species of both open and shaded habitats and communities were influenced by soil acidity. Because shade in woodland rides increases as the trees mature, theory states that there will almost certainly be a reduction in plant species diversity. Butterfly populations would also be adversely affected, partly because of the reduction in direct sunlight, and partly because their larval foodplants decline in both quantity and quality since they are generally associated with low to moderate shade. 相似文献