共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
不同粒型小麦籽粒发育过程中细胞分裂素含量的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解小麦籽粒发育过程中籽粒内细胞分裂素变化动态,给小麦品种选育和化学调控提供理论依据,对不同粒型小麦籽粒形成、灌浆过程中籽粒内细胞分裂素的变化动态及其与灌浆的关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同粒型小麦品种籽粒发育过程中细胞分裂素含量具有相似的变化趋势。在籽粒形成期,籽粒中ZR、iPA含量迅速增加,在开花期后的18～24d达到峰值,其后逐渐下降。籽粒中ZR、iPA含量峰值出现的早晚与籽粒灌浆强度增加的持续时间呈正相关。 相似文献
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水稻不同粒位籽粒淀粉与蛋白质累积动态差异 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以中熟籼稻（扬稻6号）和中熟粳稻（扬粳9538）为材料,研究了穗上不同粒位籽粒灌浆过程中粒重、淀粉、可溶性糖和粗蛋白质含量等动态变化,以期通过分析灌浆物质累积动态差异探讨不同粒位间籽粒品质差异形成的生理原因。穗上不同粒位籽粒灌浆物质累积动态存在显著差异,同一穗上早开花籽粒起步灌浆早,初期灌浆速率快;灌浆前、中期籽粒中淀粉和直链淀粉累积速率、累积量与籽粒开花顺序较为一致,即早开花籽粒大于迟开花籽粒,而不同粒位籽粒间的可溶性糖含量变化则与之相反。灌浆在粒位间的差异扬粳9538大于扬稻6号。成熟期籽粒直链淀粉含量则与开花顺序无必然联系。粗蛋白质含量随灌浆进程呈倒“S”型趋势,即灌浆前期下降较快,至最低点后略有回升,前期下降速率迟开花籽粒大于早开花籽粒,但蛋白质含量在整个灌浆阶段则以迟开花籽粒大于早开花籽粒,二次枝梗大于一次枝梗籽粒,穗下部籽粒高于其他部位籽粒。灌浆前、中期同枝梗上较早开花籽粒含水量下降幅度大于迟开花的籽粒,一次枝梗上第1粒尤为明显。以上结果说明,可溶性碳水化合物的供给可能不是弱势粒发育不良的限制因子,弱势粒灌浆充实不良可能与其较低的生理活性有关。 相似文献
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不同密度下施氮对甜玉米果穗形成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以甜玉米甜单8号为材料,在不同种植密度(45 000、60 000和75 000株/hm2)及不同供氮水平(0、120和240 kg/hm2)下对果穗产量、穗粒结构、穗部性状形成过程及子粒灌浆动态进行了研究。结果表明：施氮水平、种植密度对甜玉米产量影响显著,施氮可显著提高鲜穗产量与子粒产量;穗长、穗粗的形成贯穿整个果穗发育过程,可用Logistic曲线拟合,分别在吐丝与抽雄期达到最终穗长与穗粗的50%;穗粒数在抽雄期达到最高峰,随时间推进果穗败育粒增加;施氮对单穗重的提高在高密度下最明显。施氮能够促进玉米子粒的灌浆,但不同密度下施氮对灌浆动态的影响明显不同,在4～20 DAP子粒体积、百粒鲜重、灌浆速率均明显升高,且施氮处理高于不施氮处理。 相似文献
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晚粳稻籽粒中砷、镉、铬、镍、铅等重金属含量的品种和粒位效应 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
选用籽粒着粒密度差异较大的密穗型品种秀水63和散穗型品种秀水11，种植于受重金属轻度污染的土壤，研究了晚粳稻籽粒中有毒重金属As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb含量的品种与粒位效应。结果表明，重金属含量的粒位间差异秀水63明显大于秀水11，As、Cd、Cr、Pb含量粒位间差异显著， Ni含量差异较小。穗上部籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量高于中部籽粒，穗下部籽粒最低，而Cr、Pb则正好相反。稻米中几种重金属含量与粒重的关系因重金属种类不同存在着差异，籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与粒重呈正相关，而Cr和Pb含量与粒重呈负相关。秀水63和秀水11不同粒位的籽粒灌浆模式存在差异，下位粒灌浆速率较低，使粒重较上、中位粒低，导致粒重有较大的粒位差异，而这种差异也与穗部着粒密度有关，秀水63明显大于秀水11。籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与最大灌浆速率（GRm）呈正相关，与到达最大灌浆速率时间（Tpoi）呈负相关，而Cr和Pb含量与以上两个籽粒灌浆特性参数分别呈负相关和正相关，说明籽粒As、Cd、Ni的积累与碳水化合物的积累具有相同或相近的模式，而Cr和Pb表现为不同的积累模式。 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2020,(3)
以籼粳亚种间四倍体水稻、同源四倍体水稻和二倍体水稻为研究材料,对其农艺性状、稻部性状、稻穗相同枝梗不同着粒位置上颖花的结实特征、主穗和分蘖穗的结实特征等进行了考察和分析。结果表明,与同源四倍体和二倍体水稻相比,亚种间四倍体水稻的株高、生育期、穗长、单株有效穗、每穗颖花数和千粒重均显著增加;亚种间四倍体水稻的一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数较多,但颖花着粒密度并未增加。在稻穗不同部位颖花的结实特征和同枝梗上不同着粒部位颖花的结实特征上,亚种间四倍体水稻与同源四倍体水稻和二倍体水稻相似;在主穗与分蘖穗的结实特征上,亚种间四倍体水稻与二倍体水稻表现相似,而同源四倍体水稻则表现不同。 相似文献
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小麦生育中后期硝酸还原酶活性及其与穗粒重关系的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对１９９１～１９９３两年不同品种和不同施氮处理硝酸还原酶活性（ＮＲＡ）的测定,对小麦生长发育中ＮＲＡ变化动态及其与穗粒重、千粒重的动态关系进行了研究。结果表明,小麦各生育时期的叶片ＮＲＡ在开花期为最大,开花前呈上升趋势,开花之后随籽粒灌浆而逐渐下降,穗部（籽粒和颖片）ＮＲＡ在开花后逐渐上升,开花后１５～２１ｄ达到最大,之后又逐渐下降;叶片、籽粒ＮＲＡ以及ＮＲＡ总量与穗粒、千粒重均呈正相关。 相似文献
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玉米小花是形成籽粒的基础,其数量为品种特性,不受环境条件的影响。而玉米每穗粒数与环境条件关系密切,改善栽培条件能够提高穗粒数。玉米籽粒在其系统发育过程中,其数量不断减少,在开花授粉3周后逐渐稳定,籽粒大量败育阶段是在开花后的2～3周之内。如果该阶段确保籽粒发育的良好条件,就会有效地提高玉米的每穗粒数。 相似文献
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以两优培九(LYP9)及其亲本为对照,比较研究了两系杂交稻组合C两优396(C396)及其亲本的分蘖特性与物质生产、积累和分配以及灌浆速率等性状.结果表明:C396分蘖发生启动较慢,但中期分蘖数增加速率快,且无效分蘖少,最终单株有效穗数多于LYP9; C396主要生育时期的单株干重均高于同期对照LYP9,齐穗后穗部干物质的分配比例大;C396籽粒灌浆启动较迟,但在灌浆中后期(齐穗后15～25 d)维持较高的灌浆速率;表明抽穗前较多的干物质积累、抽穗后穗部较高的干物质分配比例、中后期较高的籽粒灌浆速率是C396高产的机理.C396每穗总粒数少于LYP9,但其具有较多的单株穗数、较高的结实率和较大的粒重,表明穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和粒重各产量因素协调是C396高产的重要原因. 相似文献
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亚种间杂交水稻协优413开花灌浆特性的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
以盆栽试验对亚种间杂交水稻协优413、其父本中413和籼型杂交水稻汕优10号的开花灌浆特性进行了比较研究。结果表明中413单穗籽粒总干物重最高，协优413次之，汕优10号最低，分别为4652.5、4173.9和3194.4 mg，结实率中413和协优413相近，分别为80.8%和83.9%，显著高于汕优10号的70.5%。单穗产量的差异与组合(恢复系)的开花灌浆特性有关，即与单穗颖花开花集中程度和强弱势粒灌浆结实的差异程度有关。对于供试的3个品种(或组合)而言，颖花开花越集中，强弱势粒灌浆结实差异越小，产量越高。还对单穗颖花开花历时作为今后亚种间杂交水稻的育种目标进行了讨论。 相似文献
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The difference in amylose content within a panicle as affected by the panicle morphology of rice cultivars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The variation of amylose content (AC) among grains within a panicle and its relation to panicle morphology were investigated using 44 japonica rice cultivars differing in grain density (GD), panicle bending degree (BD) and palatability. Morphological traits of the rice panicle were poorly associated with mean grain AC on the average of the whole panicle, but closely related to AC variation and spatial distribution within a panicle, with the compact-panicle cultivars (GD>6.5 grain/cm and BD< 30°) having greater variation than loose-panicle cultivars (GD<6.0 grain/cm and BD>70°). The extent of AC differences among the rachides within a panicle was also cultivar-dependent, and greater differences were found between middle and top rachides for the compact-panicle cultivars, and between middle and bottom rachides for the loose-panicle cultivars. The difference in spatial distribution of AC variation between Bing110 (a compact-panicle cultivar) and XS11 (a loose-panicle cultivar) indicated that grains with low AC were principally distributed on interior rachis of middle branches for Bing110, but on bottom-rachis for XS11. Such a distribution is basically associated with the difference in the timing procedure of floret initiation and development, and final grain weight. 相似文献
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The removal of phosphorus (P) from fields in the harvested seeds of staple crops is a major driver of the global P cycle, and consequently, there is interest in breeding grain crops with lower seed P concentrations. While it is expected that a reduction in seed total P would result in lower concentrations of the P-rich anti-nutrient phytate, the potential consequences for starch lysophospholipids (LPLs), which affect rice grain quality and health outcomes in humans, are unknown. We examined the accumulation of phytate and starch LPLs in developing indica (cv. IR64) and japonica (cv. Nipponbare) rice grains as well as the stability of starch LPLs and phytate under varying P supply treatments in hydroponics. Source-sink relationships during grain filling (drought and floret abortion) were also investigated in a pot study. Accumulation of phytate and starch LPLs in seeds continued until 18 days after anthesis (DAA) in cv. Nipponbare and 21 DAA in cv. IR64, which mirrored the accumulation of biomass in seeds. In the hydroponic study, permanent withdrawal of P from the nutrient solution at anthesis (until maturity) led to significant reductions in both phytate and starch LPLs with a similar trend observed when P was withdrawn at 8 DAA. In the pot study using soil, alteration of source-sink systems through drought stress during grain filling or floret abortion (manual removal of the top half of each panicle) also led to significant reductions in grain phytate and starch LPLs compared to control plants. These results indicate that in addition to affecting phytate concentrations, reduced P supply to rice plants during grain filling and alteration of source-sink relationships also impacts starch LPL concentrations. Given these complexities, breeding and selection for reduced seed P concentration in rice and other cereals should be undertaken with caution. 相似文献
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烯效唑对杂交水稻籽粒灌浆及产量的影响研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以杂交稻组合汕优63为材料,探讨了不同施药时期(浸种、孕穗期喷施)和不同质量浓度(0,10,20,40,80 mg/L)烯效唑处理对籽粒生长过程及产量的影响.结果表明,烯效唑对强势粒生长有一定抑制作用,但同时却促进了弱势粒的生长,在一定程度上具有协调强、弱势粒灌浆的作用,降低成熟期强势粒单粒重而提高弱势粒单粒重;使强势粒的终极生长量降低,达最大生长速率的时间延后,从而延长弱势粒的灌浆时间,提高弱势粒的灌浆速率及最大干重;由于烯效唑对弱势粒生长的促进作用,显著提高了其穗实粒数,进而提高了单穗籽粒干重及水稻产量.处理时期不同,其最佳浓度不同;浸种处理以质量浓度为40mg/L时产量最高,喷施处理以20mg/L时的产量最高. 相似文献
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南方晚粳杂交稻与常规稻籽粒灌浆及后期叶片光合特性的差异 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以南方杂交晚粳秀优5号和常规晚粳秀水110为材料,应用Richards方程对两个品种的籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合,研究了两个水稻品种的灌浆特性,并测定分析了两类品种的后期叶片光合特性。 秀优5号的起始灌浆势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均略低于秀水110,但活跃灌浆时间明显长于秀水110,说明杂交晚粳灌浆更为平缓、灌浆期长,有利于获得较高粒重,也有利于缓解其穗型较大引起的籽粒间物质的激烈竞争。齐穗后10 d,秀优5号的光合和叶绿素荧光参数与秀水110无显著差异,但齐穗后25 d,秀优5号除初始荧光值的增加幅度未达显著水平外,其他参数均显著高于秀水110。研究结果表明,南方杂交粳稻在灌浆后期仍保持较高的物质生产能力,是它具有较长籽粒灌浆持续期,大穗与较高粒重相协调,最终实现高产的重要生理基础。 相似文献
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三角形强化栽培技术对水稻光合生理特性及产量形成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以杂交水稻冈优527为材料,研究了水稻在三角形强化栽培、正方形强化栽培、抛秧栽培和常规高产栽培等不同栽培方式下的生理指标、灌浆特性及产量。结果表明,在三角形强化栽培技术体系下适宜密度的水稻群体具有独特的优势:在关键生育时期叶面积指数(LAI)较大,齐穗后剑叶衰老减缓,光合速率较高,能够充分发挥个体生长优势,贮存积累并向穗部转运较多的光合同化产物,不仅保证了强势粒的灌浆,而且弱势粒灌浆也较为顺畅,产量构成因素得到优化配置,从而获得高产。 相似文献
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Effect of Grain Position within a Panicle and Variety on As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb Concentrations in japonica Rice 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
CHENGWang-da ZHANGGuo-ping YAOHai-gen TANGMei-ling 《水稻科学》2005,12(1):48-56
Two japonica rice varieties, a compact panicle (CP) Xiushui 63 and a loose panicle (LP) Xiushui 11 were grown in a slightly contaminated paddy field, to determine the effect of grain positions within a panicle and variety on grain As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations. There was a significant difference in grain As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations among grain positions, and the extent of the difference was variety- and metal-specific; Xiushui 63 showed greater difference than Xiushui 11, and As, Cd, Cr and Pb being greater than Ni. The top grains (TG) of a panicle had higher As, Cd and Ni concentrations than the middle ones (MG), and the bottom ones (BG) contained the lowest. With regard to Cr and Pb, the case was opposite. Significantly positive correlations were found between grain weight and As, Cd, Ni concentrations, but there was a negative correlation between grain weight and Cr, and Pb concentrations. There was a remarkable variation in grain filling pattern among grains within a panicle, and between Xiushui 63 and Xiushui 11. In comparison with MG and TG, BG had the lowest grain filling rate and grain weight, leading to obvious difference in grain weight among grains within a panicle, and a greater difference for Xiushui 63 than for Xiushui 11. The regression analysis showed that grain As and Cd concentrations were positively correlated with the maximum grain filling rate (GRm),while negatively correlated with the required time for reaching the maximum grain filling rate (Tpol). Concerning Cr and Pb, the case was just reverse. It is suggested that As and Cd accumulation in grains might be accompanied by the carbohydrate accumulations, while Cr and Pb accumulation displayed a different pattern. 相似文献