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本研究旨在探讨紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）混播草地放牧利用的生产潜力和集成全草型集约化肉羊放牧育肥技术模式。2017-2018年，在位于河北省廊坊市的中国农业科学院国际农业高新技术产业园内开展了2年羔羊育肥的划区轮牧试验，研究了紫花苜蓿混播草地的地上生物量、育肥羊增重以及羊肉品质的变化规律。结果表明：混播草地地上生物量超过11.2 tDM·hm-2，5月份紫花苜蓿混播草地的粗蛋白为20.92%，每公顷紫花苜蓿混播草地可满足51只育肥羊、放牧育肥150天，每只增重30 kg所需的干物质、代谢能和粗蛋白三个方面的全部需求。与此同时，紫花苜蓿混播草地还可以显著增加羊肉中欧米伽3型多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，n-6/n-3比例为2.72，羊肉健康品质显著提高。以紫花苜蓿混播草地为基础的全草型肉羊放牧育肥技术具有广阔的应用前景，对我国苜蓿产业以及草地畜牧业发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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高寒地区暖季草场放牧牦牛的生产性能及其土壤养分变化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
旨在通过不同放牧强度下高寒小嵩草(Alpine Kobresia parva(Nees)Wang et Tang ex Y.C.Yang)草甸和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)/星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora(Griseb.)Scribn.et Merr.)高寒混播草地暖季草场植物初级生产力、土壤养分含量以及牦牛生产性能的研究,为草地合理利用提供有益的依据。结果表明:牦牛个体增重与放牧强度均呈线性关系;高寒小嵩草草甸暖季草场最适放牧强度为1.26头/hm2,垂穗披碱草/星星草混播高寒混播草地暖季草场的最适放牧强度是7.23头/hm2;放牧强度对高寒混播草地速效氮和速效磷的影响不显著,对速效钾的影响显著(P<0.05);随着放牧强度的提高,高寒小嵩草草甸土壤有机质、有机碳、全氮、全磷的含量呈减小趋势;当放牧强度分别达到1.07头/hm2,1.08头/hm2和1.22头/hm2时,0~5 cm,5~10 cm,10~20cm土壤速效氮含量依此达到最小;随着放牧强度的提高,高寒小嵩草草甸禾草和莎草的比例下降,可食杂草和毒杂草比例增加,而高寒混播草地垂穗披碱草的比例降低,星星草和杂类草的比例增加。 相似文献
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利用综合评定分析的方法评价匍匐型天蓝苜蓿（Medicago minima L.）、小苜蓿（Medicago lupulina L.）与禾本科草坪草（草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis L.）、多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.））混播后绿地草坪的品质;同时研究它们的植株生长和根系分布,探讨豆禾混播对禾本科草坪景观的影响。结果表明：天蓝苜蓿、小苜蓿与禾本科草坪草混播可以促进禾本科草坪草生长,豆禾混播草坪性能优于禾禾混播,其中天蓝苜蓿与这两种禾本科草坪草混播效果佳,可形成致密、颜色均一的绿地草坪;在叶色上,天蓝苜蓿适合与叶片颜色较深的禾本科草坪草混播,而小苜蓿则适合与叶片颜色较浅的禾本科草坪草混播;混播草坪中豆科根系分布较深,禾本科根系分布较浅,豆禾混播可利用不同土层的营养物质;两种豆科植物较适宜的播量均为2 g·m-2,与禾本科草坪草混播最佳的播种时间为秋季。综合分析认为,天蓝苜蓿、小苜蓿与禾本科草坪草混播可以建造优质、美观的绿地草坪。 相似文献
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针对我国北方广大半干旱草原的生境条件，培育适宜放牧的根蘖型苜蓿新品种是当务之急。我所于1984年开始采用综合育种手段，育成“图牧3号”和“图牧4号”根蘖型苜蓿新品种，经7年时间生产应用，鲜草产量明显高于加拿大“Rangelander”苜蓿和内蒙地方品种准噶尔苜蓿。1995年起建立单播和混播人工草地，根蘖率和产草量完全超过育种指标，具有持久、耐牧和抗逆性强等特点。2000年先后在美国和加拿大半干旱草原带试种，放牧利用效果显著。目前在国内已建立2个种子繁育基地，为提供天然草地补播和建立人工放牧草地所需要的种子。 相似文献
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研究5种禾本科牧草与草原二号苜蓿在不同混播方式下种群的生长高度、种间竞争率（CRi）及产草量。结果表明：草原二号苜蓿的生长不受单播、混播的影响,混播促进了禾本科植物的生长。随着豆科播种量的增加,各试验小区的产量增加。人工草地较天然草地有明显的增产作用。混播人工草地比单播人工草地又有显著的增产效应,其中2/3草原二号苜蓿＋1/3披碱草的混播组合比其他组合增产现象明显。综合结果表明,草原二号苜蓿和缘毛雀麦的混播组合具有合理的禾/豆比例和较高的生产力水平,为较合理的物种组合。 相似文献
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基于高寒草地放牧系统次级生产力的优化放牧强度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据小嵩草（Kobresia parva）高寒草甸和垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）/星星草（Puccinellia tenuflora）高寒混播人工草地牦牛放牧系统、紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）高寒草原藏系绵羊放牧系统中草地次级生产力（家畜增重）的试验数据,构建了放牧家畜个体增重与放牧强度之间的模型：Y=a-bX（b>0）,以此为基础确定了单位面积草地次级生产力（家畜增重）与放牧强度之间的数学模型：Y=aX-bX2（b>0）;计算出各放牧系统最大生产力放牧强度：高寒草甸冷季和暖季草场分别是1.68头·hm-2和2.52头·hm-2,高寒人工草地牧草生长季为7.23头·hm-2,高寒草原冷季、暖季和全年连续放牧草场分别是4.33,6.45,2.36只·hm-2。 相似文献
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为探究划区轮牧对放牧型紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）人工草地产量与品质的影响，本研究开展周期为36 d的6个小区划区轮牧试验，通过对在牧期和牧后再生期紫花苜蓿地上生物量与粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维指标含量的测定，研究在牧期和牧后再生期紫花苜蓿产量与品质的变化规律，以期为轮牧制度的合理制定提供依据。结果表明：7—8月进行划区轮牧时，在牧期紫花苜蓿的产量和品质均随放牧时间的延长而降低，根据地上生物量和粗蛋白含量的降低量计算出苜蓿草地平均每天为每只羊提供的干物质和粗蛋白量分别为1.65 kg和318 g。牧后再生期紫花苜蓿的产量随时间的延长而升高，品质则随时间的延长先升高后降低，在21 d时品质最好，经过30 d的再生，地上生物量可达3.73 t·hm-2，粗蛋白产量可达0.8 t·hm-2。另外，由于绵羊采食的选择性，导致仅剩木质化茎秆的残茬对再生初期苜蓿品质的影响较大，建议牧后对残茬进行刈割以提升再生期草品质。 相似文献
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甘南牦牛传统放牧生产模式使牦牛生产存在周期长、收益低、草场压力大等问题,而“国家”、“地方”和“牧民”对草地生态保护、经济发展、增加收入的迫切需求,使得高生产效率已成为牦牛发展的迫切需要。[目的]为提高牦牛暖季育肥效果,[方法]本试验利用不同饲料对牦牛进行暖季补饲育肥,筛选适合甘南牧区最佳育肥方式,为牦牛高质量发展提供技术支持和理论指导。[结果]试验结果表明,采用蒸汽压片玉米+放牧补饲育肥组试验末总增重分别比苜蓿颗粒+放牧和纯放牧的方式分别提高了32.46%,20.97%,经济效益分别比以上两组提高了23.21%,13.55%。[结论]因此,蒸汽压片玉米+放牧暖季补饲育肥方式组适合在广大牧区甘南牦牛生产中推广适用。 相似文献
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Seasonal changes in grazing capacity of an irrigated grass/legume mixture consisting of lucerne, red clover, white clover, tall fescue, cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass were determined in the Rûens area of the southern Cape. Applying variable stocking rates and three grazing pressures (1,5; 2,25 and 3,0 kg DM/dry sheep‐unit/ day) in a six‐paddock grazing system, it was found that the mean annual stocking rate for maximum wool yield was 54,4 dry sheep‐units/ha over a period of three years. The seasonal grazing capacity of the pasture varied throughout the year and dry matter availability was most limiting during winter and highest during spring. The clover component of the pasture was depressed by the high grazing pressure and declined with age, while the grass content increased proportionally. The proportional lucerne content of the pasture material was more stable and was promoted by the high grazing pressure, but was not influenced by increased pasture age. 相似文献
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采食量是放牧家畜生产性能的重要影响因素,在草地生态系统中起重要作用。夏季在甘南夏河分别选取不同生理类群(羔羊、1岁母羊、2岁母羊、3岁母羊、4岁母羊、羯羊和种公羊)的欧拉型、甘加型和乔科型藏羊各4只进行试验。采用二氧化钛指示剂法与粪氮指数法分别测定藏羊排粪量和牧草有机物质消化率,从而计算放牧采食量,并对特征间的相关性进行研究。结果表明:欧拉型、乔科型和甘加型藏羊的平均放牧采食量分别为1031.93、834.59和956.15 g·d-1,乔科型藏羊放牧采食量显著(P<0.05)小于欧拉型和甘加型藏羊。3个类型藏羊的每kg代谢体重采食量和干物质采食量占体重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。欧拉型、乔科型和甘加型藏羊对夏河天然草地牧草的平均有机物质消化率分别为50.79%、47.22%和55.58%。欧拉型、乔科型和甘加型藏羊的平均排粪量分别为561.26、484.06和466.74 g·d-1,其中欧拉型藏羊的排粪量显著高于其他两个类型。试验在高寒地区天然草地研究不同类型藏羊的排粪量、有机物质消化率和放牧采食量,旨在为该地区放牧藏羊的科学饲养与管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the effects of two grazing methods (GM) and two stocking rates (SR) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. var. WL225) pasture quality and diet selection by Holstein steers. Eight pasture plots (.76 ha) were seeded in 1988 and divided into two blocks of four pastures each. Pastures were managed to allow a 36-d rest period with an average grazing season of 105 d. Before steers entered the next paddock, canopy heights (CH) of alfalfa plants were determined and pasture-forage samples were collected. Forage samples were analyzed for DM, OM, CP, and in vitro OM digestibility (IVOMD). At 12-d intervals beginning with the second grazing cycle, extrusa samples were collected from steers with esophageal fistulas. Extrusa samples were frozen, freeze-dried, and analyzed for OM, CP, IVOMD, in situ ruminal DM degradation, and ruminal undegradable protein. There were no effects of GM on alfalfa CH or pasture DM, OM, CP, and IVOMD. Increasing the SR increased pasture CP content in both years and increased DM, OM, and IVOMD in the 2nd yr. There was no effect of GM or SR on the quality of forage selected by esophageally fistulated steers. Esophageally fistulated steers selected forage that had greater OM, CP, and IVOMD than the average nutrient content of the forage. Although forage quality was greater when stocking rates were increased, the quantity of forage available per animal may have limited gains. 相似文献
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本试验采用引进优良肉用种公羊与藏羊进行经济杂交生产杂一代肉用羔羊,通过“放牧＋补饲”育肥技术,达到当年羔羊适时育肥出栏,加快羊群周转、增加收入,减轻冬春草场压力,保护草地生态和持续合理利用天然草场,提高养羊业经济效益,进一步增强优质羔羊肉市场竞争能力,促进海北州羔羊生产向可持续和产业化方向发展. 相似文献
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川西北退牧还草工程区围栏草地植被恢复效果的研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
通过对川西北草原退牧还草工程区围栏草地植被恢复效果的研究,结果表明,退化草地经围栏禁牧和休牧后,由于有效消除了放牧干扰,草地得到休养生息,开始不断改善和恢复,植物种类和数量增多,物种多样性提高,样地的物种多样性大小表现为：休牧＞禁牧＞对照;围栏样地地上生物量增加明显,平均比对照高出50.36%～88.77%;草群高度也明显增高,比对照平均高出36.79%～76.98%;草地总盖度变大,禁牧和休牧草地分别比对照提高了11.49%～17.28%。同时,草地质量明显提高,优良牧草开始增多,而毒杂草的种类和数量开始减少。综合评价,各年度退牧还草工程区内草地植被生态恢复效果良好。 相似文献
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A method of sampling pasture to estimate the numbers of infective nematode larvae to which grazing cattle were exposed was based on the grazing patterns and behavioural activities of two groups of cattle and was compared with other sampling techniques. Each group of cattle consisted of six permanent members, two members fistulated at the oesophagus and one worm-free tracer calf. Grazing time and the area where grazing occurred was not significantly different for tracer calves, fistulated cattle and permanent group members, and there was no relationship between grazing time and the live weight of cattle. Grazing time, the percentage of paddock area grazed intensively and the percentage of the paddock not grazed varied with season. The most intensively grazed areas were always visited between first light and the first rest period during mid-morning, and the plant parts and pasture species eaten could easily be identified by visual examination of these areas of the paddock. Larval recoveries per 100 g pasture ingested were estimated for comparison with the grazing area method using two other manual pasture sampling methods, a sampling method using tracer calves and one using fistulated calves. Correlations between these methods were not consistent but indicated that, given the small number of data sets, all methods were sensitive enough to estimate larval availability on pasture with the exception of the tracer calf method in the overstocked 3.4-ha paddock. 相似文献