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1.
The effect of increasing manganese (Mn) concentrations on calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and phosphorus (P) absorption and translocation was studied in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Safari), before and after the end of mobilization of seed reserves. Rice plants were grown over a 15-, 21-, and 28-day period in nutrient solutions containing Mn concentrations varying between 0.125 and 32 mg L?1. It was found that increasing Mn concentrations in the nutrient solution was coupled to an increasing net uptake, total shoot accumulation, and root and shoot contents of this metal during all the experimental periods. Concerning the translocation rates, in 15-day-old plants a decrease was found after the 2 mg L?1 Mn treatment, but from the 21st day onward an increase was found until the highest treatment. The modulating action of Mn in macronutrient accumulation displayed different patterns among the experimental periods. In the root tissues of 15-day-old plants, Ca decreased significantly until the 2 mg L?1 treatment and Na increased. In the shoots, the contents of P and Na decreased, but K and Mg showed significant increases. Until the 32 mg L?1 Mn treatment, the ratio between root and shoot concentrations of K and Mg decreased in these plants. A similar pattern was also found for Ca until the 2 mg L?1 Mn treatment. That ratio increased for Na. Plant total amount of Ca sharply decreased. Shoot total amount of Na and P also decreased, but the pattern of Ca increased until the 2 mg L?1 Mn treatment. The concentrations of K increased in the root tissues 21 days after germination, but the levels of Ca, Mg, Na, and P decreased. In the shoots, the concentrations of Ca and Mg decreased significantly. Until the 32 mg L?1 Mn treatment, the ratio between root and shoot concentration of Na and P increased, whereas those of Ca and Mg decreased. An increase was found for the plant and shoot total amount of Ca, K, and Mg until the last Mn treatment, but an opposite trend was found for Na and P. Additionally, until the 32 mg L?1 Mn treatment, an increase was found for the proportions of Ca and Mg translocated to the shoot, but an opposite trend was detected for P. It was concluded that before and after the end of the mobilization of seed reserves, the net uptake rate of Ca is reversed, and, moreover, a similar trend is shown for the net translocation of Mg. A major implication of this process is the alteration of the related pattern for shoot accumulation. Eventually a different selectivity of the K+:Na+ ratio is also developed in the roots.  相似文献   

2.
Field experiments were carried out during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons (June–April) of 2008–2010 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, to study the productivity, nutrients uptake, iron (Fe) use-efficiency and economics of aerobic rice-wheat cropping system as influenced by mulching and Fe nutrition. The highest yield attributes, grain and straw yields (5.41 tonnes ha?1 and 6.56 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in rice was recorded with transplanted and puddled rice (TPR) followed by aerobic rice with Sesbania aculeata mulch. However, residual effect of aerobic rice with wheat straw mulch was more pronounced on yield attributes, grain and straw yields (4.20 and 6.70 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in succeeding wheat and remained at par with aerobic rice with Sesbania mulch. Application of iron sulfate (FeSO4) at 50 kg ha?1 + 2 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4 was found to be the best in terms of all the yield attributes, grain and straw yield (5.09 and 6.17 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake and remained at par with 3 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4. Although residual effect of iron application failed to increase the yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K) except Fe. The highest system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B: C ratio and lowest cost of cultivation were recorded with aerobic rice with wheat straw and Sesbania aculeata mulch. Application of FeSO4 at 50 kg ha?1 + two foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4 was found better in respect of system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B:C ratio and cost of cultivation in aerobic rice-wheat cropping system. The Fe use efficiency values viz. partial factor productivity (kg grain kg?1 Fe), agronomic efficiency (kg grain increased kg?1 Fe applied), agrophysiological efficiency (kg grain kg?1 Fe uptake), physiological efficiency (kg biomass kg?1 Fe uptake), apparent recovery (%) utilization efficiency and harvest index (%) of applied Fe were significantly affected due to methods of rice production and various Fe nutrition treatments in aerobic rice and aerobic rice-wheat cropping system.  相似文献   

3.
Lowland or flooded rice is mainly responsible for about 76% of total rice production at global level, yet information on micronutrient requirements for this crop is limited. Six greenhouse experiments were conducted at the National Rice and Bean Research Center of EMBRAPA, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, to determine requirements of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) for lowland rice grown on a Brazilian Inceptisol. The levels of micronutrients used were Zn (0, 10 20, 40, and 80 mg kg?1), Cu (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg?1), B (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg?1), Mo (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg kg?1), Mn (0, 50, 100, 300, and 600 mg kg?1), and Fe (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg?1). Grain yield was significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with the addition of Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Mn, and Fe. The adequate rates of micronutrients for maximum grain yield were Zn 33 mg kg?1, Cu 25 mg kg?1, B 26 mg kg?1, Mo 10 mg kg?1, Mn 250 mg kg?1, and Fe 1269 mg kg?1. In addition to grain yield, plant height, straw yield, panicle density, and root growth of lowland rice were also improved with the addition of most of these micronutrients. Improvement in root growth has special significance in improving nutrient-use efficiency under nutrient-stress conditions. Micronutrient-use efficiency (grain yield per unit nutrient applied) was in the order of Cu > Zn > Mn > Fe > Mo > B.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a widespread nutritional soil constraint affecting rice production in the wetland soils of West Africa. Critical levels of total iron in plant causing toxicity is difficult to determine as different rice cultivars respond to excessive Fe2 + in various ways in what is called “bronzing” or “yellowing” symptoms (VBS). An investigation was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plant growth and nutrient ratios at four iron levels (1000, 3000, 4000 μ g L?1) and control. This involved two rice cultivars (‘ITA 212’ and ‘Suakoko 8’), and two soil types (Aeric Fluvaquent and Aeric Tropaquept). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial in a completely randomized fashion with four replications. The results showed that nutrient ratios [phosphorus (P)/Fe, potassium (K)/Fe, calcium (Ca)/Fe, magnesium (Mg)/Fe, and manganese (Mn)/Fe), Fe content, and Fe uptake vary widely with the iron levels as well as with the age of the cultivars. The iron toxicity scores expressed as VBS increased with increasing Fe2 + in the soils, resulting in simultaneous reduction of the following variables: plant height, tiller numbers/pot, relationships grain yield (GY) and dry matter yield (DMY). There were no significant difference between nutrient ratios, Fe contents, Fe uptake, the GY and DMY of both rice cultivars on both soil types. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that Fe uptake and Fe contents contributed 42% and 17% respectively to the variation in the grain yield of ‘ITA 212’ on Aeric Tropaquept. On both soil types and cultivars, Fe uptake and Fe content contributed between 26 and 68% to the variation in the DMY, while the nutrient ratios (P/Fe, K/Fe, Ca/Fe, and Mn/Fe) contributed between 3% and 13% DMY. Thus, it could be concluded that iron toxicity in rice is more a function of a single nutrient (Fe) rather than nutrient ratios.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

Roots of young ‘Golden Delicious’ apple on M9 rootstock were inoculated with four strains of Azotobacter chroococcum, which were isolated from various soils. Effects of these strains in combination with different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and compost on plant growth and nutrient uptake were studied over two seasons. Therefore, a factorial arrangement included four strains of A. chroococcum, two levels of N-fertilizer (0 and 35 mg N kg?1soil of ammonium nitrate) and two levels of compost (0 and 12 g kg?1 soil of air-dried vermicompost). Among the four strains, AFA146 was the most beneficial strain, as it increased leaf area, leaf potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) uptake and root N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Mn, and Zn. The combination of AFA146 strain, compost and N fertilizer increased leaf uptake of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B, and root uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and copper (Cu), and root dry weight.  相似文献   

6.
Heavy metal uptake, translocation and partitioning differ greatly among plant cultivars and plant parts. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) levels (0, 45 and 90 mg kg?1 soil) on dry matter yield, and concentration, uptake and translocation of Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in seven rice cultivars. Application of 45 mg Cd kg?1 soil decreased root and shoot dry weight. On average, shoot and root Cd concentrations and uptake increased in all cultivars, but micronutrients uptake decreased following the application of 45 mg Cd kg?1. No significant differences were observed between 45 and 90 mg kg?1 Cd levels. On average, Cd treatments resulted in a decrease in Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoots and Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots. Differences were observed in Cd and micronutrient concentrations and uptake among rice cultivars. Translocation factor, defined as the shoot/root concentration ratio indicated that Cu and Fe contents in roots were higher than in shoots. The Mn concentration was much higher in shoots. Zinc concentrations were almost similar in the two organs of rice at 0 and 45 mg Cd kg?1. A higher Cd level, however, led to a decrease in the Zn concentration in shoots.  相似文献   

7.
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield-limiting factors in lowland rice production on Brazilian Inceptisol. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight P sources for lowland rice production. The P sources were simple superphosphate (SSP), polymer-coated simple superphosphate (PSSP), ammoniated simple superphosphate (ASSP), polymer-coated ammoniated simple superphosphate (PASSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), polymer-coated triple superphosphate (PTSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (PMAP). These P sources were applied in four rates (i.e., 50, 100 200, and 400 mg P kg?1) + one control treatment (0 mg P kg?1). Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle number, and root dry weight were significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing P levels from 0 to 400 mg kg?1 of all the P sources evaluated. However, overall maximum root length and P-use efficiency were significantly less at greater P levels. Based on regression equation, maximum plant height was obtained with 262 mg P kg, maximum straw yield was obtained with 263 mg P kg?1, maximum grain yield was obtained with 273 mg P kg?1, and maximum panicle density was obtained with 273 mg P kg?1. Plant growth and yield components had significant positive association with grain yield, except maximum root length. Based on grain yield and average P rate of maximum grain yield, which is 273 mg kg?1, P sources were classified for P-use efficiency in the order of PSSP = TSP > PTSP > PASSP > SSP > MAP > ASSP. Soil chemical properties [pH; P; potassium (K); calcium (Ca); magnesium (Mg); hydrogen (H) + aluminum (Al); cation exchange capacity (CEC); base saturation; Ca, Mg, and K saturation; acidity saturation; Ca/Mg, Ca/K, and Mg/K ratios] changed significantly with the addition of different P treatments.  相似文献   

8.
In Galicia (northwestern Spain), cultivated soils developed on schists from the Ordenes series are susceptible to surface degradation, mostly when soil organic content decreases. Therefore, management systems that protect the soil and increase its organic-matter content should also improve its quality. However, tillage practices may cause crusting. Degraded soil surface conditions favor surface runoff, thus enhancing nutrient losses. This study examined the effect of applying crop residues to the soil surface on the basic cation nutrient [calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na)] losses by runoff from a tilled soil with relatively low organic-matter content. Runoff and sediment yield were measured on 1-m2 plots using a rainfall simulator with constant 65 mm h?1 intensity. Four successive rainfall applications were performed, the first three at 25 mm each and the last at 65 mm. Added corn straw varied between 0 and 4 t ha?1 in the five treatments studied. Total and dissolved concentrations of the elements studied showed a tendency to decrease due to the effect of corn straw on soil losses. After 140 mm cumulative rainfall, total nutrient losses were as follows: Ca from 12.32 to 28.94 mg L?1, Mg from 20.81 to 148.90 mg L?1, K from 14.20 to 35.17 mg L?1, and Na from 14.99 to 23.41 mg L?1. The relative contribution of the dissolved fraction to the total nutrient content loss was highly variable, being up to 90% for Na. The results confirm that corn residues applied to a degraded soil, with low structural stability, prevent cation nutrient losses.  相似文献   

9.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than 50% of the world’s population, and phosphorus (P) is one of the most yield-limiting nutrients for rice production in tropical acidic soils worldwide. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate efficiency of six P sources for upland rice production. The P sources used were simple superphosphate (SSP), polymer-coated SSP (PSSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), polymer-coated TSP (PTSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer-coated MAP (PMAP). There were four P rates [50, 100 200, and 400 mg phosphorus (P) kg?1] applied with four sources plus one control treatment [0 mg phosphorus (P) kg?1]. Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle density, root dry weight, maximum root length, and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased with increasing P rates in the range of 0 to 400 mg P kg?1. However, P-use efficiency (mg grain produced per mg P applied) was decreased with increasing P rate. Based on regression equation, overall maximum plant height was obtained with the application of 235 mg P kg?1, maximum straw yield with the application of 265 mg P kg?1, and maximum grain yield at 227 mg P kg?1. Based on maximum grain yield, the P source were classified as PMAP > SSP = MAP > PSSP > TSP > PTSP in the upland rice production efficiency. Overall, maximum panicle density was obtained with the addition of 231 mg P kg?1 and maximum 1000-weight was obtained with the addition of 226 mg P kg?1. Similarly, overall root dry weight and maximum root length were achieved with the application of 261 and 298 mg P kg?1 of soil. Most of the growth and yield components had a significant positive association with grain yield. Optimum soil acidity indices such as pH; exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K); Ca, Mg, and K saturation; base saturation; and acidity saturation were established for maximum upland rice grain yield.  相似文献   

10.
‘Helleri’ holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri') plants were grown in solution culture at aluminum (Al) concentrations of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 mg.L‐1 for 116 days. Aluminum did not affect root or crown index, stem length growth, plant dry weight, or leaf area. Aluminum treatments significantly increased Al uptake and reduced nutrient uptake of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) on some sampling dates. Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) uptake decreased on most sampling dates but increased on some with Al treatments. Potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and boron (B) uptake were significantly affected by Al, decreasing and increasing at different sampling dates. Although plants preferentially took up ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4 +‐N) in all treatments (including 0 Al controls), neither NH4 +‐N nor nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3 ‐N) uptake were affected by Al. Tissue concentrations of P, K, B, Zn, and Al increased with Al treatment; whereas tissue Ca, Mg, and Cu concentrations decreased with increasing Al. Iron and Mn tissue concentrations exhibited increases and decreases in different tissues. Results indicated that ‘Helleri’ holly was tolerant of high concentrations of Al.  相似文献   

11.
Study aims to investigate the effects of vermicomposts containing oil processing wastes, dairy manure, municipal open market wastes and straw on the growth, nutrient concentrations and nutrient uptakes of corn plant. For this, there different mixtures were prepared. Vermicomposts were applied with the rates of 0, 5000, 10000, and 20000 kg ha?1 to 2 kg soil containing pots. Study was conducted in growth chamber for 2 months. Vermicompost applications increased plant growth, some plant nutrient concentrations and uptake. Also, vermicomposts showed the variation on parameters depending on their mixtures. Results showed that nutrients taken by the plant increased with the vermicompost until 10000 kg ha?1 dose. Most of the nutrient concentrations such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn) were not increased in plant tissues, whereas uptake of them by the plant showed a significant increase. In addition, residual soil nutrients increased with the increase in vermicompost levels.  相似文献   

12.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1621-1632
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus (P) deficiency on the mineral nutrition of five modern, high-yielding rice varieties, Purbachi, BR1, BR3, BR14, and BRRIDHAN29. The available P in the soils of different plots of the experimental field varied from 2.8 to 16.4 mg kg?1. Such a wide range of available P in the different plots resulted from differences in the amounts of P (0 to 480 kg ha?1) applied over a period of 8 years during a previous long-term P fertilizer trial in the same field.

The relationship among the P, potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in rice straw and grain in a soil P deficiency situation were especially noteworthy. The K concentration in rice straw was negatively correlated with the P concentration (r = ?0.42 to ?0.60), but in the case of grain the coefficient of correlation between P and K concentration were positive (r = 0.60 to 0.74). There was a strong positive relationship between the P and Mg concentration in grain (r = 0.70 to 0.97). These results suggest that the P deficiency in soil does not only affect the P nutrition of rice, but may also affect the uptake of other nutrients, especially that of K and Mg. The concentration of P in rice straw or grain increased or decreased, obviously, with an increase or decrease in the available P level in soil. Of interest, however, was the observed effect of the P concentration on the concentrations of nitrogen (N), K, and Mg in rice straw and grain.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of calcium and humic acid on seed germination, growth and macro- and micro-nutrient contents of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings in saline soil conditions were evaluated. Different levels of humic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg?1) and calcium (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg?1) were applied to growth media treated with 50 mg NaCl kg?1 before sowing seeds. Seed germination, hypocotyl length, cotyledon width and length, root size, shoot length, leaf number, shoot and root fresh weights, and shoot and root dry weights of the plant seedlings were determined. Macro- and micro-nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents of shoot and root of seedlings were also measured. Humic acid applied to the plant growth medium at 1000 mg kg?1 concentration increased seedling growth and nutrient contents of plants. Humic acid not only increased macro-nutrient contents, but also enhanced micro-nutrient contents of plant organs. However, high levels of humic acid arrested plant growth or decreased nutrient contents. Levels of 100 and 200 mg kg?1 Ca2+ application significantly increased N, Ca and S contents of shoot, and N and K contents of root.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the difference on growth between a rice cultivar with Clearfield® technology (Only Rice 228) and a hybrid (Benja 1); to characterize nutrient uptake, distribution, accumulation and removal between these two commercial genotypes. Tests under shade house and field conditions were performed to estimate macro and micronutrient uptake patterns. Plants were sampled at nine growth stages (emergence, initiation of tillering, active tillering, initiation of panicle primordia, booting, flowering, milky, soft dough and mature grain) and divided into different organs for nutrient determination. The results showed that “Benja 1” plants (92 d) had a shorter cycle than “Only Rice 228” (OR 228) plants (118 d). “OR 228” exhibited a greater biomass production (16.575?kg ha?1 vs. 12.621?kg ha?1) in field. The nutrient acquisition was faster in the hybrid Benja 1 between tillering initiation and the milky grain stage in which the N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, and Cu uptake was more evenly and highly distributed throughout these stages in both conditions. “Benja 1” showed a higher nutrient harvest index (HI). HI values above 50% (P (62%), N (61%), Cu (67%), S (55%), and Mg (52%)) were found in Benja 1 under field conditions. The results also highlight Si removal in both rice genotypes, in which Benja 1 stands out. These results provide information on the nutrient uptake and partitioning of modern rice genotypes, and give the knowledge to optimize fertilizer programs and timing recommendations for rice biomass and grain production in Colombia.  相似文献   

15.
Runoff may cause losses of micronutrients from soils. This can result in environmental problems such as contaminant transfers to water or a decrease in soil fertility. Appropriate soil management may reduce these micronutrient losses. This study examined the effect of applying crop residues to the soil surface on iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) losses by runoff. Runoff and sediment yield were measured on 1-m2 plots using a rainfall simulator with constant 65 mm h?1 intensity. Eight successive rainfall applications were performed at 65 mm each. Corn (Zea mays L.) straw was applied to plots at rates ranging from 0 to 8 t ha?1. Both total and dissolved concentrations of the micronutrients studied were decreased by corn straw applications. After 520 mm cumulative rainfall, total soil losses ranged from 150 to 15354 kg ha?1 depending on the amount of corn straw applied. Total micronutrient concentrations in runoff were as follows: Fe from 14.98 to 611.12 mg L?1, Mn from 0.03 to 0.61 mg L?1, Cu from 0.10 to 1.43 mg L?1, and Zn from 0.21 to 5.45 mg L?1. The relative contribution of the dissolved fraction to the total micronutrient content loss was low, but varied depending on the nutrient, being less than 1 percent for Fe and Mn and almost 10 percent for Zn. Total and dissolved concentrations in runoff of the studied elements decreased exponentially as the rate of applied corn straw increased. In conclusion, the addition of corn straw to soil reduced micronutrient losses.  相似文献   

16.

Plant growth and mineral element accumulation in Brassica juncea var. crispifolia (crisped-leaf mustard) under exposure to lanthanum (La) and cadmium (Cd) were studied by employing a hydroponic experiment with a complete two-factorial design. Four levels of La (0.05–5.0 mg L?1) and two levels of Cd (1.0 and 10.0 mg L?1) were used in this experiment. Lanthanum did not improve plant growth in this experiment. Addition of La (≥ 1.0 mg L?1) or Cd (≥ 10 mg L?1) to the solution inhibited root elongation. Lanthanum treatments reduced accumulations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in roots, and Mn in shoots. Lanthanum at ≥ 1.0 mg L?1 limited the Cd translocation from roots to shoots and thus decreased the accumulation of Cd in shoots. Cadmium had no influence on La accumulations in roots, but inhibited the accumulation of La in shoots. The study results suggest that applications of rare earth elements in vegetables would be potentially risky to human health.  相似文献   

17.
Manganese (Mn) deficiency in soybean has occurred mainly in soils with surface dolomite lime application, which increases pH and the magnesium (Mg) concentration in the surface layer. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Mg on the Mn uptake in four soybean cultivars with different nutritional requirements. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design, in 4 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme [four soybean cultivars, two Mg rates (0.1 and 1.0 mmol L?1) and four Mn rates (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 µmol L?1)], with four replicates. The cultivars used in the experiment were: IAC 17 and FT Estrela (for soils fertility or high nutritional demand) and IAC 15–1 and DM Nobre (for soils partially corrected or medium nutritional demand). The root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), SDW/RDW ratio, chlorophyll content, seed yield and foliar concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Mg, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), Mn, and zinc (Zn) were determined. The application of the highest Mg rate increased seed yield. This was also observed with a Mn rate up to 3.0 μmol L?1. There was an interaction of Mg and Mn in the plant, and it was found that the IAC 17 cultivar was the most sensitive to Mn, while FT Estrela had the lowest performance. N, P, K, and Zn concentrations were significantly influenced by Mn rates. The Mg and Mn rates had a significant effect on Mg foliar concentrations. The rate of 1.0 mmol L?1 of Mg provided the lowest levels of nutrients to the plant and increased SDW and seed yield, regardless of the nutritional requirement of each cultivar.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

In this study, the effect of glycine amino acid was evaluated on growth characteristics and nutrient uptake of coriander plants under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were soil application of glycine in two concentrations of 300 and 600?mg kg?1 soil, foliar application of glycine (in 0.05% concentration), soil application of mix NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer control. The growth parameters of plant height, leaf SPAD value, shoot and root fresh weights were significantly improved by soil application of glycine, particularly in higher concentration. Soil application of glycine also reduced the number of flowered plants, while it increased soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C of plant leaf extracts than control plants. Leaf nutrient concentrations of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn), but not magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn), were significantly increased by soil application of glycine, whereas soil applied NPK significantly increased P and Ca of leaves than unfertilized control plants.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Nutrient uptake and grain and straw yield of Egyptian winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Merr.) were evaluated for two site-years after the seed inoculation with two biofertilizer products, Phosphorien, containing the phosphorus (P)-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megatherium, and Nitrobien, containing a combination of nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum liposerum. Ammonium nitrate and polymer-coated urea fertilizers were applied to plots alone and together with the biofertilizers at rates of either 83 kg N ha?1 or 186 kg N ha?1 for comparison. The highest grain yield (5.76–6.74 Mg ha?1) and straw yield (11.49–13.32 Mg ha?1) occurred at the highest fertilizer rates with N fertilizer. There was a slight additional increase in grain and straw yields when a biofertilizer was applied along with N fertilizer. A slightly higher grain and straw yield was measured with the polymer-coated urea treatment than with the ammonium nitrate treatment. The biofertilizer materials were not as effective as N fertilizers in producing grain (4.02–4.09 Mg ha?1) or straw (7.71–8.11 Mg ha?1) for either year, although the Nitrobien + Phosphorien combination increased these parameters over the N-fertilizer control. The effect of the Nitrobien biofertilizer in increasing grain yields was equivalent to a urea application rate of about 13 kg N ha?1. Biofertilizer inoculations increased iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) concentrations in wheat tissue (at boot stage), but these higher levels did not influence grain or straw yield.  相似文献   

20.
The root is an important organ which supplies water and nutrients to growing plants. Data related to root growth and nutrient uptake by tropical legume cover crops are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate root growth of tropical legume cover crops and nutrient uptake and use efficiency under different phosphorus (P) levels. The P levels used were 0 (low), 100 (medium) and 200 (high) mg kg?1 of soil and 5 cover crops were evaluated. Root dry weight, maximum root length, specific root length were significantly influenced by P and cover crop treatments. Maximum values of these root growth parameters were achieved with the addition of 100 mg P kg?1 soil. The P X cover crops interaction for all the macro and micronutrients, except manganese (Mn) was significant, indicating variation in uptake pattern of these nutrients by cover crops with the variation in P rates. Overall, uptake pattern of macronutrients was in the order of nitrogen>calcium>potassium>magnesium>phosphorus (N > Ca > K > Mg > P) and micronutrient uptake pattern was in the order of iron>manganese>zinc>copper (Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu). Cover crops which produced maximum root dry weight also accumulated higher amount of nutrients, including N compared to cover crops which produced lower root dry weight. Higher uptake of N compared to other nutrients by cover crops indicated that use of cover crops in the cropping systems can reduce loss of nitrate (NO3?) from soil-plant systems. Increase in root length and root dry weight with the addition of P can improve nutrient uptake from the soil and less loss of macro and micronutrients from the soil-plant systems.  相似文献   

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