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Y. N. Song F. S. Zhang P. Marschner F. L. Fan H. M. Gao X. G. Bao J. H. Sun L. Li 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(5):565-574
In this study, we investigated crop yield and various chemical and microbiological properties in rhizosphere of wheat, maize,
and faba bean grown in the field solely and intercropped (wheat/faba bean, wheat/maize, and maize/faba bean) in the second
and third year after establishment of the cropping systems. In both years, intercropping increased crop yield, changed N and
P availability, and affected the microbiological properties in rhizosphere of the three species compared to sole cropping.
Generally, intercropping increased microbial biomass C, N, and P availability, whereas it reduced microbial biomass N in rhizosphere
of wheat. The rhizosphere bacterial community composition was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA.
In the third year of different cropping systems, intercropping significantly changed bacterial community composition in rhizosphere
compared with sole cropping, and the effects were most pronounced in the wheat/faba bean intercropping system. The effects
were less pronounced in the second year. The results show that intercropping has significant effects on microbiological and
chemical properties in the rhizosphere, which may contribute to the yield enhancement by intercropping. 相似文献
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Summary An attempt has been made to estimate quantitatively the amount of N fixed by legume and transferred to the cereal in association in intercropping systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) — gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) —cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L.) by labelling soil and fertilizer nitrogen with 15N. The intercropped legumes have been found to fix significantly higher amounts of N as compared with legumes in sole cropping if the intercropped cereal-legume received the same dose of fertilizer N as the sole cereal crop. But when half of the dose of the fertilizer N applied to sole cereal crop was received by intercropped plants, the amount of N fixed by legumes in association with cereals was significantly less than that fixed by sole legumes. Under field conditions 28% of the total N uptake by maize (21.2 kg N ha–1) was of atmospheric origin and was obtained by transfer of fixed N by cowpea grown in association with maize. Under greenhouse conditions gram and summer and monsoon season cowpea have been found to contribute 14%–20%, 16% and 32% of the total N uptake by associated wheat and summer and monsoon maize crops, respectively. Inoculation of cowpea seeds with Rhizobium increased both the amount of N fixed by cowpea and transferred to maize in intercropping system. 相似文献
4.
Abstract Soil and hydroponic experiments were carried out to examine the influences of intercropping and nitrogen supply on flavonoid exudation in wheat roots. Both experiments comprising three cropping patterns (wheat intercropped with faba bean, monocropped wheat, and monocropped faba bean) and three N supply levels (deficient, adequate, and excessive) with three replicates in a randomized complete block design. Across two experiments, intercropping increased but N fertilization decreased flavonoids of wheat roots frequently. Intercropping variably increased secretion of naringenin from 0.5 to 1.9 folds (P?<?0.5) in wheat roots at all three N levels, but rarely increased secretion of genistein and hesperetin in wheat at the deficient N level. Intercropped wheat secreted more flavonoids than monocropped wheat at its tillering (60th d) and flowering (95th d) stages; after the flowering stage, however, the differences between intercropping and monocropping were not significant at any N level. Secretion of flavonoids in wheat roots decreased with increased N supply. Interspecies and N supply altered the contents and proportions of flavonoids in wheat root exudations under wheat and faba bean intercropping. These results indicate facilitative root–root interactions and provide insight into cereal promote nodule of legume in intercropping system. 相似文献
5.
小麦/蚕豆间作体系中的氮节约效应及产量优势 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
通过田间小区试验,研究了小麦/蚕豆间作条件下作物的产量优势及不同施氮水平和种植方式中土壤硝酸盐累积。研究表明,间作可以提高作物单位面积复合产量,增产幅度在6%3～3%之间,不施氮处理间作小麦产量比单作增加达84%;间作和施氮对蚕豆产量没有显著影响。不同种植方式下土壤剖面中硝酸盐累积量趋势表现为蚕豆单作>小麦、蚕豆间作>小麦单作。不施氮、施氮量为20、406、0.kg/hm2条件下,种蚕豆的土壤硝酸盐累积量分别比种小麦的土壤增加了25.4、63.5、50.9、93.4.kg/hm2,间作降低了土壤中硝酸盐累积。小麦、蚕豆间作体系中的产量优势主要是种间氮营养生态位发生了分化,蚕豆通过固定空气氮而减少对土壤有效氮的吸收,把土壤中的有效氮节约供给与之相伴的作物小麦利用。 相似文献
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Y. N. Song P. Marschner L. Li X. G. Bao J. H. Sun F. S. Zhang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(2):307-314
Cereal/cereal and cereal/legume intercropping systems are popular in the north, northwest, and southwest of China and often
result in yield increases compared to monocropping. Rhizosphere interactions may play a significant role in the yield increases,
particularly with respect to nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intercropping
on N availability and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of wheat, maize, and faba bean
at different growth stages. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) based on 16S rRNA genes was used to analyze the
community composition of bacterial ammonia oxidizers belonging to β-proteobacteria. The results showed that intercropping
with faba bean significantly increased nitrate concentrations in the rhizosphere of wheat and maize at the second sampling
time (20 June) compared to monocropping or intercropping between maize and wheat. Intercropping significantly affected the
community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere compared to monocropping, and the effects were most
pronounced in the maize/faba bean and wheat/maize intercropping systems when faba bean and wheat were at anthesis and maize
was in seedling stage. In wheat/faba bean intercropping, the effects of intercropping on community composition of ammonia-oxidizing
bacteria were less pronounced at the seedling stage of the two species but were significant at anthesis. 相似文献
7.
施氮量和蚕豆/玉米间作对土壤无机氮时空分布的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
在田间条件下于2006—2007年研究了不同氮水平下（N 0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm2）蚕豆/玉米间作体系与其相应单作体系土壤无机氮的时空分布规律,旨在为河西走廊灌区蚕豆/玉米间作体系的氮素管理提供理论依据。用土钻法采集土壤剖面样品,CaCl2浸提,流动分析仪测定土壤无机氮的方法研究了施氮量和蚕豆/玉米种间相互作用对土壤无机氮时间和空间变化特点。结果表明:灌漠土无机氮以NO3--N为主。蚕豆和玉米无机氮含量在蚕豆收获前种植方式间均无显著性差异,蚕豆收获后至玉米收获,间作显著降低了两种作物各层无机氮含量;无机氮含量随着施氮量增加而显著增加。蚕豆收获后间作体系0—100 cm土层无机氮累积量略高于单作体系,且0—100 cm 土层无机氮累积量高于100—160 cm土层;玉米收获后,间作蚕豆和玉米土壤无机氮累积量在0—100 cm土层分别平均降低了51.7%和16.6%,在100—160 cm土层平均降低了42.1%和6.1%;与不施氮相比,施氮蚕豆和玉米无机氮累积量在0—100 cm土层分别平均增加了40.1%和81.5%,在100—160 cm土层分别增加了69.6%和40.6%;与单作体系相比,间作体系0—100 和100—160 cm土层土壤无机氮分别降低43.4%和34.1%。因此,施氮肥显著增加土壤无机氮的累积,而豆科/禾本科间作减少了土壤无机氮的残留。 相似文献
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地下部分隔对蚕豆/玉米间作氮素吸收和土壤硝态氮残留影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
利用田间试验,探讨了地下部分隔对蚕豆/玉米间作氮素吸收和土壤硝态氮残留的影响,结果表明:蚕豆/玉米间作,蚕豆不分隔条件下籽粒和秸秆吸氮量比分隔分别增加20 10%,34 43%;玉米不分隔条件下籽粒吸氮量与分隔近似,但秸秆吸氮量比分隔减少13 04%;蚕豆和玉米不分隔条件下土壤硝态氮累积量都高于分隔。蚕豆/空带间作,蚕豆不分隔籽粒吸氮量高于分隔,但土壤硝态氮累积量没有差异。空带/玉米间作,地下部分隔与否,作物吸氮量和土壤硝态氮累积量都没有差异。 相似文献
9.
Legume–cereal intercropping is increasingly being appreciated in dryland areas, where severe climatic conditions and intensive agricultural practices, generally dominated by continuous cereal cultivation, determine depletion of soil nutrient resources and decline of soil fertility. This research aimed to assess whether and to what extent a newly introduced legume-based intercropping system is able to ameliorate the biological fertility status of an arable soil in a way that is still noticeable during the succeeding durum wheat cropping season in terms of changes in bacterial community structure, soil C and N pools, and crop yield. A field experiment was carried out under rainfed conditions in Southern Italy on a sandy clay loam soil cultivated with durum wheat following in the rotation a recently established grain legume (pea, faba bean)–barley intercropping. Soil chemical, biochemical and eco-physiological variables together with compositional shifts in the bacterial community structure by LH-PCR fingerprinting were determined at four sampling times during the durum wheat cropping season. Soil fertility was estimated by using a revised version of the biological fertility index. Results showed that even though the microbial biomass was significantly altered, the preceding legume intercrops stimulated C-related functional variables thus leading to an increased release of mineral N, which was larger in crop treatments succeeding pea-based than faba bean-based intercropping. The increased N made available in soil enabled the succeeding durum wheat to achieve an adequate grain yield with a reduced N-fertilizer use. Soil type and environmental conditions rather than crop treatments were major determinants of bacterial community structure. The biological fertility status was not varied, suggesting that in intensively managed rainfed areas long-term crop rotations with intercropped legumes are needed to consistently ameliorate it. 相似文献
10.
小麦大豆间作条件下作物养分吸收利用对间作优势的贡献 总被引：36，自引：8，他引：36
采用田间小区试验和田间微区根系分隔试验 ,通过间作与相应单作成熟期氮磷钾养分吸收量和利用效率 (单位养分吸收量所能生产的干物质量 )的比较研究了小麦大豆间作中养分吸收和利用效率的变化。结果表明 ,间作作物氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量分别高出相应单作 24%～39% ,6%～27%和24%～64% ;而间作氮、磷和钾的利用效率分别比单作低5%～20%、5%～7%和 6%～32%。间作优势主要表现在养分吸收量的增加。间作大豆养分收获指数的提高使间作子粒产量优势比生物学产量优势更明显。种间根系分隔微区试验表明 ,间作作物养分利用效率的降低与两作物根系相互作用有关 相似文献
11.
不同磷水平下小麦蚕豆间作对根际有效磷及磷吸收的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】探明不同磷水平下小麦–蚕豆间作对根际有效磷含量及作物磷吸收量的影响,提高磷肥利用率。【方法】2015—2016和2016—2017两季田间试验在云南农业大学试验基地耕作红壤上进行,供试小麦品种为云麦-52,蚕豆品种为玉溪大粒豆。设施P2O5 0 (P0)、45 (P45)和90 kg/hm^2 (P90)三个水平,和单作(M,包括小麦单作MW和蚕豆单作MF)和间作(I)两种种植模式。每季在小麦分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期,蚕豆分枝期、开花期、结荚期、籽粒膨大期、收获期采取根际土样测定有效磷含量。在小麦蚕豆收获期测定单、间作小麦、蚕豆产量,并测定作物地上部磷含量。计算土地当量比(LER)来衡量间作优势,并用磷肥农学利用率来反映磷肥的吸收效率。【结果】与单作相比,在P0、P45、P90水平下,2016年间作种植显著提高了小麦籽粒产量12.5%、21.7%和17.3%,2017年间作蚕豆产量较单作分别降低了16.8%、11.7%和8.2%。三个磷水平下,小麦–蚕豆间作具有产量优势,土地当量比(LER)为0.95~1.18。与常规施磷水平(P90)下的单作相比,小麦–蚕豆间作条件下,磷肥减施1/2 (P45)并未降低小麦和蚕豆产量。间作种植对小麦根际有效磷含量无显著影响(除2016年成熟期外),但2017年,在蚕豆分枝期、开花期、结荚期,间作则分别降低蚕豆根际有效磷含量20.8%、44.5%和18%。与P90单作相比,间作P45处理几乎不会降低小麦、蚕豆根际有效磷含量。小麦、蚕豆磷吸收量主要受磷水平的调控,种植模式对小麦和蚕豆磷的吸收量及磷肥农学利用率均没有影响。【结论】在本试验条件下,小麦–蚕豆间作提高了小麦籽粒产量,降低了蚕豆产量;间作种植主要是改变了蚕豆生育前期根际有效磷含量,但对作物的磷吸收量没有影响。小麦–蚕豆间作具有减施磷肥、维持作物产量和根际土壤有效磷的潜力。 相似文献
12.
Phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties of intercropped and monocropped maize, faba bean, and white lupin in acidic soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Haigang Li Jianbo Shen Fusuo Zhang Petra Marschner Greg Cawthray Zed Rengel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(2):79-91
Little information is available on phosphorus (P) uptake and rhizosphere processes in maize (Zea mays L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) when intercropped or grown alone in acidic soil. We studied P uptake and soil pH, carboxylate concentration, and microbial
community structure in the rhizosphere of maize, faba bean, and white lupin in an acidic soil with 0–250 mg P (kg−1 soil) as KH2PO4 (KP) or FePO4 (FeP) with species grown alone or intercropped. All plant species increased the pH compared to unplanted control, particularly
faba bean. High KP supply (>100 mg P kg−1) significantly increased carboxylate concentration in the rhizosphere of maize. The carboxylate composition of the rhizosphere
soil of maize and white lupin was significantly affected by P form (KP or FeP), whereas, this was not the case for faba bean.
In maize, the carboxylate composition of the rhizosphere soil differed significantly between intercropping and monocropping.
Yield and P uptake were similar in monocropping and intercropping. Monocropped faba bean had a greater concentration of phospholipid
fatty acids in the rhizosphere than that in intercropping. Intercropping changed the microbial community structure in faba
bean but not in the other corps. The results show that P supply and P form, as well as intercropping can affect carboxylate
concentration and microbial community composition in the rhizosphere, but that the effect is plant species-specific. In contrast
to previous studies in alkaline soils, intercropping of maize with legumes did not result in increased maize growth suggesting
that the legumes did not increase P availability to maize in this acidic soil. 相似文献
13.
氮素营养对单作和间套作小麦氮素吸收、同化和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本研究通过在栗钙土上设置田间试验。研究结果表明:开花期小麦不同器官中氮的积累量随着施氮量的增加而增加,以叶片中积累的氮素量最高,其次为穗>茎>叶鞘,但当施氮量达到450kg/hm2时,单作小麦叶片和间套作小麦叶鞘、茎、穗氮的积累量减少,而且间套作小麦相同施氮量各器官的氮素积累量大于相应单作小麦各器官的氮素积累量。成熟时小麦各营养体氮积累量随着施氮量的增加而增加,颖壳+穗轴氮积累量最多,其次为茎>叶鞘>叶;成熟时籽粒氮素的吸收积累量随着施氮量的增加而增加,间套作小麦籽粒氮素的吸收积累量大于相同施氮量单作小麦氮素的吸收积累量。在同一施氮水平下,间套作小麦花前氮同化量和总氮同化量都大于相应单作小麦,而间套作小麦花后氮同化量却小于相应单作小麦;单作和间套作小麦总氮同化量与其蛋白质含量之间呈显著正相关(r分别为0.936 ,0.987 )。 相似文献
14.
小麦与玉米间作是西北干旱灌区常见的高产栽培模式,为了给小麦/玉米带田高效施肥提供科学依据,通过在干旱灌区进行的小麦/玉米带田田间试验,研究了不同施肥模式对小麦/玉米带田产量、养分吸收及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明,以有机肥与化肥配施、养分均衡供给与合理运筹为核心的优化施肥模式(施有机肥22.5 t/hm2、N 300 kg/hm2、P2O5 120 kg/hm2、K2O 120 kg/hm2,有机肥、全部磷钾肥及20%的氮肥做底肥,80%的氮肥在小麦三叶期追施10%、小麦挑旗期追施20%、玉米喇叭口期追施30%、玉米灌浆中期追施20%)促进了间作体系作物植株对氮、磷、钾等养分的吸收,相对于增量施肥模式,优化施肥模式的氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率分别提高了38.8%和36.9%,氮肥利用效率增加了14百分点,0～120 cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量减少43.9%～58.0%,小麦产量达5 358 kg/hm2,玉米产量达12 453 kg/hm2。 相似文献
15.
不同抗性小麦品种与蚕豆间作条件下的养分吸收与白粉病发生特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
不同作物品种的养分吸收存在一定差异,与其它作物间作也会对作物养分吸收以及作物病害产生影响。本文通过盆栽试验,选用6种对白粉病不同抗性的小麦品种(高抗:云麦47、云麦53;中抗:云麦42、云麦51;感病:云选11-12、93-124)与蚕豆间作,研究了间作和单作条件下小麦的氮、磷、钾养分吸收特点及小麦白粉病的发生特征。结果表明:高抗小麦品种间作生物量显著高于单作,云麦47、云麦53间作比单作生物量分别提高11.9%和6.6%;间作显著增加小麦叶片内的氮含量,以高抗品种云麦47、云麦53和感病品种云选11-12增加最为显著,平均氮含量为单作的1.20～1.25倍;间作有增加小麦灌浆和成熟期叶片磷含量的趋势,并显著增加拔节期小麦叶片内的钾含量,增幅为9.1%～22.3%;间作降低了各抗性小麦品种白粉病的发生程度,相对防效为0.76%～81.49%;灌浆期以云麦42、云麦53和93-124 3个品种的间作处理控病效果显著。 相似文献
16.
小麦蚕豆间作体系氮素吸收累积动态及其种间氮素竞争关系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
17.
Summary We studied the residual effect of 15N-labelled fertilizer N, applied to a maize-cowpea intercropping system, on the succeeding crops of maize/wheat and its balance in the crop sequence, in greenhouse and field experiments. The N uptake by succeeding crops was always higher following sole or intercropped cowpea. Under field conditions with fertilizer N applied to first-crop maize, the residual N uptake by the succeeding crop of wheat was 5.8% and after maize-cowpea intercropping it was 7.8%. 相似文献
18.
种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
田间试验采用裂区设计,研究了蚕豆、大豆和小麦在两个施氮水平下与玉米间作对作物生长和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,与单作相比,间作对蚕豆生长和养分吸收无明显影响;间作促进大豆前期生长,但在玉米旺盛生长期其生长和养分吸收受到抑制;间作对小麦生长和养分吸收有明显的促进作用。与蚕豆间作,玉米能够获得更高的产量和养分吸收量;与大豆间作,对玉米前期生长有抑制作用,但玉米旺盛生长后其生长和养分吸收有明显增加;与小麦间作,在共处期玉米生长受到强烈抑制,小麦收获后玉米生长开始逐渐恢复。蚕豆/玉米间作具有产量优势,大豆/玉米间作为产量劣势;小麦/玉米间作在低氮条件下为产量劣势,提高氮肥用量会恢复以至达到单作水平。分析认为,蚕豆和大豆生物固氮和根系分泌物活化土壤磷的特点促进了玉米的生长,小麦强的根系竞争能力抑制了玉米生长;在共处期玉米的遮荫作用会抑制大豆的生长,而小麦收获后受抑制的玉米产量有向单作水平恢复的能力。表明选择合理的作物配置能够充分利用各种资源,促进种间有益作用,提高作物产量。 相似文献
19.
Nodulation and root growth increase in lower soil layers of water‐limited faba bean intercropped with wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 Below‐ground niche complementarity in legume–cereal intercrops may improve resource use efficiency and root adaptability to environmental constraints. However, the effect of water limitation on legume rooting and nodulation patterns in intercropping is poorly understood. To advance our knowledge of mechanisms involved in water‐limitation response, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown as mono‐ and intercrops in soil‐filled plexiglass rhizoboxes under water sufficiency (80% of water‐holding capacity) and water limitation (30% of water‐holding capacity). We examined whether intercropping facilitates below‐ground niche complementarity under water limitation via interspecific root stratification coupled with modified nodulation patterns. While no significant treatment effects were measured in intercropped wheat growth parameters, water limitation induced a decrease in shoot and root biomass of monocropped wheat. Likewise, shoot biomass and height, and root length of monocropped faba bean significantly decreased under water limitation. Conversely, water limitation stimulated root biomass of intercropped faba bean in the lower soil layer (15–30 cm soil depth). Similarly, total nodule number of faba bean roots as well as nodule number in the lower soil layer increased under intercropping regardless of water availability. Under water limitation, intercropping also led to a significant increased nodule biomass (48%) in the lower soil layer as compared to monocropping. The enhanced nodulation in the lower soil layer and the associated increase in root and shoot growth provides evidence for a shift in niche occupancy when intercropped with wheat, which improves water‐limited faba bean performance. 相似文献
20.
以宁夏新垦的淡灰钙土为对象,研究了蚕豆/玉米间作系统不同施氮水平下土壤活性有机碳、氮的时空变异特征。结果表明:新垦淡灰钙土土壤微生物量碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)及可溶性有机碳、氮(SOC、SON)等活性有机碳、氮含量较低;随着施氮量的增加土壤SMBC含量显著增加;玉米收获期土壤SMBC、SMBN含量显著高于蚕豆收获期;土壤SMBC、SMBN含量空间变异为:蚕豆行间(F-F)含量最高,玉米行(M)、玉米行间(M-M)最低。与不施氮相比,施氮显著提高了蚕豆收获期土壤SOC、SON含量,而玉米收获期各施氮水平间土壤SOC和SON含量无明显差异;土壤SOC、SON的空间变异为:玉米行间>蚕豆行间、蚕豆行(F)、蚕豆与玉米行间(F-M)>玉米行。玉米收获期土壤SMBC及SMBN含量的显著增加,说明土壤微生物对矿质氮的固持对于新垦土壤肥力的提高具有重要作用。 相似文献