共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
外来入侵物种对全球生态和环境已构成重大威胁，中国已成为外来物种入侵最严重的国家之一。目前，我国外来入侵物种管理主要采取被动性防控措施，即在发现外来物种后采取监测和处理措施。外来物种主动性防控是在入侵风险预判预警的基础上，采取预先检疫、处理、消杀、拦截和灭除措施，防范外来物种入侵范围及危害进一步扩大。主动性防控借助了早期精准检测、超痕量检测以及环境DNA检测等高精度检测技术，以提高入侵物种检测和监测的精准度和效率。未来主动性防控应该成为外来入侵物种防治的重要策略之一，并且需要通过信息技术、数学模型和决策系统等前沿技术来提高其精准度和效率。外来入侵物种的主动性防控策略能够实现生物入侵的全链条精准防控，有效降低外来入侵物种对我国的威胁，最大限度地减缓外来入侵物种的传播速度，减少其带来的负面影响。因此，在全球气候变化背景下探索我国生物入侵全程的主动性防控策略，将有助于健全我国外来生物入侵防控体系，保障我国农林业生态安全和粮食安全，实现国家生物安全战略的健康快速发展。 相似文献
2.
随着全球经济一体化推进,国际国内贸易往来剧增,生物入侵问题愈加突出,国内外应加强生物安全工作。随着外来入侵物种数据的大量积累,将大数据技术运用到外来入侵物种防控工作中变得至关重要。本文将近些年国内外针对外来入侵物种防控和检测监测工作中涉及的以下3种大数据技术进行综述：1)基于PDA(personal digital assistant)、SOA(service-oriented architecture)、GIS(geographic information system)、GNSS(global navigation satellite system)等移动应用技术设计并开发的外来入侵物种大数据采集方法;2)国内外主要的外来入侵生物数据库;3)预测外来入侵物种潜在地理分布、定殖可能性以及潜在经济损失的大数据预测与分析方法。为生物入侵的早期预警和快速反应提供信息技术支持。 相似文献
3.
预防与监控外来入侵物种是保障国家粮食安全、生物安全和生态安全的重要环节。我国是受外来入侵物种侵害最严重的国家之一。近10年来, 我国以重大农业外来入侵物种为对象, 围绕“治早、治小、治了、治好”和“风险防范、关口前移、源头治理”的防控目标, 解析了10余种重大农业入侵生物入侵机制, 揭示了多种入侵病原物与宿主媒介的互作关系, 完成了120余种入侵物种精准甄别和智能监测预警技术, 构建了含130多种入侵物种的基因组数据库, 建立了20余种重要入侵物种的扩散阻截技术以及应急处置技术体系。10年间, 我国在防范和应对外来入侵物种侵害、保障农林牧渔业可持续发展、保护生物多样性方面的法规和制度保障日趋完善, 外来物种入侵防控管理水平、应对外来入侵物种防控需求的科技支撑能力以及在生物入侵领域的国际影响力显著提升。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
生物入侵防控的重要手段之一,是在外来物种入侵之前,识别出最有可能定殖扩散的潜在有害生物。基于入侵性有害生物集群的原理,聚类分析方法可以应用到生物入侵研究中。常用的聚类分析方法有自组织映射(SOM)、k均值和层次聚类法。其中,SOM已在国内外入侵生物定殖可能性的研究中得到了广泛应用。聚类分析可以进行风险排序,从而筛选出需进一步研究的潜在入侵生物。本文综述了近年聚类分析在生物入侵中的研究进展,并讨论了基础数据在风险评估中的地位。同时,围绕"大数据"时代背景,提出应用数据挖掘技术分析入侵生物数据信息的研究思路。将聚类分析与单一物种分布模型相结合,可以更有效的分析入侵生物定殖风险。 相似文献
9.
外来生物入侵是当前国际社会共同面临的严峻挑战。全球经济一体化进程加速、气候变化与农业结构调整、交通设施网络贯通、人员流动和农产品贸易加速,不可避免地加剧农业外来有害生物的跨境、跨区域扩散成灾。我国是世界上遭受生物入侵威胁和危害最为严重的国家之一,潜在入侵物种频频犯关,新发、突发入侵物种快速扩散蔓延和暴发成灾,已严重威胁我国粮食安全、生态安全、农产品贸易安全和人畜健康。加强外来物种入侵的早期预警与实时控制,将有利于提升外来入侵物种的国家管控能力。 党中央高度重视外来物种管理。十九届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》亦强调“加强外来物种管控”。外来物种管控成为《中华人民共和国生物安全法》依法处置的重要内容。为加强重大外来入侵物种防控,推进“一种一策”精准治理,农业农村部等四部门联合发布了《外来入侵物种管理办法》,进一步加强对入侵物种的早期预警与风险评估、监测与检测、阻截与灭除、联防联控等全程管理。国家重点研发计划项目“重大外来入侵物种前瞻性风险预警和实时控制关键技术研究”(编号：2021YFC2600400)项目组和“重大农业入侵生物扩张蔓延机制与高效防控技术研究”（编号：2021YFD1400200）项目组联合植物保护杂志策划推出的“外来入侵物种管理”专栏,旨在通过报道外来入侵物种管理的相关进展,促进入侵物种防控研究,加强全社会对外来入侵物种的防范意识。专栏得到了刘凤权研究员、石娟教授、许益镌教授、吴品珊研究员、何玉仙研究员、杨秀玲研究员等专家学者的大力支持。专栏涵盖了农林入侵生物的发生危害特性、早期预警与风险评估、快速检测与智能监测技术、绿色防治技术等方面。 希望通过本专栏的推出,引起国内学者对入侵物种前瞻性防控研究工作的进一步重视,加大科研工作者对入侵物种风险预判预警和实时性高效控制研究的进一步聚焦,携手推动入侵生物学的发展,为提升入侵生物防控的主动应对能力、保障国家粮食安全与生物安全提供科技支撑。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
International trade is one of the main ways by which a species can expand its geographical range. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the worldwide distribution of many pests has increased through the international circulation of crop seeds and seedlings. In this review, viruses and viroids that have invaded Japan since 2000 are described in order of their prevalence. Measures to prevent invasion by such viruses and viroids and protect agricultural production in Japan from alien pests are discussed. 相似文献
13.
外来生物入侵是导致原生物种衰竭、物种多样性减少和遗传多样性丧失的重要原因。其中,有不少外来物种主要通过船只压舱水和随船木制包装箱携带这两种方式入侵新的环境。为了明确抵达我国的外来生物与海运船舶进港次数是否有关联,本文采用了Stata 15软件,选取126个与我国有贸易往来的国家,以2007年-2017年到达我国各港口并被截获出有害生物的船舶进港次数为研究对象,先证明了截获有害生物的船舶进港次数与我国的进口贸易量呈线性正相关,再以贸易引力模型为基本模型,将船舶所属的贸易国与我国每年的人口数量、国民生产总值(GDP)、地理距离、当年的汇率、是否有共同语言、是否相邻、是否是沿海国家等因素作为变量因子,建立模型并进行相关统计分析,阐明了两国间的“汇率”因素,在一定程度上能够十分显著地负向影响由海运产生的生物入侵发生频次和入侵的风险。其结果可为今后由海运产生的生物入侵预测和管理提供参考依据。 相似文献
14.
Globalisation and increasing trade have led to the introduction of alien plants that are highly competitive and difficult to control in agriculture in central Europe. Our study set out to analyse the invasion process and agricultural impact of the six emerging alien plants Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cyperus esculentus, Datura stramonium, Panicum schinzii and Sorghum halepense in Austria, based on a large distribution data set (694 occurrence records in crop fields). We found that all study species have increased in abundance and range, especially after the year 2000. The rate of spread was highest for A. artemisiifolia and lowest for C. esculentus. At present, records of the study species were largely associated with areas of high summer crop concentration in eastern, southern and north‐western Austria. Based on the CORINE land‐cover data set, we found that the agricultural area at risk of being invaded increased over time. At present, it ranges between 45 500 and 168 000 ha (approximately 2.4% and 8.7% of the total agricultural area) depending on the species. The invasion success of the study species is probably associated with frequent human‐mediated dispersal, specific crop‐dominated rotations and herbicide use. Our results suggest that the study species will successfully spread further. We conclude that these emerging alien species will cause substantial impacts on crops in Austria and probably in other countries of central Europe. 相似文献
15.
Invasive aquatic plants in the aquarium and ornamental pond industries: a risk assessment for southern Ontario (Canada) 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 An assessment of the invasive risk associated with the establishment and dispersal of plants available in the aquarium and ornamental pond industries in the Greater Toronto area (Canada) was made. In the risk model, sales volumes of individual taxa were used as a proxy for propagule pressure, to assess pathway risk potential. Organism risk potential, the ability to become established and disperse associated with a release, was assessed using an analysis of the biological traits of the species. Discriminant correspondence analysis was used to predict which biological traits were useful in discriminating native plants from alien invasive plants and alien non‐invasive plants. Importantly, a relatively small number of biological traits appear to be useful in predicting whether an alien aquatic plant had the characteristics that would support establishment and/or dispersal in new environments. Aquatic plants distributed by the industries that are cold tolerant, able to propagate by fragments and use a number of dispersal methods are of particular concern as potential invaders. The model identified 11 alien plants in the trade that have a high risk of becoming invasive, and an additional 52 with moderately high risk. 相似文献
16.
孙志凡 《中国生物防治学报》2018,34(4):533-538
随着经济全球化的加速,外来生物入侵现象日益严重。外来入侵生物一直被认为是世界范围内对生物多样性最大威胁之一,其对全球的经济发展、生态环境及人类健康造成了巨大的危害。由于复杂独特的地貌和各种气候类型,中国的外来生物入侵问题也正在面临巨大的挑战。针对这一现状笔者浅析了我国外来生物入侵的立法概况,指出我国在外来入侵生物立法过程中存在的问题,如立法地位低、制度薄弱、立法本意的背离、对长期利益的忽视和法律责任制度不明确等。为了完善我国外来入侵生物的法律制度,本文结合外来入侵生物的国际公约和外国法律,如美国、日本等法律法规,提出相关建议,包括立法化以防止外来生物入侵;整合行政资源,建立专门机构以限制外来生物的使用;建立对外来入侵生物和应急反应机制的跟踪和监控措施。 相似文献
17.
18.
外来生物入侵已成为全球面临的生态安全与生物安全重大问题，而我国是全球遭遇外来入侵生物危害最严重的国家之一。针对目前我国外来生物入侵高发、频发的现状，充分发挥网络舆情大数据监测与分析能力，解析近年来我国外来生物入侵舆情发展、传播路径与特征，并提出应对措施和建议，为开展防控治理工作提供基础数据支撑。该文基于网络舆情大数据，采用主题抽取、热点话题识别、情感倾向分析、舆情演化分析等技术，重点梳理自2000年以来的重要网络外来生物入侵舆情事件，归纳总结舆情演变过程，分析提炼舆情特征规律；并将我国外来生物入侵网络舆情的发展大致分为萌芽阶段、发酵阶段和爆发阶段3个阶段，综合分析舆情特征，发现当前网民对外来入侵生物的态度趋于理性，参与外来入侵生物防治意愿高涨；媒体报道调性以正向为主，舆论引导力提升；监察部门积极发挥监察职能，通过公益诉讼参与外来入侵生物治理，整体舆论形势向好，已经构建了政府-媒体-公众多元治理的良性互动格局。 相似文献
19.
A prioritization process for invasive alien plant species incorporating the requirements of EU Regulation no. 1143/2014 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E. Branquart G. Brundu S. Buholzer D. Chapman P. Ehret G. Fried U. Starfinger J. van Valkenburg R. Tanner 《EPPO Bulletin》2016,46(3):603-617
When faced with a large species pool of invasive or potentially invasive alien plants, prioritization is an essential prerequisite for focusing limited resources on species which inflict high impacts, have a high rate of spread and can be cost‐effectively managed. The prioritization process as detailed within this paper is the first tool to assess species for priority for risk assessment (RA) in the European Union (EU) specifically designed to incorporate the requirements of EU Regulation no. 1143/2014. The prioritization process can be used for any plant species alien to the EU, whether currently present within the territory or absent. The purpose of the prioritization is to act as a preliminarily evaluation to determine which species have the highest priority for RA at the EU level and may eventually be proposed for inclusion in the list of invasive alien species of EU concern. The preliminary risk assessment stage (Stage 1), prioritizes species into one of four lists (EU List of Invasive Alien Plants, EU Observation List of Invasive Alien Plants, EU List of Minor Concern and the Residual List) based on their potential for spread coupled with impacts. The impacts on native species and ecosystem functions and related ecosystem services are emphasized in line with Article 4.3(c) of the Regulation. Only those species included in the EU List of Invasive Alien Plants proceed to Stage 2 where potential for further spread and establishment coupled with evaluating preventative and management actions is evaluated. The output of Stage 2 is to prioritize those species which have the highest priority for a RA at the EU level or should be considered under national measures which may involve a trade ban, cessation of cultivation, monitoring, control, containment or eradication. When considering alien plant species for the whole of the EPPO region, or for species under the Plant Health Regulation, the original EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants remains the optimum tool. 相似文献