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1.
The thyroid glands of 31 chickens at the age of 17 to 24 months were investigated. Different methods of anatomical preparation, casts of vessels and scanning electron microscopy were used. The thyroid gland of birds is a paired organ. It is located on the ventral surface of the base of the neck within the thoracic inlet. The left thyroid gland is placed more cranially than the right one. Each thyroid gland is closely connected to the common carotid artery on the medial side, from which it is supplied and to the jugular vein on the lateral side. It is a reddish-brown organ and of lenticular profile. The gland measures on average 10 mm in length, 6 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness, and is covered by a thin connective tissue capsule which holds adipose cells. It seems that each thyroid follicle is surrounded by a net of capillaries. The investigation by scanning electron microscopy proved that the follicles are oval with a pyramidal top on each end. The cuboidal epithelium cells leave impressions in the colloid. Epithelium cells carry microvilli on the follicle side surface. Described seasonal changes of the thyroid gland in size and activity were able to be confirmed by the examination of the organ in July and December. In winter the follicular cells were higher and the follicles had a greater volume. 相似文献
2.
Histologic and ultrastructural evaluation of thyroid lesions associated with hypothyroidism in dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thyroid lesions in 16 pet dogs with hypothyroidism were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Lymphocytic thyroiditis, found in seven dogs, was characterized by diffuse infiltration of the thyroid gland by lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages with formation of some lymphoid nodules and destruction of follicles, progressing to replacement of most of the thyroid by fibrous connective tissue. The basement membrane around follicles was thick and had electron-dense deposits. The morphology of the thyroid lesions and the presence of circulating thyroglobulin autoantibodies suggested that lymphocytic thyroiditis was immune-mediated. Idiopathic follicular atrophy, found in nine dogs, was characterized by loss of thyroid parenchyma and replacement by adipose connective tissue. Degeneration of individual follicular cells was present in the early stage, with exfoliation into the colloid and interfollicular area. Most of the thyroid gland consisted of adipose connective tissue with either interspersed small follicles or individual follicular cells that had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, large Golgi apparatus, and intracytoplasmic microfollicles in the advanced stage. Follicular atrophy was a degenerative lesion of follicular cells of unknown cause, not associated with inflammatory destruction in the thyroid gland. 相似文献
3.
A. K. Srivastav V. K. Das S. K. Srivastav Y. Sasayama N. Suzuki 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1998,27(6):359-364
The intention of this review is to compare studies on the morphology and histology (light and electron microscopic) of ultimobranchial glands of various groups of reptiles. Moreover, experiments (including our investigations) on suppression or stimulation of the ultimobranchial gland are included. Adult reptiles possess one (on the left side) or two ultimo-branchial glands (UBG). The UBG lie just anterior to the heart. Light as well as electron microscopically, the gland has been shown to contain follicles and cell cords (cell aggregates). The follicular epithelium is lined by simple cuboidal or pseudo-stratified columnar cells. Ciliated and goblet cells may be present in the follicular epithelia in some groups. The lumen may contain a colloid-like substance with desquamated cells or debris. The UBG of reptiles seem to be an active secretory organ with influence on calcium regulation. Other functions of calcitonin have also been suggested in reptiles for example in neurotransmission, in volume regulation, phosphate balance and promotion of bone calcification (at least in juveniles). 相似文献
4.
The remnant of ultimobranchial (UB) body in the thyroid gland of adult buffalo was studied. This remnant appeared in the form of irregular and elongated follicles of various size and shape with folded lumen. These structures occupied a peripheral location beneath the capsule, as well as being embedded mostly in the vascular connective tissue of the thyroid. Calcitonin cells were predominantly localized in the UB follicles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface of most UB follicular cells was almost flat and polyhedral or hexagonal in shape. Other follicles possessed cells with dome shaped apical surface demarcated by a shallow intercellular depression. The luminal surface of the follicular cell lining was studded with microvilli that appeared with various density and length and were numerous at the cellular borders. Interestingly, most of UB follicular cells were provided with single cilium, projecting over the cell surface. Notably some UB follicles presented various stages of apocrine activities. 相似文献
5.
R. Sayed W. Mubarak A. Ohtsuka Y. Atoji T. Murakami 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(S1):45-45
The remnant of ultimobranchial (UB) body in the thyroid gland of adult buffalo was studied. This remnant appeared in the form of irregular and elongated follicles of various size and shape with folded lumen. These structures occupied a peripheral location beneath the capsule, as well as being embedded mostly in the vascular connective tissue of the thyroid. Calcitonin cells were predominantly localized in the UB follicles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface of most UB follicular cells was almost flat and polyhedral or hexagonal in shape. Other follicles possessed cells with dome shaped apical surface demarcated by a shallow intercellular depression. The luminal surface of the follicular cell lining was studded with microvilli that appeared with various density and length and were numerous at the cellular borders. Interestingly, most of UB follicular cells were provided with single cilium, projecting over the cell surface. Notably some UB follicles presented various stages of apocrine activities. 相似文献
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7.
This study was conducted to describe in detail the ultrastructural features and morphological characteristics of camel oocytes from preantral follicles in relation to the sequential stages of follicular development and also for oocytes from antral follicles in relation to their diameter. Camel oocytes from primordial, primary, secondary and also early to late antral follicles were processed and examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Primordial follicular oocytes were characterized by a layer of flattened granulosa cells around and also eccentric nucleus and few cytoplasmic organelles in the peripheral region. Up to the secondary follicle stage, flat cells were replaced by cuboidal granulosa cells and their number increased and also an increase in the number of organelles such as vesicles, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was observed. In the early antral stage, the formation of zona pellucida, appearance of microvilli and pleomorphic mitochondria was seen and the nucleus was dislocated to the peripheral region. During final growth phase, the extent of endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles and mitochondria increased, the number of lipid droplets decreased and cumulus cell process endings (CCPE) were observed. In conclusion, the growth of camel oocyte is associated with progressive increase in the number of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and cytoplasmic vesicles as well as decrease in the number of lipid droplets and the nucleus migration from an eccentric in preantral to a peripheral location in antral follicles. 相似文献
8.
The light microscopic appearance and ultrastructure of the nasopharyngeal tonsil (tonsilla pharyngea), collected from 12 adult buffaloes of local mixed breed, were explored for the distribution of different types of epithelia, lymphoid tissue and high endothelial venules. The tonsillar mucosa was lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium having goblet cells. The respiratory epithelium associated with the underlying lymphoid tissue formed the lymphoepithelium. The epithelium was further modified into follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE) characterized by reduced epithelial height, presence of a few dome‐shaped cuboidal cells equivalent of the M‐cells and absence of goblet and ciliated cells. The lymphoid tissue was distributed in the form of isolated lymphoid cells, diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles, mainly distributed within the propria‐submucosa along with the sero‐mucous glandular tissue. The goblet cells of the respiratory epithelium and the acinar cells contained different mucopolysaccharides. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface mucosa demonstrated a dense mat of cilia, island‐like arrangement of microvillus cells, M‐cells and a few brush‐like cells. The transmission electron microscopy revealed the different cell organelles of the respiratory epithelium and the FAE. Lymphocyte migration via the high endothelial venules in the propria‐submucosa was also observed. 相似文献
9.
Shimokawa T Nakanishi I Hondo E Iwasaki T Kiso Y Makita T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(6):509-512
To accumulate histological information of cetaceans and basic information about metabolic systems of marine mammals, the thyroid gland of Risso's dolphins was examined by gross anatomical and light and electron microscopic observations. Gross anatomically, right and left lobes of the thyroid were not clearly discriminated, and no isthmus was observed. By light microscopy, irregular or oval follicular lumens were seen, and surrounded by follicular epithelial cells. By electron microscopy, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) was seen adjacently to mitochondria at the basal and lateral regions of the follicular epithelial cells. RERs at the basal side of the cells sometimes contained flocculent material with the same electron density as the follicular lumen component. Microvilli were poorly developed at the apical surface of the cells. In the apical regions of the cells, there were typical Golgi complexes, multivesicular bodies, and granules with various size and electron density. The parafollicular cells were recognized among the follicular epithelial cells and in the interstitial regions but never protruded into the follicular lumen. These cells were present singly and/or formed clusters among the follicular epithelial cells, and often located adjacent to capillaries. They were obviously discriminated from follicular epithelial cells by higher electron density of their granules. In their cytoplasm, well-developed rERs, primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, and phagosomes were recognized. 相似文献
10.
Follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland of the one-humped camel was examined by light and electron microscopy. It consisted of a single type of epithelial cell which varied from flattened to columnar in shape. Follicular epithelial cells were characterized by the presence of markedly dilated cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, well developed Golgi apparatus, abundant small vesicles (150 nm to 200 nm in diameter) in the apical cytoplasm, and electron-dense colloid droplets measuring from 250 nm to 1600 nm. Follicular epithelial cells frequently showed apocrine secretion into colloidal lumens. Apocrine protrusions with smooth surface were dome-like or balloon-like structures and contained a fine granular matrix. These findings indicate that the morphological features of the follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland of the camel are essentially similar to those of mammals except for the presence of apocrine secretion, which is unique to the camel. 相似文献
11.
Pre‐scapular, femoral and mesenteric lymph nodes from five buffalo calves and five buffalo bulls were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. The nodes were surrounded with a thin capsule of dense connective tissue and smooth muscles. Subcapsular and trabecular lymphatic sinuses were lined with endothelial cells resting on a basement membrane. The cortex was formed by lymphoid follicles and inter‐follicular lymphocytes. Primary and secondary follicles were observed. The medulla was made up of medullary cords of lymphocytes separated by lymphatic sinuses. These sinuses were lined with a discontinuous epithelium and interestingly crossed by reticular fibres. High endothelial venules were found in the paracortical area. Several lymphocytes were observed infiltrating the wall of these venules. The lymph nodes of the Egyptian water buffalo showed a typical structure compared with the majority of mammals, with no age‐related structural variation. 相似文献
12.
Wills TB Bohn AA Finch NP Harris SP Caplazi P 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(4):405-408
A 5-year-old male castrated ferret was presented to the Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of progressive hair loss and a large, rapidly growing ventral neck mass. The patient had been diagnosed previously with an insulinoma, which was managed medically. Fine-needle aspirates of the neck mass were performed. The cytologic results were most consistent with epithelial neoplasia, likely a carcinoma; thyroid origin was considered likely based on tumor location and cell morphology. The tumor grew rapidly, and the owners elected euthanasia 1 week after examination. At necropsy, a circumscribed, ovoid mass disrupted the right cervical musculature next to the right lobe of the thyroid gland. Histopathologic evaluation revealed an infiltrative mass consisting of cuboidal cells arranged in solid sheets and irregular follicles enclosing colloid. The cells were large, with prominent nucleoli, and had a high mitotic rate. The histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with thyroid follicular adenocarcinoma. Immunochemical findings confirmed thyroglobulin production by neoplastic cells, but to a lesser extent than in normal ferret thyroid tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first case of thyroid follicular adenocarcinoma to be reported in a ferret, with only 1 other case of thyroid carcinoma, a C-cell carcinoma, described previously. 相似文献
13.
Ectopic thyroid tissue was identified at the base of the tongue in a 9-year-old, euthyroid, domestic shorthair cat. The lingual submucosa and the muscles were replaced by thyroid tissue, which consisted of various-sized follicles each lined by a row of cuboidal epithelium. Many follicles contained eosinophilic, periodic acid Schiff-positive, colloid material. Imunohistochemically, the epithelial cells stained positive for AE(1)/AE(3)and thyroglobulin. No calcitonin positive cells or parathyroid tissue was seen. The cat has been followed for 1018 days after surgery, is clinically well and remains euthyroid. 相似文献
14.
Thyroids of rats treated with methimazole (MMI) were analysed histologically, immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. Thyroids of MMI-treated rats displayed greater hypertrophy and were heavier than those of control rats. Thyroids of MMI-treated rats were composed of variant or small follicles and contained more columnar cells than those of control rats. Strong staining of thyroid granules by azocarmine G was evident in the apical regions of follicular cells from MMI-treated rats. Anti-thyroglobulin positivity was detected in the apical regions of follicular epithelial cells, especially those of MMI-treated rats. After application of a post-embedding method to detect thyroglobulin, colloidal gold particles were often observed in apical vesicles of MMI-treated rats. Our study suggests that apical vesicles may serve as markers of hyperthyroidism. When the functional state of the thyroid gland is known from histological analysis, use of the Azan stain could provide useful additional information. 相似文献
15.
Impaired reproductive performance exhibited by the domestic sow during the late summer and early autumn months is referred to as seasonal infertility. This study was carried out to determine whether there are changes in ovarian morphology and follicular steroidogenesis associated with season, which may be associated with seasonal infertility. Ovaries were collected in pairs from sows sourced from two farms and slaughtered 4 days after weaning during winter and summer. The mean progesterone concentration in follicular fluid (FF) collected from small follicles was lower in summer (701.3 ± 115.54 nm) compared with winter (1235.55 ± 164.47 nm; p<0.001). The mean progesterone concentration in the FF of large follicles was also lower in summer (1469.2 ± 156.51 nm) compared with winter (2470.9 ± 169.13 nm; p<0.001). The number of large surface antral follicles (5-8 mm in diameter) on the ovaries recovered from Farm A sows was higher during summer (17.76 ± 0.56) than in winter (15.38 ± 0.54; p<0.05). Similarly, the number of small follicles (3-4 mm in diameter) on Farm A sow ovaries was higher in summer (8.46 ± 0.66) than in winter (4.63 ± 0.53; p<0.001). In contrast, the number of small follicles on the surface of ovaries recovered from Farm B sows was higher during winter (10.17 ± 1.50) than in summer (6.45 ± 1.00; p<0.01). The number of pre-ovulatory follicles (>8 mm in diameter) was also higher in winter (1.23 ± 1.68) when compared to summer (0.51 ± 0.3; p<0.001) on the ovaries of sows from Farm B. The results suggest that there are seasonal differences in follicular steroidogenesis and ovarian dynamics. These findings add support to the theory that altered follicular steroidogenesis and ovarian morphology may possibly be the mechanism behind reduced reproductive performance during the period of seasonal infertility in sows. 相似文献
16.
双峰驼卵巢的组织结构 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
应用组织学方法对双峰驼卵巢的形态结构进行了显微与亚显微观察。结果显示 ,双峰驼卵巢表面被覆单层立方至单层扁平的生殖上皮 ,无排卵窝 ,上皮下为致密结缔组织白膜 ,卵巢实质由外周的皮质和中央的髓质构成。皮质中原始卵泡和初级卵胞数量稀少 ,其分布位置更靠近皮质中层 ,偶见同一卵泡内含 2个卵母细胞。体积大小和发育阶段不同的次级卵泡与三级卵泡闭锁时 ,所发生的形态变化不一致 ,可出现实心和囊状 2种闭锁卵泡。黄体中以粒性黄体细胞占优势 ,其细胞质中含大量脂质泡而呈海绵样。卵巢髓质中除含大量血管外 ,还见卵巢网分布 相似文献
17.
Surface ultrastructural observation of the thyroid gland in donkey revealed the coexistence of certain unusual follicles or cysts, the ultimobranchial (UB) follicles, which exhibited large diameters and less regular outlines. In addition, several small follicles, cell nests or solid cellular masses were also demonstrated in association with these structures. Surface of most UB follicular cells was almost hexagonal in shape, studded with sparse or dense pleomorphic microvilli, which were much denser at the cellular borders. Each follicular cell bore single cilium that projecting over the cell surface. Interestingly, bleb-like apocrine protrusion of the apical cytoplasm of some follicular cells was frequently demonstrated. These apocrine blebs (or aposomes) were varied in shape, size and showed smooth or irregular surface. In addition to such aposomes, deep to shallow circumscribed or eroded areas of the apical cell surface was frequently demonstrated. These findings indicate that the UB follicular cells in donkeys, similar to those of camels, exhibit an apocrine activity alongside with the usual merocrine mode of secretion. 相似文献
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19.
The tubal tonsil of the horse surrounds the pharyngeal opening of the eustachian tube and is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium interspersed with areas of follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes but devoid of goblet and ciliated cells. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed microvillous cells and cells with features characteristic of M cells such as reduced microvilli or depressed bare surface, more numerous mitochondria, small vesicles and lysosomes, as well as vimentin filaments and epitopes specific for GS 1-B4 as previously seen in the nasopharyngeal tonsil. M cells were also identified in areas of respiratory epithelium not associated with lymphoid follicles and appeared to be the nasal mucosal counterparts of recently described intestinal villous M cells in the mouse. The underlying lymphoid tissue of the FAE was generally organized as solitary lymphoid follicles without germinal centres in contrast to the diffuse and large amount of organized lymphoid follicles with germinal centres that characterize the nasopharyngeal tonsil. CD8+ T and B-lymphocytes were much fewer than in the nasopharyngeal tonsil. High endothelial venules were mainly oriented towards the parafollicular area and contained much fewer endothelial pores and vesiculo-vacuolar organelles. Finally, scattered small clusters of mucus acini and striated muscles were other features that differentiated the tubal and nasopharyngeal tonsils. 相似文献
20.
A 13-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever with a 1-year history of progressive exercise intolerance was diagnosed with an interventricular mass in the heart via echocardiogram. The animal's general condition progressively declined over the next 8 months, and it was euthanatized. The intracardiac mass, which protruded into the lumen of the right ventricle, was removed at necropsy and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Histopathologic diagnosis was an ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma based on the presence of 3 distinct neoplastic tissue types. Intermixed within the tumor were neoplastic thyroid follicles containing colloid and solid nests of thyroid follicular epithelial cells, vascular channels and clefts filled with blood and lined by neoplastic endothelium, and osteoid surrounded by spindle cells and often rimmed by large multinucleated cells. Immunohistochemical reaction for thyroglobulin was positive in the tumor cells forming the colloid-filled follicles and solid nests of epithelial cells. Neoplastic endothelium was positive for factor VIII-related antigen. The thyroid gland was located in its normal anatomic position and was histologically normal, ruling out the possibility that the intracardiac tumor was a metastatic lesion. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of an intracardiac ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma, and possibly the first ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma in any location in any species. 相似文献