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1.
兽用氟喹诺酮类猪体内、外抗菌后效应初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
五种兽用氟喹喹诺酮药物在体外对猪链球菌、大肠杆菌均具有不同程度的抗菌后效应（PAE），最长者可达3．23h，且PAE受抗菌药物的种类及其浓度，细菌种类及接种量，药物与细菌的接触时间的影响。研究通过在猪的皮下埋植组织笼建立组织笼感染模型，成功的应用于沙拉沙星对猪链球菌，猪大肠杆菌的体内PAE研究。结果表明，3种浓度的沙拉沙星在体内在2种细菌均获得了较体外长得多的PAE（P＜0．01），其中对猪链球菌最长的体内PAE值达3．84h，对猪大肠杆菌最长的体内PAE值达2．87h. 相似文献
2.
兽用氟喹诺酮类的抗菌后效应、抗菌后亚抑制浓度效应、亚抑制浓度效应 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
5种兽医专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药在体外对猪链球菌、大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌均具有不同程度的PAE，最长者可达3.23h。其中对猪大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的PAE略长于对猪链球菌的PAE。各抗菌药对3种细菌同时也具有较PAE更长的抗菌后亚抑制浓度效应（PA-SME），并受诱导PAE的药物浓度、亚抑菌药物浓度（Sub-MIC)及细菌种类的影响。不定期一接种量细菌暴露于各Sub-MIC的药物中也表出现一定的亚抑制浓度效应（SME），且随Sub-MIC的增加而增加。 相似文献
3.
采用菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星在三种不同浓度下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌 (金葡球菌 )的体外抗菌后效应 (PAE)。当药物浓度为 0 .5MIC、2MIC、4MIC时 ,对大肠杆菌的PAE值为 (0 .6 4 6 4± 0 .0 2 94 )h、(1.2 0 77± 0 .0 2 84 )h、(1.6 5 2 9± 0 .0 4 96 )h ;对金葡球菌的PAE值为 (0 .5 6 6 0± 0 .0 0 75 )h、(1.174 6± 0 .0 0 5 7)h、(1.4 913± 0 .0 2 5 7)h。这表明单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金葡球菌均有不同程度的较强的PAE ,且PAE值与药物浓度呈正相关 相似文献
4.
本文研究了沙拉沙星的体外抗菌作用及诱导耐药性。结果表明:沙拉沙星抗菌谱广,尤其是对革兰氏阴性菌抗菌活性强,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)大都小于或等于1.25μg/ml,明显优于环丙沙星、头孢氨苄和新霉素,对猪链球菌的抗菌作用较弱,其MIC为1.6μg/ml;沙拉沙星对鸡大肠杆菌O78、猪大肠杆菌O138、鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-13、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1均可产生明显的抗菌后效应。细菌对沙拉沙星单步自发耐药频率低,虽然通过诱导试验可培育出耐药菌株,但对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌作用明显优于几种对照药物。 相似文献
5.
本次实验采用试管溶液二倍稀释法测得沙拉沙星对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.25μg/m L和1.0μg/m L,安普霉素对两种菌的MIC值为2.5μg/m L和0.63μg/m L。试验分别以1MIC、2MIC、4MIC并设置一组空白对照组,然后将大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌与不同浓度的抗生素短暂接触后1.5h,采用千倍稀释法清除抗生素,然后与未处理的对照组比较细菌恢复再生长时间,按公式PAE=T-C计算结果。结果显示在1MIC时,单用沙拉沙星对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的PAE分别为0.92士0.28h、1.15士0.31h,而沙拉沙星与安普霉素联合应用在1MIC对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的PAE分别为1.68士0.26h,1.45士0.25h,比较可以得出,两种药联合应用可有效延长PAE。再者,两种药联用对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在药物浓度为2MIC和4MIC的PAE分别为为2.05±0.35h、2.13±0.27h和3.47±0.32h、2.47±0.34h。可得PAE大小与药物浓度呈正相关,并推测其最佳接触时间为4h左右。 相似文献
6.
盐酸沙拉沙星的体外抗菌作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
盐酸沙拉沙星具有抗菌谱广、杀菌力强的特点。试验用盐酸沙拉沙星对 4种细菌的体外抗菌活性进行了研究。结果显示 :该药对大肠杆菌O78、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O2 均很敏感。其最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)分别为 0 0 62 5 ,0 5 ,0 1 2 5 ,0 1 2 5 μg/mL ,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为 0 0 62 5 ,0 5 ,0 1 2 5 ,0 1 2 5 μg/mL。较同类药物盐酸恩诺沙星、甲磺酸培氟沙星的抗菌作用强。结果同时显示 ,该药抗菌活性不受或少受细菌接种量及加入不同小牛血清量的影响。 相似文献
7.
氟苯尼考及其与多西环素联合的体外抗菌作用 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对氟苯尼考 (Florfenicol)及其与多西环素 (Doxycycline)联合的体外抗菌活性、杀菌动力学曲线和抗菌后效应(PAE)作了研究。结果表明 :氟苯尼考对鸡大肠杆菌等 9种标准菌株最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)为 0 .2～ 1.6 mg/L ,与氯霉素相似或略低 ,比甲砜霉素低 1/2～ 1/80 ;对耐氯霉素、甲砜霉素的鸡大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和猪大肠杆菌临床分离株仍有较强抗菌作用 ;对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌动力学曲线与甲砜霉素相似 ,表现为低浓度抑菌 (小于 4 MIC值 )、高浓度缓慢杀菌 ;对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的 PAE显著长于甲砜霉素 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,呈浓度依赖性 ,对鸡大肠杆菌的 PAE(1.4 5～ 2 .0 7h)显著长于对金黄色葡萄球菌 (0 .4 8～ 1.18h)。棋盘法测得氟苯尼考与多西环素联合对鸡大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、猪链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均为无关作用 ,对前 3种菌的部分抑菌浓度(FIC)指数值为 1.5 ,联合时的氟苯尼考 MIC值比其单独时减小了 1/2。氟苯尼考以 1∶ 2与多西环素联合时 ,对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌速率与氟苯尼考单药相比均有所增加 ,当浓度大于或等于 4 MIC时呈现出协同作用 ;对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的 PAE与单药 PAE的较大值相近 ,与相应浓度的单药相比均表现为无关作用。 相似文献
8.
本论文以高效液相色谱(HPLC)内标法为定量手段,研究了单诺沙星经静注、口服两种途径给药后在雏鸡体内的药物代谢动力学特征;以菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡球菌)的体外抗菌后效应。静注和内服给药后血药浓度-时间数据分别符合无吸收因素二室开放式模型和一级吸收一室开放式模型。静注给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2α0.3313h、t1/2β5.9940h、Vd7.5246L/kg、AUC5.6916μg/(mL·h)、CLB0.8935/(kg·h)。内服给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2Ka0.3029h、t1/2K6.5128h、tmax1.2100h、Cmax0.5159μg/mL、AUC5.1329μg/(mL·h),生物利用度为90.18%。抗菌后效应(PAE)结果如下,浓度分别为0.5MIC、2MIC、4.MIC的单诺沙星对大肠杆菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.6464±0.0294)h,(1.2077±0.0284)h,(1.6529±0.0496)h,对金葡球菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.5660±0.0075)h,(1.1746±0.0057)h,(1.4913±0.0257)h。 相似文献
9.
为比较研究水产养殖中几种常见抗菌药物对嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)的体外抗菌后效应(PAE),本研究选取5种典型的抗菌药物(恩诺沙星、盐酸多西环素、诺氟沙星、氟苯尼考以及甲砜霉素),采用常量肉汤稀释法测定它们对A.hydrophila的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并在0、1/2 MIC、1 MIC、2 MIC和4 MIC药物浓度下进行PAE诱导,再用活菌计数法测定并记录细菌生长曲线,计算PAE值。结果显示,5种抗菌药物的MIC和MBC分别为0.016和0.023μg/m L(恩诺沙星),0.250和0.500μg/m L(盐酸多西环素),0.250和0.500μg/m L(诺氟沙星),1和4μg/m L(氟苯尼考)以及2和4μg/m L(甲砜霉素);5种抗菌药物在不同浓度下均有一定的PAE,其中盐酸多西环素最长可达2.84 h。本研究结果表明,这5种抗菌药物对A.hydrophila均有相当的PAE,并且在一定范围内呈浓度依赖性。提示在治疗鱼病及临床给药时,可以考虑PAE的独有特性,延长给药间隔,科学用药。 相似文献
10.
为选择有效治疗流浪犬大肠杆菌病药物,从成都市双流爱之家动物救助中心采集流浪犬粪便进行细菌分离与鉴定,测定其对6种临床常用氟喹诺酮类(二氟沙星、诺氟沙星、沙拉沙星)和氨基糖苷类(阿米卡星、安普霉素和卡那霉素)抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,分离的267株大肠埃希菌对二氟沙星、诺氟沙星和沙拉沙星耐药率分别为56.2%、46.7%和22.1%;对阿米卡星、安普霉素和卡那霉素的耐药率分别为6.0%、6.7%和30.7%;分离菌株对沙拉沙星和阿米卡星最敏感,可优先选择沙拉沙和阿米卡星进行流浪犬大肠杆菌病防治。 相似文献
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Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
13.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献14.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献16.
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Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献19.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献