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1.
An inappropriate blood-to-anticoagulant ratio can cause an artifactual prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). In a drug safety study in dogs, we observed a 4-to 5-second increase in the APTT from baseline coincident with increased hematocrit values (56% to 65%) secondary to drug-induced vomiting and diarrhea. The PT and platelet counts were unchanged, and there was no clinical evidence of bleeding associated with venipuncture. Although we were unable to sample the same dogs to investigate the possible effect of hemoconcentration on the prolonged APTT, the question was addressed by an in vitro study. The hematocrit value for citrated blood samples collected from healthy beagle dogs was increased by the addition of aliquots of red blood cell/plasma mixtures in vitro while maintaining a 9:1 blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. There was a 2-to 4-second prolongation of the APTT associated with hematocrit values of 55% to 61 %, but the PT was not prolonged. Adjustment of the blood-to-anticoagulant ratio corrected the prolongation. This study emphasizes the important relationship of the blood-to-anticoagulant ratio when measuring coagulation tests in hemoconcentrated samples.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a bench-top coagulation analyzer for determination of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen concentration in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 55 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURES: PT, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration were determined by use of the coagulation analyzer. Values were compared with results obtained independently by a conventional laboratory. RESULTS: Correlations (with 95% confidence intervals) between the coagulation analyzer and conventional laboratory values were 0.760 (0.610 to 0.857), 0.700 (0.448 to 0.721), and 0.896 (0.878 to 0.918) for PT, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration, respectively. Using linear regression, comparison of data from the coagulation analyzer and the conventional laboratory provided equations relating the coagulation analyzer values with values from the conventional laboratory and suggested that APTT and fibrinogen values from the coagulation analyzer and conventional laboratory were approximately the same within expected random variation. Prothrombin time values for the coagulation analyzer were significantly offset from the PT values for the conventional laboratory but still were correlated reasonably well with the conventional laboratory values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: By use of the mechanical method of analysis, fibrinogen concentrations obtained with a bench-top coagulation analyzer correlated well with results for a conventional laboratory, indicating that the coagulation analyzer is a reliable instrument for determination of this coagulation variable. Coagulation analyzer results for PT and APTT correlated less strongly with those for the conventional laboratory, but they would still be considered clinically reliable.  相似文献   

3.
The effect of daily doses of 5-15 mg of methimazole on the platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists (PIVKA) clotting time in 20 hyperthyroid cats was determined. No significant (P > .05) difference was found in median platelet count. PT, APTT, or PIVKA clotting time before treatment compared to median values at 2-6 weeks or > or =7-12 weeks of methimazole treatment. No cat had a prolonged APTT at any time. At 2-6 weeks of methimazole treatment, 1 cat each developed thrombocytopenia or prolonged PIVKA clotting time despite initially normal values. Three cats had abnormal coagulation tests (prolonged PT [n = 1] and PIVKA clotting time [n = 3]) before treatment that fluctuated during treatment. Excluding the 3 cats that had abnormal PIVKA clotting time before treatment, prolonged PIVKA clotting time developed in 6% (1/17; 95% confidence interval, 0-28%) cats treated with methimazole for 2-6 weeks. Seemingly. doses of methimazole commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism in cats do not cause alteration in PT and APTT, and only rarely prolong PIVKA clotting time. Nevertheless, abnormal PIVKA clotting time may explain bleeding tendencies unassociated with thrombocytopenia in methimazole-treated hyperthyroid cats.  相似文献   

4.
The toxicity of pindone, a rabbit poison, to horses, cattle, goats, chickens, dogs and cats was investigated, using extension of prothrombin time (PT) as an index of poisoning. The daily dose of pindone, administered for 5 days, ranged from 0.3 mg/kg for dogs to 2.5 mg/kg for chickens. This range of dose rates was considered to be indicative of the worst possible case that could arise following a campaign of baiting for rabbits. Although significant elevations in PT (more than double baseline values) were noted in all species other than horses, clinical signs of anticoagulant poisoning were not observed in any of the species tested. From the observed PT, cattle and cats appeared to be the most susceptible, and horses the least susceptible, to pindone toxicity. The half-lives of the elevated PT were calculated as 3.1 days for cattle, 2.8 days for goats and chickens, 1.9 days for horses and dogs and less than one day for cats. It is proposed that these half-lives can be used as a guide for determining the duration of treatment of pindone-affected animals.  相似文献   

5.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolar ionic contrast media (CM) (diatrizoate) and low osmolar non-ionic CM (iohexol and ioxilan) on coagulation time and some blood parameters in dogs in vivo. The animals were divided into three groups in equal numbers. The dogs in groups I, II and III received diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxilan at the dose of 700 mgI/kg intravenously (IV) as a bolus, respectively. Administration of contrast media and blood samples were collected from vena cephalica antebrachii prior to CM administration and thereafter at 3, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 180 min and 24 h to measure the coagulation factors [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothorombin time (PT), fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products] and some other blood parameters [red blood cells, platelet, white blood cells, haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb)]. While a statistically significant decrease was observed on APTT at 15 min in group III, no significant differences were found in groups I and II. All the groups had insignificant alterations for PT, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product, following CM administration. Significant decreases were observed for platelet at 3 min in all groups. This decrease was also significant at 15- and 30- min intervals in group I. There were significant decreases for erythrocytes, Ht and Hb measurements within 30 min, and no significant alterations were observed for leucocytes within 60 min in all groups compared with baseline values. No differences were observed with regard to coagulation times and some blood parameters as far as long-lasting and major effects of each CM are concerned.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVES: To determine if there were significant changes in prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrinogen levels in dogs with naturally occurring congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) and to determine if there was any association between these values, serum albumin concentration, and the ability to attenuate the shunt vessel. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Thirty-nine client-owned dogs. METHODS: Medical records of 60 dogs with confirmed CPSS were retrospectively evaluated. Hemostatic profiles had been performed before surgery in 39 cases. RESULTS: Dogs with CPSS had significantly higher values for PTT (P < .001) when compared with normal dogs. Of the total number of dogs, 64.1% had a PTT greater than 16 seconds (25/39). PTT was prolonged by 25% or more in 51.3% of dogs (20/39). PT tended to be higher in dogs with CPSS (P = .036), although only 7.7% (3/39) of dogs had a PT greater than 12 seconds (the maximum reference value). Dogs with CPSS had significantly lower values for albumin and fibrinogen (P < .001). Platelet numbers were within the normal range in 87.2% of cases (34/39). Of the 5 dogs with platelet numbers outside the normal range, 3 were mildly thrombocytopenic. Fibrin degradation product concentrations were not elevated in any dogs tested (N = 22). There was no significant difference in any of the measured variables between dogs with extrahepatic shunts and those with intrahepatic shunts (P > .1). For PT, PTT, albumin, and fibrinogen, there was no significant difference between dogs that underwent total, partial, or no attenuation (P > .3). CONCLUSIONS: Dogs with CPSS have a tendency to have a prolonged PTT. There was no significant difference in hemostatic profile results between dogs with intrahepatic shunts versus extrahepatic shunts. Preoperative hemostatic profile abnormalities were not useful as predictors of ability to attenuate CPSS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prolonged PTT was not associated with bleeding tendencies in any of the dogs. Assays of individual clotting factors may help to further characterize the abnormalities present in animals with CPSS and may identify specific factor deficiencies. This might enable identification of a noninvasive diagnostic or prognostic indicator.  相似文献   

7.
Objective  To establish reference values for activated coagulation time (ACT) in normal cats and dogs, by visual assessment of clot formation using the MAX-ACTTM tube.
Subjects  We recruited 43 cats and 50 dogs for the study; 11 cats and 4 dogs were excluded from the statistical analysis because of abnormalities on clinical examination or laboratory testing including anaemia, prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), or insufficient plasma volume for comprehensive laboratory coagulation testing.
Procedure  Blood samples were collected via direct venipuncture for MAX-ACT, packed cell volume/total solids, manual platelet estimation and PT/APTT measurement. Blood (0.5 mL) was mixed gently in the MAX-ACT tube at 37°C for 30 s, then assessed for clot formation every 5 to 10 s by tipping the tube gently on its side and monitoring for magnet movement. The endpoint was defined as the magnet lodging in the clot. The technique was tested with 10 dogs by collecting two blood samples from the same needle insertion and running a MAX-ACT on each simultaneously.
Results  In normal cats the mean MAX-ACT was 66 s (range 55–85 s). In normal dogs the mean was 71 s (range 55–80 s). There was no statistical difference between the first and second samples collected from the same needle insertion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance  In both cats and dogs, a MAX-ACT result >85 s should be considered abnormal and further coagulation testing should be performed. Additionally, failure to discard the first few drops of the sample does not appear to significantly affect results.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen concentration in canine blood samples collected via an indwelling IV catheter and direct venipuncture. ANIMALS: 35 dogs admitted to an intensive care unit that required placement of an IV catheter for treatment. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected via IV catheter and direct venipuncture at the time of catheter placement and 24 hours after catheter placement. Prothrombin time, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration were measured. RESULTS: 5 dogs were excluded from the study; results were obtained for the remaining 30 dogs. Agreement (bias) for PT was -0.327 seconds (limits of agreement, -1.350 to 0.696 seconds) and 0.003 seconds (limits of agreement, -1.120 to 1.127 seconds) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. Agreement for APTT was -0.423 seconds (limits of agreement, -3.123 to 2.276 seconds) and 0.677 seconds (limits of agreement, -3.854 to 5.207 seconds) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. Agreement for fibrinogen concentration was -2.333 mg/dL (limits of agreement, -80.639 to 75.973 mg/dL) and -1.767 mg/dL (limits of agreement, -50.056 to 46.523 mg/dL) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Agreement between the 2 techniques for sample collection was clinically acceptable for PT, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration at time 0 and 24 hours. It is often difficult or undesirable to perform multiple direct venipunctures in critically ill patients. Use of samples collected via an IV catheter to monitor PT and APTT can eliminate additional venous trauma and patient discomfort and reduce the volume of blood collected from these compromised patients.  相似文献   

9.

Background

Angiostrongylus vasorum infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality in dogs. Although recognised in Ireland, there are no large series of cases reported. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify pertinent clinical and geographical features in Irish dogs.

Results

The case records of dogs presenting to the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital (1999-2010) were reviewed. A contemporaneous review of external faecal parasitology and post mortem submissions was also performed. A positive diagnosis of angiostrogylosis was identified in 49 dogs including 24 clinical, 10 post mortem and 15 external faecal sample cases. The majority (n = 44 (90%)) resided on the East Coast.In the clinical cases, the median age was 20 months, 29% of cases were older than 2 years. Clinical features included cardiorespiratory (63%), coagulopathic (71%) and other (63%) signs. Cough (n = 10), dyspnoea (n = 5) and tachypnoea (n = 3) were the most common cardiorespiratory abnormalities. Of animals with evidence of coagulopathy, excessive haemorrhage from a wound (n = 5), airway haemorrhage (n = 9), epistaxis (n = 3), haematoma (n = 4), suspected haemarthrosis (n = 3), neurological signs (n = 2) and haematuria (n = 1) were found. Ten dogs were anaemic, of which two were severe (haematocrit ≤ 0.20 L/L). Ten animals had thrombocytopenia, with four severely affected (≤50 × 109/L). PT and APTT values were prolonged in 4 (24%) of 17 and a BMBT was prolonged in 5 (63%) of 8 cases. Vague signs of exercise intolerance (n = 6), lethargy (n = 6) and weakness (n = 2) were identified, with two (8%) animals having only these signs. In one animal the diagnosis appeared to be incidental. Thoracic radiographs (n = 19) identified abnormalities in 100% of cases. Four (17%) animals died before or within 24 hours of treatment and post mortem examinations confirmed angiostrongylosis. Fenbendazole was administered in 19 cases, 18 (95%) recovered. Two animals were euthanised, one which failed to respond to therapy and another in which an ante mortem diagnosis had not been made.

Conclusions

Angiostrongylosis is not uncommon in Ireland, is not confined to young dogs or the East Coast and can present with a wide variety of signs, particularly coagulopathic, respiratory or neurological signs.  相似文献   

10.
The hemostatic function of 40 feline immunodeficiency virus (FlV) seropositive and 8 FIV and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) seropositive cats was evaluated and compared with reference values from 30 clinically healthy cats. The FIVpositive cats were divided into 3 groups: group I included asymptomatic carriers; group II comprised sick FIV-infected cats with illnesses not likely to influence the hemostatic system; and group III included FIV-positive cats with diseases potentially associated with coagulopathies. Platelet counts in FIV/FeLV-infected cats were significantly lower than in healthy cats (P < .003), whereas the differences in the 3 groups of FIV-positive cats were variable (group I, P= .009; II, P= .05; III, P= .09). Thrombocytopenia (< 145,000 platelets/μL) was present in 4 FIV-positive and 3 FIV/FeLV-positive cats. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen (0.5 and 0.25 μg/mL), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (1 and 0.6 μmol/L), and thrombin (0.4 and 0.25 IU/mL) was not significantly different from that of healthy cats. The plasma coagulation system was evaluated by measuring one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, coagulation factor assays, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP), and plasma exchange test. The OSPT was similar in FlV-seropositive cats and in the healthy control group. Cats with FIV infection, however, had markedly shorter clotting times than healthy cats when using a modified test system (P < .05). In all groups of FIV-infected cats and in those with FIV/FeLV infection, APTT measured with 2 different commercially available tests, and a modified plasma assay was markedly prolonged compared with healthy cats (APTT1 and 2:3 modification: P < .01; APTT2: P < .05 except group III). In 22 of 40 cats with FIV and in 5 of 8 cats with FIV/FeLV infection, plasma samples were beyond the reference range. The thrombin time was also significantly prolonged in cats with FIV and FIV/FeLV infection (P < .01); values in 17 of 40 FIV-positive cats were above reference range. The mean fibrinogen concentration of cats with FIV and FIV/FeLV infection was higher than in the healthy control group (P < .001). Factor VIII activity of 4 cats with FIV infection was 1.5 times higher than that of healthy cats. Factor XII activity of 3 cats from a group of 20 cats with prolonged APTT was between 20% and 35%. Factor IX and XI activities ranged between 70% and 120%. The markedly prolonged APTT in 2 FIV-positive cats could be shortened considerably in a plasma exchange test using 20% feline pooled plasma. The alterations in the coagulogram of FIV-seropositive cats were not related to a clinical stage or concurrent diseases. A definite explanation of the distinct disorder within the intrinsic plasma coagulation system in FIV-infected cats was not found.  相似文献   

11.
Four cases of megaoesophagus secondary to tiger snake envenomation are reported. History in all cases suggested megaoesophagus was not present prior to snake envenomation. Diagnosis of megaoesophagus was confirmed by thoracic radiography in all cases. One dog died of respiratory failure. The remaining three dogs recovered, with gradual resolution of clinical signs associated with megaoesophagus.  相似文献   

12.
Changes in blood coagulation parameters were followed in four red deer (Cervus elaphus) experimentally infected with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) of deer. Blood platelet counts, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated clotting time (ACT), plasma anti-thrombin III (ATIII) activity, fibrinogen degradation production (FDP) and fibrinogen levels were measured. Inoculated deer became pyrexic after 17 or 19 days. Thereafter they developed watery diarrhoea which rapidly became haemorrhagic. The course of the clinical disease ranged from four to six days before the animals were killed or died. All inoculated deer developed abnormalities in laboratory parameters of blood coagulation. These varied within and between animals, but the coagulation profiles of all four animals remained abnormal until death. Post-mortem findings included extensive systemic petechiation, severe haemorrhage in the alimentary canal and vasculitis with disseminated thrombosis. Abnormal coagulation parameters included extension of APTT and OSPT, increased FDP, decreased ATIII and platelet counts and increased fibrinogen levels. The increases in fibrinogen were compatible with the acute phase response. The other coagulation abnormalities and haemorrhage and thrombosis were indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with consumption coagulopathy, ACT remained normal in all deer although final clot quality was considered poor.  相似文献   

13.
Evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dogs with naturally occurring canine parvoviral (CPV) enteritis have laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability. DESIGN: Case-control study. Animals-9 dogs with naturally occurring CPV enteritis and 9 age-matched control dogs. PROCEDURE: Blood was collected from all dogs within 24 hours of admission for thromboelastography (TEG) and determination of activated partial thromboplastin time (aP-TT), prothrombin time (PT), antithrombin III (AT) activity, and fibrinogen concentration. Fibrin-fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) concentration, D-dimer concentration, and platelet count were obtained in dogs with CPV enteritis only. Records were reviewed for evidence of thrombosis or phlebitis. RESULTS: All 9 dogs with CPV enteritis had evidence of hypercoagulability, determined on the basis of significantly increased TEG maximum amplitude and decreased AT activity. Fibrinogen concentration was significantly higher in dogs with CPV enteritis than in control dogs. The aPTT was moderately prolonged in dogs with CPV enteritis, and FDP concentration was < 5 mg/ml in 7 of 9 dogs. No dogs had a measurable D-dimer concentration. Platelet counts were within reference range. Four of 9 dogs had clinical evidence of venous thrombosis or phlebitis associated with catheters. One dog had multifocal splenic thrombosis identified at necropsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs with CPV enteritis have a high prevalence of clinical thrombosis or phlebitis and laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability without disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Thromboelastography may help identify hypercoagulable states in dogs.  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of cats with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), including associated diseases and hemostatic abnormalities, and to identify risk factors for death and treatments that potentially altered outcome. Medical records for cats with DIC from 1990-2004 were evaluated retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were the presence of an underlying disorder associated with DIC and either postmortem examination findings of intravascular fibrin deposition or thrombosis, or both of 2 or more organs or coagulation profiles that meet 3 of 5 criteria: prolonged prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), presence of fibrin degradation products (FDP), low plasma fibrinogen (FIB) concentration, and thrombocytopenia (<160,000 platelets/microL). Signalment, historical data, clinical findings, clinicopathologic data, underlying disorders, management, and outcome were recorded. Forty-six cats fulfilled the criteria for DIC. Cats ranged in age from 7 weeks to 17 years (median, 9 years). Hemorrhage was noted in 7 of 46 cats (15%). Three of 46 cats (7%) survived, whereas 43 of 46 (93%) died or were euthanized. The most common underlying disorders were lymphoma, other forms of neoplasia, pancreatitis, and sepsis. There was no association detected between outcome and signalment; underlying disease; hemorrhage; abnormalities in aPTT, FIB, FDPs, platelet count; transfusion of blood products; and heparin therapy. However, the median PT of nonsurvivors was more prolonged than in survivors (P < .005). DIC in cats can result from a variety of neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders, and is associated with a high case fatality rate.  相似文献   

15.
SnakeMap is a national cloud-based, veterinary snakebite registry. It was designed to prospectively collect data of the clinical circumstances and temporospatial information on cases of snake envenomation in dogs and cats. We herein introduce the project and summarise the data from the first 4 years of SnakeMap. The registry is a veterinary community-based online database allowing case entry from veterinary hospitals across Australia. Registry data comprise hospital characteristics, patient characteristics, envenoming snake type, treatment and outcome variables, including time and geolocation of the snake bite. We present summative information on select key variables from the SnakeMap registry (1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019). Twenty-eight hospitals from 6 states/territories entered 624 cases into the registry, including 419 dogs (67%) and 205 cats (33%). Bite time was available in 216 animals of which 90 (42%) were reported to be bitten in the 3 hours between 03:00 pm and 05:59 pm; median bite to presentation interval was 60 (interquartile range [IQR] 30, 211) minutes in dogs and 95 (IQR 41, 238) minutes in cats. Bites occurred in the owner's yard in 356 dogs (85%) and 53 cats (26%). A snake venom detection kit was used in 172 cases (28%) and antivenom was administered in 523 cases (85%). Most animals (n = 534, 88%) survived to discharge (median hospitalisation of 25 [IQR 16, 62] hours). SnakeMap effectively collects relevant clinical data from dogs and cats with presumed snake bite and provides locally specific information on the epidemiology of snake envenomation in small animals.  相似文献   

16.
SUMMARY Snake bite was diagnosed in 125 dogs and 115 cats over 10 years. Young sporting dogs and young cats were mainly affected. More dogs (48%) were seen in contact with tiger snakes than cats (7%). One hundred and four (84%) dogs and 89 (76%) cats were bitten in the warmer months of the year (October to March). As the incidence rose in September /October, dogs were bitten on days when the temperature was near 20°C or over. The commonest presenting signs were dilated pupils and absences of pupillary light reflex. Dyspnoea, hypothermia, hindleg ataxia and glycosuria were common features in cats. Vomiting, tachypnoea, hyperthermia and complete flaccid paralysis were often seen In dogs. The overall recovery rate after administering antivenene was 90% for cats and 83% for dogs. Death from anaphylaxis as a result of giving antivenene occurred in 3 cats and one dog. Dogs treated soon after being bitten recovered more rapidly. There was no correlation between the bite-to-treatment period and the treatment-to-recovery period for cats.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate hemostatic function in critically ill dogs with clinical signs of diseases that predispose to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs (control dogs). PROCEDURE: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum concentration of fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens (FRA), and plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activity were determined for all dogs. Results from affected dogs were compared with those of control dogs. In some affected dogs, postmortem tissue specimens were examined for evidence of microvascular thrombosis. A diagnosis of DIC was made by fulfilling at least 3 of the following criteria: 1) abnormal aPTT, PT, or TCT value, 2) low plasma fibrinogen concentration, 3) low plasma AT III activity, 4) high serum FRA concentration, or 5) low platelet count. To evaluate the severity of hemostatic dysfunction, 3 arbitrary categories (mild, moderate, and severe) were proposed. RESULTS: A diagnostic strategy based on moderate hemostatic dysfunction identified DIC in 16 of 59 (27.1%) affected dogs. The AT III activity was < 70% in 15 of 16 dogs with DIC. Microvascular thrombosis was observed in tissue specimens from 7 of 8 affected dogs. Serum FRA and plasma fibrinogen concentrations did not contribute in establishing a diagnosis of DIC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A diagnosis of DIC can be made when hemostatic dysfunction is moderate in dogs with clinical signs of diseases associated with DIC.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate haemostatic function in cattle with abomasal displacement (AD) and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Ten adult cattle with left displacement of abomasum (LDA) (group I), 10 adult cattle with right displacement of abomasum with volvulus (RDA) (group II) and 10 clinically healthy adult cattle (control group) were used as material. Numbers of platelets (PLT) and coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs), fibrinogen) were measured before the surgical treatment of cattle with LDA and RDA. APTT was prolonged only in group II compared with the control and group I (p<0.05). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each cow were evaluated, two cattle in group I and three cattle in group II had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles, which reflect the occurrence of DIC. These cattle died after surgical treatment. The two cattle with LDA had abnormal APTT, FDPs and PLT values; three cattle with RDA had abnormal APTT, PT, TT, FDPs and PLT values. APTT (5 cases), FDPs (5 cases) and thrombocytopenia (5 cases) were the three most common abnormal tests on coagulation profile in the cattle with LDA and RDA. The results of the study indicate that cattle with AD had a spectrum of haemostatic dysfunction and that DIC was a significant risk factor for mortality.  相似文献   

19.
BACKGROUND: Thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism are frequent complications of feline cardiomyopathy, especially when associated with left atrial enlargement. Markers of activated coagulation may be used to evaluate the coagulation status of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in relation to left atrial size. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer, and fibrin degradation products (FDP) between clinically healthy cats and cats with HCM. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and antithrombin activity were also compared and the association between left atrial (LA) size and coagulation results in cats with HCM was evaluated. METHODS: Blood samples from 19 clinically healthy cats and 20 cats with HCM were obtained. All cats with HCM were asymptomatic and had no signs of heart failure. LA diameter and LA to proximal aortic (Ao) diameter ratio (LA:Ao) were determined by echocardiography. RESULTS: Reference intervals for D-dimer and TAT concentrations in plasma of healthy cats were established as 0.09-0.32 microg/mL and 2.0-20.0 microg/L, respectively. TAT, D-dimer, and FDP concentrations were increased in 5, 3, and 2 cats with HCM, respectively. TAT and D-dimer concentrations, and PT and aPTT were not significantly different between groups. Antithrombin activity was significantly decreased in cats with HCM (P=.03) despite marked range overlap. LA and LA:Ao were not correlated with coagulation results. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability was found in 45% of cats with HCM. Left atrial size was not associated with laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability. Association between coagulation markers and risk of thrombosis has yet to be evaluated in cats with HCM.  相似文献   

20.
Objective To determine the extent of the snake bite problem in domestic animals, its regional significance and the effects of antivenom treatment.
Design A questionnaire was designed seeking information on the number and type of domestic animals referred, whether treated or untreated, type of snakes and management of the bite.
Procedure The survey form was sent to 10% of veterinary surgeons, selected at random throughout Australia.
Results The response of 106 veterinary surgeons revealed that snake bite in domestic animals is frequent, with an estimated 6200 cases reported annually. Bites were more prominent in rural (78%) than urban areas (22%) with brown, tiger and black snakes accounting for 76%, 13% and 6% of cases, respectively. Cats and dogs were the most frequently reported victims. Ninety-one percent of cats and 75% of dogs survived following the administration of antivenom whereas 66% of cats and 31% of dogs survived without antivenom. Overall, in 33% of cases antivenom was not used, and venom detection kits were used in only 1% of cases. A number of drugs were used in various combinations with or without antivenom and intravenous fluids in the treatment of animals with snake bite, but their role in reducing the severity of envenomations was not assessed.
Clinical implications Antivenom significantly improves the chances of survival of domestic animals bitten by snakes.  相似文献   

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