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1.
In this report, we present a series of cases of thermal burns (scalds) in dogs resulting from exposure to hot water from a garden hose that had been lying in the sun. These dogs typically inhabited the southern and western regions of the USA, where the recorded high temperatures often exceed 32°C (90°F) during the warm summer months. Dogs with thermal scald injury in these cases presented with linear thermal burns along the dorsum, in addition to a variety of other macroscopic lesions that were dependent upon the degree of burn exposure and ranged from local erythema to ulcerated, necrotic and sloughing skin. Chronic, healed wounds were often alopecic, with markedly thickened skin and characteristically smooth and glassy scar tissue formation. Histologically, the lesions of thermal scald injury in these dogs were indistinguishable from any other second or third degree burn, and consisted of full-thickness dermal and epidermal necrosis with occasional fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls, vasculitis and intravascular thrombosis. Here, we closely examine 10 cases of dogs with dorsal thermal burns collected from Texas, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, Indiana, Michigan and North Carolina and propose the term 'garden hose scalding syndrome (GHS)' to describe this unique type of scald injury.  相似文献   

2.
An adequate rate of evaporative water loss is considered essential for the maintenance of thermal balance in the elephant in warm climatic conditions. Histological studies have failed to reveal the existence of sweat glands in elephant skin. Transepidermal water-loss rate has been measured and shown to be sufficiently high for possible thermal needs. The structure of elephant skin and the behaviour of elephants are seen to contribute towards maintaining skin permeability and the necessary level of transepidermal water loss,  相似文献   

3.
Twenty, mixed age merino sheep suffering moderate bushfire burns were placed under observation to monitor the effects of the damage and to determine what indicators would provide a prognosis for burnt sheep. Eight sheep died within 29 days of the fire from the effects of their burns, while one which was killed when unable to stand 45 days after the fire had a heavy internal parasite burden. The best indicators that an animal would not survive were immobility and recumbency associated with burns to the hooves and legs below the carpal and tarsal joints which caused swelling and a dry leathery appearance of the skin. Neither burns to the legs not associated with swelling, nor burns to the hooves, head and woolless areas were themselves critical; such affected sheep generally recovered without complication. It was considered that burnt sheep should be assessed daily for the first 10 days. Control of internal parasites and blowflies may be required for recovering groups of sheep. It was found that sheep which survived their burns did not become unthrifty.  相似文献   

4.
Surgical gloves were collected after 231 first opinion and referral surgical procedures performed at the University of Liverpool Small Animal Hospital. They were tested for defects by the water load test and the site of any defects was recorded; 10.2 per cent of the gloves had defects, and at least one glove became defective during 51 (22.1 per cent) of the surgical procedures. Significantly more defects occurred during orthopaedic procedures and the likelihood of a defect occurring increased with the duration of the surgical procedure. The majority (78 per cent) of the defects occurred in the gloves worn on the non-dominant hand and 64 per cent of them were in the index finger. The surgeon or assistant was aware of a glove being punctured in only 3.8 per cent of cases.  相似文献   

5.
Fungal dermatitis was diagnosed in two captive gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) and four harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) between 1992 and 1994. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Malassezia spp., and Yarrowia (Candida) lipolytica were isolated. Erythematous, thickened, alopecic skin lesions were present on the face and on the flippers, particularly around the nail bed. The two most important environmental factors associated with development of fungal dermatitis appeared to be excessive chlorination of pool water and warm water temperature.  相似文献   

6.
An iridovirus-like agent which was isolated from sheatfish fry showed to be of high virulence to those fish. 100% of sheatfish fry infected by water bath died within 8 days. The agent could be transmitted by infected fish causing 100% mortality in 11 days. Moribund fry showed spiralic swimming and exhibited hemorrhages in the skin. The infection studies demonstrate that the isolated virus was responsible for a sudden epizootic in 1988 with 100% mortality occurring in a warm water recirculating aquaculture unit in Northwest Germany, regularly controlled by the State Fish Epidemics Control Service of Lower Saxony and Fish Health Service.  相似文献   

7.
Freshwater fish are of minor importance as vectors of food-borne disease in humans. These diseases can only rarely be traced back to bacterial pathogens. However, there is a number of bacteria with facultative pathogenicity for man, which are part of the natural aquatic environment. Among these bacteria, the motile aeromonads (A. sp.) have become more and more important. A review is presented on A. sp. infections which have been traced back to contact with fish or water. Critical discussion of these cases reveals that the etiological relevance of A. sp. remains unclarified. However, bacteria of this group can be associated with sometimes fatal infections in humans after contact with fish or water. As A. sp. are ubiquitous in water and can survive even in chlorinated tap water, infections are not necessarily restricted to contact with fish. Persons at risk (patients with chronic or malignant diseases, immunocompromised hosts, children, people with frequent contact with water) should be informed about the perceived risks of aeromonads and how to avoid infection. Preventive measures are the wearing of gloves for work which may easily lead to skin abrasions (f. i. gutting of fish) and total abstinence of raw seafood. As their occurrence is independent of the common indicator bacteria, A. sp. are to be included in hygienic monitoring programmes for any water.  相似文献   

8.

Objective

To investigate the frequency, source, and risk factors of intraoperative (IO) surgeon and patient bacterial contamination during clean orthopedic surgeries, and to investigate the relationship between IO contamination and surgical site infection (SSI) in dogs.

Study Design

Prospective clinical study.

Sample Population

Client‐owned dogs undergoing stifle surgery (n = 100).

Methods

IO cultures were taken in each case from surgical foot wrap, peri‐incisional skin, surgical gloves, and the surgical team's hands. The environment (operating room [OR] lights, computers, scrub sink faucet, anesthesia gurney, and radiology table) was sampled every 5 months. Bacteria were identified and the contamination of each case was categorized. All gloves from the surgical team were collected and tested for perforations using a water infusion test. Cases were followed for at least 8 weeks to determine the presence or absence of SSI. Perioperative variables were evaluated for association with IO contamination and SSI.

Results

Bacterial isolates were yielded from 81% of procedures from 1 or more sources; 58% had positive hand cultures, 46% had positive glove cultures, 23% had positive patient skin cultures, and 12% had positive foot wrap cultures. Staphylococcus spp. was the most commonly recovered bacteria. There was no apparent association between IO contamination and SSI. The highest level of environmental contamination was associated with the scrub sink faucet, followed by the radiology table, anesthesia gurney, and OR computers. The IO glove perforation rate was 18%.

Conclusion

Clean orthopedic procedures commonly had clinically insignificant bacterial contamination. In our study, bacteria responsible for SSI did not appear to colonize the patient in the OR.  相似文献   

9.
Metabolic heat production and rectal temperature were measured in 19 newborn calves (41.8 +/- 3.7 kg) during hypothermia and recovery when four different means of assistance were provided. Hypothermia of 30 degrees C rectal temperature was induced by immersion in 18 degrees C water. Calves were rewarmed in a 20 to 25 degree C air environment where thermal assistance was provided by added thermal insulation or by supplemental heat from infrared lamps. Other calves were rewarmed by immersion in warm water (38 degrees C), with or without a 40-ml drench of 20% ethanol in water. Resting (prehypothermia) and cold-induced summit metabolism of the calves was 2.5 +/- .1 and 8.2 +/- .22 W/kg and occurred at rectal temperatures of 39.5 +/- .06 and 36.2 +/- .26 degrees C, respectively. During cooling, metabolic heat production declined at the rate of .65 W/kg per degrees C decline in rectal temperature. The time required to regain euthermia from a rectal temperature of 30 degrees C was longer for calves with added insulation and those exposed to heat lamps than for the calves in the warm water and warm water plus ethanol treatments (90 and 92 vs 59 and 63 +/- 6.4 min, respectively). During recovery, the calves rewarmed with the added insulation and heat lamps produced more heat metabolically than the calves rewarmed in warm water. Total heat production during recovery was 34.1, 31.1, 18.3, 16.9 +/- 1.07 kJ/kg for the calves with added insulation, exposed to the heat lamps, in warm water and in warm water plus an oral drench of ethanol, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
铬—铝结合改良法鞣制陈年兔皮工艺   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
在传统工艺的基础上，探讨了鞣制陈年兔皮的工艺，提出了铬—铝结合改良法。结果显示，放置７年以内的兔皮，采用该法可获得较好的鞣制效果，其关键性环节有两个：一是浸水揭里，３年兔皮以浸水５～１２小时揭里为佳，７年兔皮以浸水１２～１８小时揭里为佳；二是浸酸鞣制，多次加联合酸较一次加单一酸可获得更为满意的效果  相似文献   

11.
A multicenter, prospective study was performed to document the incidence of defective gloves postoperatively in veterinary surgery and to correlate defects with a variety of influencing factors. Gloves were collected after surgical procedures performed by the small animal clinical services at two veterinary teaching hospitals and one institution's student surgery laboratories. Gloves were evaluated for defects using electrical resistance testing. The overall incidence of glove defects was 23.3%. Significantly more defects occurred in gloves used for nonsoft-tissue procedures and in gloves worn on the nondominant hand. Eighty-four percent of all defects occurred in procedures lasting >60 minutes. No differences were detected in the brands of gloves used nor among surgeons of different experience levels. The individuals performing the surgery were not able to accurately predict the presence of a defect in their gloves. Surgeons should remain alert for possible glove defects and consider measures such as changing gloves every 60 minutes or double-gloving to minimize potential complications.  相似文献   

12.
Laser safety.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Laser safety is a critical component in any laser surgery program. When used improperly, lasers have the potential to cause severe skin burns, induce corneal opacity and cataracts, damage the retina leading to blindness, and cause chronic respiratory diseases. For these reasons, each laser user is obligated to establish and comply with a laser safety program as outlined by ANSI.  相似文献   

13.
This study investigated whether a high level of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens induced by increased litter moisture content is accompanied by negative effects on technical performance, carcass yield, and other welfare aspects. Litter moisture content was increased by systematically spraying water over the litter from 6 d of age onward (lesion-induction treatment). Results were compared with a control group kept on relatively good quality litter and having a very low prevalence of footpad lesions. Litter quality significantly decreased from 7 d of age onward in the pens with the lesion-induction treatment compared with the control pens. At 21 and 36 d of age, significantly more FPD was observed in the lesion-induction groups compared with the control groups. Technical performance of the broilers was negatively affected for the lesion-induction groups from 28 d of age onward; lesion-induction groups had significantly lower BW gain, feed intake, and water intake and significantly higher FCR compared with control groups. As a result of the lower BW gain, carcass weight was less for the lesion-induction group and significantly more rejections for commercial parts were found. The lesion-induction groups also had significantly more hock burns and breast irritations at d 21 and 36, and were dirtier but had fewer thigh scratches at d 35 compared with the control groups. In addition, locomotion was negatively affected among the lesion-induction group, as they had a higher gait score at d 36 compared with the control group. We concluded that increased litter moisture content not only caused severe FPD but also reduced broiler performance and carcass yield and had a negative effect on other welfare aspects.  相似文献   

14.
Histological examination of burn injuries in elephants revealed that the depth was not as severe as expected from clinical observation. Although the actual burn depth was deep, the thickness of elephant skin, especially the dermis, resulted in the lesions being classified as less severe than expected. Examination of skin samples from selected areas showed that most lesions were either superficial (1st degree) or superficial partial-thickness (superficial 2nd degree) burns with the occasional deep partial thickness (deep 2nd degree) wound. These lesions however, resulted in severe complications that eventually led to the death of a number of the elephants.  相似文献   

15.
北京地区3种暖季型草坪蒸散量的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用盆栽模拟大田试验方法，对北京地区3种暖季型单播草坪进行蒸散量研究，结果表明：3种草坪充分灌水条件下蒸散量高于限制灌水条件，其蒸散量顺序为狗牙根〉结缕草〉野牛草；3种暖季型草坪蒸散量随土壤含水量的增加而增加，呈正相关关系，其关系式为：狗牙根为y=1．051z＋2．523（R^2=0．914）；结缕草为：y=1.135z＋3．105（R^2=0．984）；野牛草为：y=0．801x＋2．948（R^2=0．865）。一天内蒸散量呈现单峰变化趋势，并且709，5～809／6的蒸散量时间集中在10：00-16：00。  相似文献   

16.
不同草种草坪蒸散量及各草种抗旱性的研究   总被引：47，自引：5，他引：42  
对草地早熟禾（午夜）、高羊茅（交战2号）、多年生黑麦草（百客来）、狗牙根（普通型）及结缕草（青岛结缕草）等5种常见草坪草草坪的蒸散量及各草种的抗旱性进行了对比试验研究，发现在土壤水分充足时，冷地型草草坪的蒸散量显著比暖地型草草坪的高（P＜0.01）；3种冷地型草草坪间的差异较小；狗牙根草坪的蒸散量显著比结缕草草坪的高（P＜0.01）。在水分胁迫条件下，暖地型草的抗干旱胁迫能力明显比3种冷地型草坪草的高。黑麦草与高羊茅的耗水量大，土壤含水量变幅大，土壤水吸力值高，叶片相对含水量及水热下降快，萎蔫早，保水性比草地早熟禾的差；在开始萎蔫时高羊茅根系的吸水能力更强，说明它具有更高的抗干旱胁迫能力。  相似文献   

17.
Counts of Salmonella were performed by the most probable number technique on 16 articles of abattoir equipment having direct contact with the carcase. Forty samples were collected from each article over 21 months. The contamination rate of these articles with salmonellae varied from nil % for a saw used to quarter the sides to 47.5% for stainless steel tables and hooks. Mesh gloves were also highly contaminated, salmonellae being isolated from 32.5% of gloves on the slaughter floor and 40% of those in the boning room. Salmonella counts ranged from 1.0 to 3,663 organisms per article. Mesh gloves, cutting boards and stainless steel tables were found to have counts that were at times greater than 1,000 salmonellae per article.  相似文献   

18.
青海牧区暖棚热效应分析与讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对塑料暖棚内外气温的平行观测及对比分析,青海牧区寒冷的12—翌年3月四个月棚内平均气温较外界同期平均气温明显偏高,特别表现出天气愈冷偏高趋势愈大,表现了暖棚显著的热效应。从而证明,在青海高寒牧区,建立塑料暖棚,使羊只夜间在棚内过夜,将有利于冬春季节羔羊的繁殖成活,缓解羊体膘情的严重下塌,抗寒保畜,使羊只安全越冬,是发展高寒牧区畜牧业生产的重要途径。  相似文献   

19.
The morphology of the intestine has been studied in a species of warm water fish, Tilapia spp., a hybrid teleost of notable economic importance. Light and electron microscope results show that the intestine is a relatively undifferentiated muscular tube lined with a simple columnar epithelium interspersed with goblet cells. The proximal region has a greater surface area, manifested by elongated mucosal ridges. The enterocytes are covered apically with uniform microvilli and exhibit the typical ultrastructural features of pinocytosis, namely extensive invaginations of the luminal plasma membrane and massive accumulation of vesicles in the apical cytoplasm. The distal intestine mucosa is thinner and less elaborately folded and consists of columnar cells with shorter and sparser microvilli. Their supranuclear cytoplasm contains abundant clear vacuoles. Numerous endocrine cells can also be seen. Regional cellular ultrastructural features are correlated with digestive functions.  相似文献   

20.
王园香 《草业科学》2021,38(3):480-488
研究青藏高原冷季积雪对后期暖季植被的影响和机制,有助于生态系统保护和应对全球变化适应性对策的制定。使用回归、相关和合成分析法以及1996?2013年积雪、归一化植被指数、国家环境预报中心大气再分析资料降水量融合分析降水量资料,研究了青藏高原冷季(1月?3月)积雪对后期暖季(4月?9月)植被的影响。结果表明,当高原冷季积雪异常偏多,后期暖季植被也异常偏多,这种正相关关系是通过大气环流将积雪和植被联系到一起的。当高原冷季积雪偏多,暖季东亚夏季风减弱,太平洋副热带高压加强西移并影响高原东部地区,该地暖季地面温度升高,积雪融化,土壤湿度增大,日照增加,降水量减少,前4个要素均对植被生长起促进作用。特别是积雪消融可以有效补给到土壤中,增加土壤水份,有利于植被返青及其前期生长,而降水量更是土壤水份的主要补给来源,但由于在植被生长的旺盛期,降水量往往较为充沛且能够满足植被生长的需求,同期归一化植被指数也恰好是一年中最高的,此时降水量过多可能导致植被生长受到抑制,降水量略减少反而可能会促进植被的生长。  相似文献   

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