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1.
Dr. Nabil E. El-Wakeil Abdellah S. H. Abdel-Moniem Nawal Gaafar Christa Volkmar 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2013,65(1):7-13
Orange wheat blossom midge damage can impart serious loss of quantity and quality of winter wheat. Wheat midges were evaluated in large scale field in winter wheat in Bad Lausick (Leipzig, Saxsony) central Germany. The present study aimed at studying the activity of wheat blossom midges WBM, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) and Contarinia tritici (Kirby) using pheromone, sticky traps and two types of water traps. Management of midges with different treatments was studied; Karate (pyrethroid), Biscaya (neonicotinoid) and NeemAzal T/S (botanical insecticide) were sprayed on wheat at heading stage (GS 55). Monitoring was conducted before the treatment and continued for 4 weeks after the treatment. Pheromone traps were used for forecasting midge adult population and determine the control date. Water traps were used to assess midge larvae, while midge adults were surveyed using sticky traps. A strong correlation between midge catches and weather conditions was obtained; as well a coincidence between pheromone catches and wheat midge infestation in the susceptible growth stages (GS 47–65) was recorded. Insecticide applications to fields of midge-infested winter wheat significantly reduced the wheat midge damage. There were significant differences in wheat midge numbers between treated and untreated; wheat midge numbers were lower in the treated than in control. The results proved that both Karate and Biscaya caused more mortality to wheat midges than NeemAzal T/S. 相似文献
2.
The effects of pheromone components, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Mill.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were investigated. At dosages of 2 or 0.2 mg, a binary blend containing (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16: Aid) and (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13–18:Ald) (1:1) was as effective in attracting males as a quaternary blend containing Zll-16:Ald, (E)-11-hexadecenal (Ell-16:Ald), Z13–18:Ald and (E)-13-octadecenal (E13–18:Ald), (10:1:10:1). Within the range of 20 to 2000 μg pheromone/dispenser, response of males increased positively with the pheromone dose; however, a load of 10 or 20 mg/dispenser was significantly less attractive to males than 2 mg/dispenser. The effect of aging of the dispenser in the field on trapping efficiency was significant. Captures in traps baited with 3- and 4-week-old septa were lower than those in traps baited with 1- or 2-week-old septa. The gradual loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa should be renewed within 2-3 weeks. The release rate of the pheromone was measured in a flow system and monitored with Zl1– 16:Ald only. The emission was almost constant for 18 days and then decreased gradually until the 34th day. The nonsticky IPS trap was as effective in capturing honeydew moth males as the sticky Pherocon 1C trap. The possibility of using the nonsticky, non-saturating and easy-to-handle IPS traps may lead to better and easier monitoring of honeydew moth populations. 相似文献
3.
Tina Boddum Niels Skals Marit Wirén Robert Baur Stefan Rauscher Ylva Hillbur 《Pest management science》2009,65(8):851-856
BACKGROUND: The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer, is a serious pest in crucifers. Its pheromone is a blend of (2S,9S)‐diacetoxyundecane, (2S,10S)‐diacetoxyundecane and (2S)‐acetoxyundecane. The pheromone is used in monitoring traps, and this study examines possible ways to optimise the traps. RESULTS: Two dispenser types were compared: polyethylene dispensers and cotton dispensers. Polyethylene dispensers attracted male C. nasturtii for more than 6 weeks, whereas cotton dispensers were attractive for only 2 weeks. All three pheromone components were important for attraction of male midges in the field. The importance of the stereoisomeric compositions of the pheromone compounds was also tested—both in the wind tunnel and in the field. In the case of 2,9‐diacetoxyundecane and 2‐acetoxyundecane, the non‐natural stereoisomers did not inhibit male C. nasturtii attraction, whereas one or both of the stereoisomers of 2,10‐diacetoxyundecane did. CONCLUSION: Pheromone traps with the synthetic pheromone in a 1:2:0.02 ratio emitted from PE dispensers were highly effective and long lasting. As the mixture of stereoisomers of 2,10‐diacetoxyundecane strongly inhibited attraction of male C. nasturtii while those of 2,9‐diacetoxyundecane and 2‐acetoxyundecane did not have any inhibitory effect, it is possible to produce traps that are effective and long lasting but cheaper to produce and maintain. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
4.
The effects of dispenser type, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the European vine moth,Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were investigated. LB Pherocon caps and locally manufactured septa were equally effective in attracting males to traps. Within the range of 0.1 to 100 μg pheromone/dispenser, response of males increased positively with the pheromone dose. Within the first 7 days tested, pheromone loads of 1 or 10 mg/dispenser were significantly less attractive to males than 0.1 mg/dispenser. The effect of aging of the dispenser (loaded with 1 mg pheromone) in the field on trapping efficiency was significant. Captures in traps baited with 4- and 5-week-old septa were significantly lower (by 24%) than those in traps baited with 1-week-old septa. The fairly slow loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa may be kept in traps for at least 5 weeks. The release rate of the pheromone from the Israeli dispensers (1 mg loaded) was measured in a flow system. The emission of the pheromone decreased gradually as a function of age, correlating well with the lower trap catches of field-aged septa. Release rates were reduced by 56%, 70% and 84% after 4, 5 and 6 weeks, repectively. The nonsticky IPS trap was as effective in capturing the European vine moth males as the sticky Pherocon 1C trap. The possibility of using the non-sticky, nonsaturating and easy-to-handle IPS traps may lead to better and easier monitoring of the European vine moth populations. 相似文献
5.
The effects of host-plant volatiles (HPVs) on male oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and response to sex pheromone trap were studied in a pear orchard. Two HPVs compounds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol, combined with sex pheromone of G. molesta in traps were tested. The results showed that most of the male moths were captured in the traps baited with the sex pheromone combined with these two HPVs compounds than by the pheromone alone. Also, more males were captured by the trap containing pheromone plus (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than by the one containing 1-undecanol. It appeared that these HPVs act as sex pheromone synergists to enhance the attraction of male G. molestato pheromone traps, since males were not captured in the traps baited only with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and/or 1-undecanol. 相似文献
6.
为深入了解国内暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky种群的性信息素组分及其田间引诱效果,采用气质联用技术对其雌性信息素进行了分离鉴定,利用标记-回捕技术测试了5 h内暗黑鳃金龟的扩散距离,并在此基础上测试了诱捕器颜色、离地高度、密度、单诱芯性信息素含量等对田间诱虫效果的影响。结果表明：L-异亮氨酸甲酯和（R）-（-）-芳樟醇为国内青岛种群暗黑鳃金龟雌虫性信息素的主要组分,两者含量比为7：1;暗黑鳃金龟5 h扩散距离可达400 m以上,平均扩散距离为55.9 m,扩散距离在20~60 m的个体占总虫数的77.5%;黄色诱捕器对该虫的引诱效果显著优于黑色和绿色;诱捕器离地2 m引诱到的试虫数目显著高于1、1.5、2.5和3 m;单个诱芯性信息素含量360 mg引诱效果最好,显著高于180 mg及以下浓度;诱捕器间隔20~60 m防治效果较好,结合使用成本和试虫扩散距离,间距60 m最优。 相似文献
7.
M. Kehat A. Eitam D. Blumberg E. Dunkelblum L. Anshelevich Devora Gordon 《Phytoparasitica》1992,20(2):99-106
Field tests were carried out to determine whether pheromone traps, baited with (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9,E12-14:Ac) impregnated in rubber septa (Maavit, Israel), could provide a reliable tool for monitoring the raisin moth,Cadra figulilella (Gregson), in date palm plantations. No significant differences were detected between captures of males in traps baited with 1 or 10 mg pheromone/dispenser. However, traps baited with 1 mg pheromone captured significantly more males than those baited with 0.1 mg pheromone/dispenser. No differences were found between captures of males in traps hung at a height of 8 m (near the bunches) or 2–3 m (on palm trunks). Two peaks of male capture were detected, one in May-June and the other during September-October (ripening period). Results indicate a positive relationship between captures in traps and infestation levels by larvae. Pheromone traps baited with 1 mg Z9,E12–14:Ac impregnated in rubber septa and hung on palm trunks (at a height of 2–3 m), were very useful for monitoringC. figulilella populations and for determining the accurate timing of insecticide applications. 相似文献
8.
BACKGROUND: The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. No dose response in trap catch of males was seen in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone (0.01-10.0 mg). RESULTS: The number of females caught was significantly affected by the amount of pear derived kairomone used to bait traps, with the highest catch obtained at 10 mg loading. The attractiveness of sex pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of the kairomone either when used in the same bait or in a separate bait. The mean number of males captured in traps was reduced by 44% when the pheromone and kairomone were combined at ratio of 1:1 (0.1 mg pheromone: 0.1 mg kairomone) in separate sources. CONCLUSION: Kairomone baited traps showed some potential for monitoring the flight activity of female C. pomonella in apple orchards in two locations (Canterbury and Hawke's Bay). However, the number of male moths caught was low as compared to the number of male moths caught in pheromone-baited traps, and therefore the sex pheromone should continue to be used for monitoring male activity. 相似文献
9.
The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex
pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height
and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber
septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was
significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited
with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone
trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006. 相似文献
10.
Field experiments were conducted to clarify the effective sphere of pheromone traps for capturingS. littoralis males. Most males were recaptured on the night of release and only a few were trapped on the following night. Recapture of males was not affected by the number of wild males present in the field. Percent recapture was negatively correlated with the distance of traps from the release point, decreasing markedly at distances beyond 100 m. Percent recapture was not affected by wind speeds ranging from <1 to 5 knots per hour, but was affected by wind direction. 相似文献
11.
Mark–release–recapture trials with male western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) beetles were conducted to better understand capture data of pheromone traps produced in Europe during monitoring programmes. Median recapture rate in maize fields in Hungary, Italy and Switzerland was 10%. Two types of sex pheromone trap (sticky sheet and non‐sticky container traps), placed inside or outside maize fields, showed no differences in efficiency. Logit analyses of recapture data in maize showed that at distances of <1 m fewer than 20% of beetles ended up in the traps. A beetle in a 1 ha maize field would have about a 5% chance of being caught in a trap placed in the centre of the field. 相似文献
12.
Mahob RJ Babin R ten Hoopen GM Dibog L Yede Hall DR Bilong CF 《Pest management science》2011,67(6):672-676
BACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were conducted to evaluate the attractiveness of five different pheromone blends as well as the impact of trap design on attractiveness towards cocoa mirids, Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. and Distantiella theobroma (Dist.), in Cameroon. RESULTS: A total of 361 adults of S. singularis (359 males and two females) were caught. The highest numbers of mirids were found in traps with pheromone blends that combined a monoester and a diester, compared with traps with the diester or the monoester individually and control traps with no pheromone. Rectangular traps caught significantly more mirids compared with delta traps. The mean number of 5.1 mirids trap?1 year?1 caught in rectangular traps was significantly higher compared with the 1.8 mirids trap?1 year?1 for the delta traps. CONCLUSION: The data revealed that rectangular traps containing pheromone blends combining both the monoester and the diester have a good potential to lure and trap adult males of S. singularis on cocoa farms. The pheromone blends used were specific for S. singularis, and the use of pheromone traps appears to be a promising strategy for incorporation into integrated pest management strategies for the monitoring or even the control of S. singularis in cocoa plantations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
于2015年6月在河南新郑枣园,以红色荧光粉为标记物,采用"标记-释放-回捕"法,对绿盲蝽性诱剂枣园诱捕效率及其影响因子进行了研究。在室内对实验室饲养的绿盲蝽雄成虫进行荧光染色标记,将标记好的雄成虫转移至枣园中心点进行释放,同时按照距释放点一定的距离和方位挂好性诱捕器,释放后连续7d进行回捕,回捕后进行荧光检测。结果表明,7d内绿盲蝽雄成虫的标记回捕率为7.3%;性诱剂有效诱捕半径为10~30m,最佳诱捕半径为20m。性诱剂的诱捕效率还受风向、风速、空气相对湿度等气象因子的影响,位于主导风向上风口的诱捕器,其诱捕量最大。回归分析表明,夜间平均风速与诱捕率存在极显著的线性回归关系,回归方程式为y＝0.540＋0.232x;夜间平均相对湿度与诱捕率有着显著的负相关性,两者的相互关系可用回归方程y＝1.887－0.20x表示。即在一定范围内,夜间风速越大、相对湿度越低越有利于提高绿盲蝽的诱捕效率。 相似文献
14.
Guofa Chen Qing‐He Zhang Yanjun Wang Guang‐Tian Liu Xiaoming Zhou Jingfu Niu Fredrik Schlyter 《Pest management science》2010,66(2):213-219
BACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were carried out to evaluate effective trap characteristics for maximising Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) catches in pheromone‐baited traps in China. RESULTS: Window‐slot and cross‐barrier traps had significantly higher catches than multiple‐funnel traps. The colour of window‐slot traps showed a significant effect on catches, with dark colours (black and red) being more effective than light colours, especially white and yellow. Window‐slot traps at a 1.5–2.0 m level caught more beetles than those at either ground level (0–0.5 m) or at 3.5–4.0 m. Ips duplicatus can be attracted to pheromone‐baited traps over a distance of > 100 m from the forest edge in an open grassy field. There was a strong diurnal pattern of flight activity, with catches on window‐slot traps occurring during the daytime with one broad peak at mid‐ to late afternoon. The seasonal flight activity of I. duplicatus as monitored by pheromone‐baited window‐slot traps during 2007–2008 indicated that three major flight peaks occurred in early June, late June–early July and late July respectively, suggesting the existence of a potential second generation. CONCLUSION: The optimal trap characteristics will improve the performance of pheromone‐baited traps as a critical monitoring or mass‐trapping tool to combat outbreaks of this pest species. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
Night observations on the cotton leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were conducted in pheromone-treated and untreated plots in which males, females, mating pairs on plants, and males caught in traps were collected. Results indicated that emergence of a new population was rapid (8-9 days) and that the number of virgin females and of mating pairs on plants reached a peak 5–6 days prior to that of males captured in pheromone traps. Males responded to pheromone traps most actively when the actual virgin female popution had already declined considerably. Dispensers adsorbed with(Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and located 25 m apart, effectively reduced male captures in traps. However, the number of native mating pairs observed in the treated field during the night was not reduced. Few releasers at wide spacing, even with high amounts of the major pheromonal component, were ineffective in causing mating disruption ofSpodoptera littoralis. 相似文献
16.
Abstract Biology, ecology and damage potential of the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola Coquillet, were studied at Coimbatore, India. The life cycle of the midge was shorter in summer than winter: Johnson grass, Sorghum halepense and pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum served as alternate hosts for the sorghum midge. Seasonal incidence studies revealed that four peak infestations occurred in crops sown in April, June, August and October. Midge developmental stages were quite active all through the year with no diapause, Peak adult midge attraction to the light trap was recorded at 21.00 hours. However, adult midges were found to be quite active only in the daytime in the field. There was no relationship between adult midge catches from the light trap and the population recorded in the field. Morning relative humidity and wind velocity were negatively associated with the population of midge attracted to the light trap. An increased percentage of midge population was recorded in the light trap during the new moon and second quarter phases of moon. Sticky traps were not efficient in trapping adult midges. One pair of adult midge per earhead caused 16–9% grain damage. 相似文献
17.
O. P. Gupta 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):290-291
Abstract Catches of male moths of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), in light traps and pheromone traps were compared at an experimental site at Sakha (Kafr El-Sheikh Province, Egypt) between June and November 1976. The catches in the pheromone traps were generally higher than those in the light traps, although the difference ratio varied from month to month. It was concluded that pheromone traps provided a useful ecological tool for S. littoralis in Egypt. 相似文献
18.
甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定及其田间试验 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用气相色谱仪(GC)及气质联用仪(GC-MS)等技术对我国甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定结果表明,雌蛾性信息素腺体中含有4种组分,分别为Z9,E12-14:Ac(A)、Z9-14:OH(B)、Z9-14:Ac(C)和Z9,E12-14:OH(D);田间和室内种群各组分的比例(A:B:C:D)分别为47:18:18:17和43:18:23:16,比例及滴度在两种群间未有显著差异;雄蛾田间引诱测定表明,组分A、B显示性信息素活性。几种不同配比的硅橡胶塞诱芯在田间均显示极高的诱蛾活性,以9:1的AB二元诱芯(剂量100μg)最高,其诱蛾量与黑光灯相当,两者呈显著的正相关性,表明该诱芯可替代黑光灯用于甜菜夜蛾的种群测报。利用性诱捕器进行田间种群监测显示,1999年浙江省慈溪市的甜菜夜蛾共发生6代,以第4、5代发生量最高。 相似文献
19.