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根据菊芋植物学特性和生物学特性以及多年的实践经验,总结了菊芋丰产技术,包括茬口选择、品种选择与种块处理、整地施肥、适期播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、适期收获,从而达到菊芋优质高效的生产。 相似文献
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根据菊芋植物学特性和生物学特性以及多年的实践经验,总结了菊芋丰产技术,包括茬口选择、品种选择与种块处理、整地施肥、适期播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、适期收获,从而达到菊芋优质高效的生产。 相似文献
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宁夏隆德县菊芋种植技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
菊芋俗称洋姜,为菊科向日葵属,一年生草本植物,可以药食两用。菊芋根系特别发达,抗旱、耐寒、适应性广,是保持水土和防风固沙的优良作物,适宜在宁夏南部干旱半干旱地区推广种植。隆德县经过多年的种植实践,形成了一整套成熟的菊芋种植技术。 相似文献
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菊芋,作为联合国粮农组织口中的"21世纪人畜共用作物",同样是沿海滩涂农业生产开发的"先锋作物",可以在沿海滩涂上大规模种植,并取得较高经济效益的同时,不妨碍滩涂的土壤自然脱盐过程,达到沿海滩涂边开发边利用的目的。传统菊芋栽培技术难以适应这特殊的自然环境,本文介绍了能源作物菊芋在滨海盐土上栽培的主要技术措施。 相似文献
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陕西榆林沙区菊芋资源的综合利用及发展前景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对开发野生资源菊芋系列产品进行了综述.介绍了菊芋的特征特性,探讨了菊芋资源的初级加工、深加工开发利用状况及其在榆林沙区大力发展菊芋生产的广阔前景. 相似文献
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为探讨科尔沁沙地菊芋物质积累速率和物质分配规律,通过对科尔沁沙地白皮和红皮菊芋各器官生物产量的动态监测,以期为菊芋开发利用提供依据。结果表明:白皮菊芋茎叶比呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,红皮菊芋茎叶比逐渐升高,整个生育时期红皮菊芋茎叶比均高于白皮菊芋,而根冠比白皮菊芋大于红皮;相同取样时间下,两品种菊芋叶比重、花比重和块茎比重之间均没有显著差异;物质在不同器官中积累速率并不相同,其中块茎在9月份出现后呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;除器官花外,两品种菊芋相同器官中物质分配速率也有显著差异。 相似文献
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Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a perennial tuberous plant rich in inulin and is a potential energy crop.This study was conducted in a semiarid region of the Loess Plateau to investigate variations in morphological and agronomic characteristics and yield performance of 59 Jerusalem artichoke clones collected from 24 provinces in China.The germplasm we collected exhibited variations either in qualitative or in quantitative traits. Substantial genetic variations (genotype coefficient of variation ＞20%) in the main stem diameter, main stem number per plant, branch number per main stem, tuber number per plant, tuber size, tuber yield, and top yield (i.e., aboveground biomass) were found as well. Seven clones had a tuber yield ranging between 9.1-10.6 t ha-1, 7 clones had a top yield ranging between 18.1-31.3 t ha-1, and 15clones had a total biomass yield (i.e., tuber and top weight) between 25.0-35.0 t ha-1 on an oven-dried weight basis under the drought soil and climatic condition in the semiarid region. The 59 Jerusalem artichoke clones were clustered into 8groups based on 17 quantitative traits, and indicated that the most prevalent clones planted by farmers exhibited relatively low variation. Correlation analysis was conducted on the morphology and agronomy of the clones. This investigation suggests possible genetic improvement of Jerusalem artichoke for a higher tuber yield or a top biomass yield, and as a promising application for inulin or bioenergy in semiarid regions. 相似文献
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The effecf of potassium fertilizer on Nitrate Reductase Activity(NRA),Hydrogen Peroxide Activity (HPA),Peroxidase Activity (PODA) in the fiber flax was studied on campus of NEAU in 1995 and 1996,The result showed that the changing of NRA,HPA and PODA was same in the period from the quick growth to blossom period in the different treamets.NAR and HPA was the highest in the quick growth period then cut down gradually,and PODA was just right contrary,The other side,it was obviously different to NRA,HPA and PODA in the different Potassium levels,NRA and HPA presented the highest enzyme activity in the treament of K2O 22.5kg.ha^-1,PODA in creased gradually with the increase of Potassium.PODA was the highest in the treament of K2O 67.5kg.ha^-1,But all of the Potassium treatments was higher than CK whatever NRA,HPA and PODA,Potassium may enhanced the primary stem yield and fiber percentage and lead to fiber yield rising. 相似文献
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Soil fertility depletion is among the major impediments to sustained agricultural productivity especially in the less developed countries because of limited application of fertilizers. Soil fertility maintenance requires a balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources. This study was conducted on a Vertisol in Ethiopia to determine the optimum farm yard manure （M） and nitrogen （N） application rates for maximum return under cereal-pulse-cereal rotation system. The main and interaction effects of M and N significantly affected biomass, grain and straw yields of wheat （Triticum durum） and tef （Eragrostis tear）, but the residual effect on chickpea （Cicer arietinum） was not significant. Application of 6 t M ha^-1 and 30 kg N ha^-1, gave the largest grain yield of both crops but a comparable result was obtained due to 3 t M ha^-1 and 30 kg N ha^-1. The economic analysis revealed that 6.85 t M ha^-1 and 44 kg N ha^-1 for wheat, and 4.53 t M ha^-1 and 37 kg N ha^-1 for tef were the economic optimum rates. The additional benefit obtained due to these rates was about 450 USD ha^-1. Therefore, application of the economic optimum combination of both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen is recommended for use on cereals in the cereal-legume-cereal rotation system. 相似文献
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黄淮平原麦茬直播稻分蘖发生规则及其与产量构成的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探明抗旱性水稻品种在稻－麦两熟系统中旱作条件下,分蘖发生和成穗的优势节位及其对产量的影响。【方法】以旱稻297（旱稻277）、旱稻502、宁粳16和宁粳35等抗旱品种为材料,比较研究旱作和浅水层灌溉条件下拔节前各节位分蘖的发生和成穗频率及对产量的贡献。【结果】试验观察到拔节前第2～9节位有分蘖发生,虽然发生节位和频率因品种、水旱条件和年份而异,但第3～5节位均表现出了较强的分蘖势。2006年旱稻277有效分蘖对产量的贡献达到40％以上,其余品种皆不足20％;其中,分蘖对产量的贡献主要来自第4、5、10和11节位。【结论】第3～5节位是分蘖发生的优势节位,且分蘖穗的性状较好,通过栽培措施促其早发、多发对水稻实现旱作高产具有重要意义。 相似文献
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氮肥减量施用对我国三大粮食作物产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探讨氮肥减施对我国三大粮食作物产量的影响及其与土壤性质和管理措施的关系,明确氮肥减施的可行性。【方法】收集2010—2021年公开发表的90篇论文,按照氮肥减施的比例、种植体系及其在不同条件下（肥料类型、土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、土壤酸碱度以及水分管理等）的作物产量效应进行分析。【结果】在常规施肥的基础上,氮肥减施0—40%没有显著降低水稻产量,氮肥减施0—30%没有显著影响小麦和玉米产量,但是减氮30%—40%显著降低了小麦和玉米产量,减产分别为6.1%和5.4%。不施氮肥区产量水平没有显著影响3种作物氮肥减施的产量效应。土壤全氮含量>2 g·kg-1时,氮肥减施水稻产量（6.5 t·hm-2）显著高于常规施氮产量（6.3 t·hm-2）;土壤全氮含量>1 g·kg-1时,氮肥减施小麦产量（6.9 t·hm-2）显著低于常规施氮产量（7.4 t·hm-2）;土壤全氮含量>1.5 g·kg-1时,氮肥减施玉米产量（8.8 t·hm-2）显著低于常规施氮产量（9.1 t·hm-2）。土壤有机质含量>30 g·kg-1时,氮肥减施的水稻产量（6.9 t·hm-2）显著高于常规施氮产量（6.7 t·hm-2）;在土壤有机质含量为10—20 g·kg-1以及>20 g·kg-1时,氮肥减施小麦产量（6.6 t·hm-2）显著低于常规施氮产量（6.9 t·hm-2）;一年两熟制氮肥减施玉米产量（8.9 t·hm-2）显著低于常规施氮产量（9.1 t·hm-2）。在普通肥料的基础上,氮肥减施小麦产量（6.8 t·hm-2）显著低于常规施氮产量（7.1 t·hm-2）。在旱作条件下,氮肥减施的小麦产量（5.9 t·hm-2）显著低于常规施氮产量（6.6 t·hm-2）。【结论】在常规施氮量的基础上减少30%氮肥施用量可以维持我国三大作物的产量;不同的土壤性质和管理措施,减氮后作物的产量存在一定的变异性。因此,氮肥减施需要根据土壤肥力状况的管理措施进行调整,从而实现高产高效。 相似文献
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To assess the effects of N fertilizer ammonium sulphate nitrate [(NH4)2SO4 plus NH4NO3;ASN] with the new nitrification inhibitor (NI) 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)(ASN+DMPP) on yield, nitrate accumulation, and quality of cabbage (Brassica campastrisL. ssp. pekinesis), two field trials were carried out under various soil-climatic conditions in Jinhua City and Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province of China in 2002.Results showed that DMPP could increase the mean yield by + 2.0 t ha-1 in Jinhua, +5.5 t ha-1 in Xinchang, decrease NO3--N content by -9.4% in Jinhua, -7.3% in Xinchang and improve nutritional quality by increasing vitamin C (VC), soluble sugar, K, Fe, Zn contents significantly. 相似文献
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门源青稞“3414”肥料试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过"3414"回归最优设计原理设置的青稞肥效试验结果,获得肥料效应函数方程,由此数学模型得出理论氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量,分析出本试验区的最佳施肥量为N:150.45kghm-2,P2O5:105.6kghm-2,K2O:126kghm-2,此时产量可达5328.75kghm-2。 相似文献
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Modeling the Impacts of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Croplands on Crop Yields in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
QIU Jian-jun WANG Li-gang LI Hu TANG Hua-jun LI Chang-sheng Eric Van Ranst 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(4):464-471
This study quantified the impacts of soil organic carbon （SOC） content on the grain yield of crops using a biogeochemical model （DNDC, denitrification-decomposition）. Data on climate, soil properties, and farming management regimes of cropping systems were collected from six typical agricultural zones （northeast, north, northwest, mid-south, east and southwest regions of China, respectively） and integrated into a GIS database to support the model runs. According to the model, if the initial SOC content in the cropland was increased by 1 g C kg^-1, the crop yield may be increased by 176 kg ha^-1 for maize in the northeast region, 454 kg ha^-1 for a maize-wheat rotation in the north region, 328 kg ha^-1 for maize in the northwest region, 185 kg ha^-1 for single-rice in the mid-south region, 266 kg ha^-1 for double-rice in east region, and 229 kg ha^-1 for rice and wheat rotation in southwest region. There is a great potential for enhancing the crop yield by improving the SOC content in each region of China. 相似文献
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中国甘蔗主产区产量差及影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】对中国甘蔗主产区的产量潜力与产量差现状进行研究,进而分析讨论产量的主要影响因素及消减产量差的潜力,以期为中国甘蔗增产增效提供参考依据。【方法】基于统计数据和文献数据收集,从国家统计局获得1999—2018年各省（自治区、直辖市）及国家的甘蔗产量及种植面积数据147条;从数据库中国知网和Web of Science对1980—2019年发表的关于中国甘蔗主产区的下种量、施肥量、品种及对应产量的国内外期刊与硕、博士论文等进行检索,排除异常数据后,共获文献93篇,其中广西54篇,云南14篇,广东25篇。以不同产区试验产量数据前5%的平均值为产量潜力,以统计数据平均值为农户产量,以此计算各产区的产量差;进一步分析产量与施肥量、下种量及甘蔗品种的关系,得出各产区的推荐施肥量、下种量及高产品种,并讨论了优化施肥量、下种量和品种消减产量差的潜力。【结果】广西、云南、广东是中国三大甘蔗主产区,产量潜力分别为137.1、147.2、145.8 t·hm-2,农户平均产量分别为74.2、62.0、78.3 t·hm-2,分别实现产量潜力的 54.1%、42.1%和53.7%。施肥量、下种量和品种是影响甘蔗产量的主要因素,并仍有较大的优化空间。为提高甘蔗产量,广西产区推荐施肥量270 kg N·hm-2、99 kg P2O5·hm-2、208 kg K2O·hm-2,云南产区推荐施肥量228 kg N·hm-2、117 kg P2O5·hm-2、281 kg K2O·hm-2,广东产区推荐施肥量240 kg N·hm-2、71 kg P2O5·hm-2、193 kg K2O·hm-2;广西、云南、广东推荐下种量分别为8×104—10×104、10×104—12×104、8×104—10×104芽/hm2;三大产区高产品种分别是桂辐系列、桂糖系列和粤糖系列。【结论】广西、云南、广东三大产区甘蔗的增产潜力分别为62.9、85.2、67.5 t·hm-2;优化施肥可使广西、云南、广东分别增产16.9、28.4、25.3 t·hm-2,优化下种量可分别增产23.6、27.9、22.1 t·hm-2,优化品种可分别增产26.8、42.4、15.1 t·hm-2。 相似文献