共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
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储藏农副产品中的真扇毛螨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沈兆鹏 《粮油仓储科技通讯》2001,(6):38-41
在粮食仓库里有粉螨危害，一般会有粉螨的天敌存在。在捕食粉螨的天敌中，以辐螨亚目Actinedida，肉食螨科Cheyletidae螨类最具代表性，可用于生物防治。 相似文献
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贵州东部地区茶园土壤甲螨种类调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了贵州东部地区茶园土壤甲螨111种，分属38科。以奥甲螨科、单翼甲螨科、盲甲螨科、菌甲螨科、上罗甲螨科等为茶园土壤甲螨优势类群，新小奥甲螨、卵角单翼甲螨、棒菌甲螨等为茶园土壤甲螨类动物常见种类。 相似文献
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茶黄螨，又叫侧多食跗线螨，属蛛形纲蜱螨目跗线螨科，虫体很小，肉眼很不容易发现。茶黄螨食性杂、寄主广，可为害30多个科的70多种植物，成螨、幼螨均能为害，主要为害茄子、辣椒、番茄、马铃薯、黄瓜、西瓜、豆类等多种蔬菜及经济作物。 相似文献
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无气门目Astigmata螨类（即粉螨）对人能产主哮喘和皮炎，并能危害储藏的粮食。在经济上和医学上，粉螨均具有其重要性。在粮库中，最重要的粉螨是：粗脚粉螨AcarusSiro、腐食酪螨TyrophagusPutrescenti-ae、家食甜螨Glycyphagusdomesticus。在家庭中，最重要的螨类是屡尘螨Der－matopagoidesfarinae。在储粮中用化学方法消灭螨类是一个难题，鉴于这个原因，意大利对应用新的和传统的防治螨类的方法进行评价。这些防治方法所用的防治物质对哺乳动物必须是低毒的，并允许使用到粮库和家庭中。这些化学物质是：3种除虫菊酯，16种精油（香精… 相似文献
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1．杀螨剂：是专门用来防治植食性螨类的药剂，只对螨类有效，而对害虫无效。危害蔬菜的害螨有：朱砂叶螨、截形叶螨、二斑叶螨等三种叶螨，主要危害瓜类、茄果类、豆类等蔬菜；豆叶螨主要危害豆类；神泽氏叶螨主要危害茄子、辣椒、豆类、丝瓜等；侧多食跗线螨（茶黄螨）主要危害茄果类、瓜类、豆类、芹菜、白菜等；土耳其斯坦叶蝎主要危害豆类、马铃薯、茄子、萝卜等；番茄瘿螨主要危害茄果类蔬菜；刺足根螨主要危害韭菜、韭黄、葱类、百合等；腐嗜酪螨危害保护地的瓜类、茄果类蔬菜。成螨和若螨均可造成为害，多在植株叶背（下部）、嫩芽、嫩叶、幼果、花朵或根部为害。受害植株叶片褪绿为黄白色斑点，重脱落或叶片向背面卷曲（易被误认为病毒病），或落花落果、果实开裂（茄子），甚至会造成植株枯死。 相似文献
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麦岩螨种群密度效应及防治指标的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究结果表明：麦岩螨种群密度与其寿命、繁殖、迁逃等关系密切，随着种群密度的增加，麦岩螨卵的孵化率降低，初孵幼螨死亡率增加，雌成螨繁殖力下降，寿命缩短，扩散迁逃率增加，其危害密度为每株小麦２０￣４０头及其以下。防治指标为：返青期百茎螨量１４００头，危害指数为１％；拔节期百茎螨量６７００头，危害指数为６．５％。 相似文献
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用３．３ｇ／ｍ＾３的磷化铝测量，塑料薄膜５面密闭缓释熏蒸包装小麦，保持有效杀螨浓度时间长，ＣＴ值大，完全消灭小麦中的跗蠊螨Ｂ．ｔａｒｓａｌｉｓ（Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ），马六甲肉食螨Ｃ．ｍａｌａｃｃｅｎｓｉｓ Ｏｕｄｅｍａｎｓ，特氏肉食螨Ｃ．ｔｒｏｕｅｓｓａｒｔｉ Ｏｕｄ．，以及人为埋入粮堆供试的热带食酪螨Ｔ．ｔｒｏｐｉｃｕｓ Ｒｏｂｅｒｓｔｏｍ，害嗜鳞螨Ｌ．ｄｅｓｔｒｃｔｏｒ，棉兰皱皮螨Ｓ．ｍｅｄａｎｅ 相似文献
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磷化铝间歇熏蒸防治鱼粉螨类的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究介绍了饲料鱼粉螨类的有效防治方法．采用11．5g／m2的磷化铝片剂，分两次间歇熏蒸大量孳生螨类和昆虫的棉纱布袋和编织袋包装的鱼粉，达到了有效杀灭鱼粉中大量孳生的粉尘螨、跗蠊螨、齿蠊螨、河野脂螨、食根嗜木螨、马六甲肉食螨、转开肉食螨、特氏肉食螨等8种螨类和烟草甲、白腹皮蠹、拟白腹皮蠹、赤颈郭公虫、赤足郭公虫、黑菌虫的效果。 相似文献
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The photoperiod‐insensitive barley mutant ‘Atsel’, carrying the recessive gene ea7, was studied together with the donor variety ‘Atlas’ (wild‐type, Ea7) under different daylengths with the aim of analysing pleiotropic effects. Grown under long and short photoperiods ‘Atsel’ flowered about 10 days and 34 days, respectively, earlier than ‘Atlas’. The significantly shorter life‐cycle of the photoperiod‐insensitive mutant resulted in several changes of plant morphology. Tillering, plant height, number of leaves and number of internodes were reduced. A lower number of florets per main spike was observed for ‘Atsel’, but only in the long photoperiod experiment. Finally, photoperiod insensitivity combined with a lower grain yield per plant was most pronounced under long‐day treatment. The data are comparable with results obtained from single chromosome recombinant lines of wheat that have differences in their photoperiod response caused by the genes Ppd1 or Ppd2. 相似文献
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以光周期处理与分期播种试验综合鉴定大豆品种的光温反应 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
设置短日照(12 h)和长日照(16 h)两种光周期处理,并以春播模拟低温、夏播模拟高温条件,形成长日+低温、长日+高温、短日+低温、短日+高温4种光温组合。2007年对近年育成的10个北方春大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]品种(系)和18个黄淮海夏大豆品种(系)进行了光温反应特性鉴定。2008年对50份材料进行了光周期反应鉴定。结果表明,不论在低温(春播)还是高温(夏播)条件下,短日照均加快大豆的发育进程,导致开花提前;不论在长日照还是短日照条件下,高温均减少出苗至初花的日数。光周期和温度对大豆的发育存在明显的互作,随着温度的升高,短日照促进大豆发育的效应有所加强;随着日照的缩短,高温加快发育的作用也有所增大。供试大豆品种生态类型在光周期反应敏感度(PRS)、温度反应敏感度(TRS)及光温综合反应敏感度(PTCRS)等方面均存在显著差异。北方春大豆品种的上述3个指标均小于黄淮海夏大豆品种,但前者在不同光照条件下的温度反应敏感度差值和在不同温度条件下的光周期反应敏感度差值均较后者高,说明北方春大豆品种光温互作效应较强。 相似文献
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S. N. Nigam R. C. Nageswara Rao J. C. Wynne 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,181(2):117-124
Effects of temperature × photoperiod interaction on vegetative and reproductive growth were examined in three selected groundnut genotypes by growing them in controlled-environment growth chambers with three temperature regimes (22/18, 26/22, and 30/26°C, day/night) under long (12 h, long day), and short (9 h, short day) photoperiods. The effect of photoperiod on the total dry-matter production (TDM) was significant with the genotypes producing 32–72% greater dry matter under LD than SD. Temperature × genotype interaction effects were significant, with the dry-matter production being greatest at 26/22°C and least at 30/26°C and 22/18°C in two of the three genotypes. Leaf area (LA) was greater under LD than SD at all temperature regimes. LA accounted for 76% of the variation in shoot + root dry weight (R2= 0.76, P < 0.01). A lack of relationship between LA and pod weight or pod numbers suggested that the pod development is controlled by factors other than carbon assimilation. The temperature × photoperiod interaction was significant for root growth, with the root weight being maximal and photoperiod effects being minimal at 22/18°C, while at 26/22°C, root weight declined and photoperiod effects became prominent. Low temperature (22/18°C) affected the reproductive development by reducing the proportion of reproductive nodes in total (vegetative + reproductive) nodes. The conversion of pegs into pods, as indicated by pod to peg ratio (PPR), was lower in LD than in SD conditions. Results suggested that the PPR could be used as an indicator of genotypic sensitivity to photoperiod in groundnut. 相似文献
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桃叶片抗氧化系统对光照长度诱导休眠的响应效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨不同光周期诱导下桃树的休眠进程改变情况以及抗氧化保护酶系统的变化情况,以设施桃专用品种‘春捷’为试材,研究了光周期诱导树体进入休眠的过程中,叶片的抗氧化酶保护系统对不同光照长度的响应情况。结果表明：不同光照长度对休眠的诱导作用不同,短日照具有显著的诱导休眠效果,而长日照起着延迟作用。处理期内,叶片中抗氧化保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性均呈单峰曲线变化,最高峰出现在进入休眠诱导期前7天左右,长日照不同程度地降低了3种酶的活性,而短日照则激发了三者的活性,表明SOD、POD和CAT的活性与休眠进程相关,敏感响应期约在进入休眠诱导期的前1周。MDA含量随光周期诱导休眠时间的延长而持续增加,长日照降低了MDA含量,短日照使MDA含量增加,表明长日照下叶肉细胞的过氧化程度较低,而短日照下则相反。 相似文献
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Summary Although common blight disease is serious in many dry bean production areas, there is only limited information on the influence of photoperiod on the disease. Experiments were conducted in growth chambers and in the field (Nebraska, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico) to investigate the influence of photoperiod × temperature and photoperiod, respectively, on the reaction of cultivars/lines to the causal bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. A split-plot design was used in all experiments except in the DR experiment where cultivars/lines were replicated within each photoperiod treatment. The disease reactions were more severe on cultivars/lines under short photoperiod and under higher temperature than under longer photoperiod and lower temperature in the growth chamber. Disease reactions were also more severe under the short photoperiod in the field experiments. No interactions were detected among these factors. These results have important implications for plant breeders in the evaluation of common blight disease reactions in different latitudes. 相似文献
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Hexaploid wheat has the largest cultivated area among crop plants due to its adaptability to different agroclimatic regions.
A large part of this adaptability depends upon the variation in vernalisation and photoperiod requirements. A better understanding
of the genetic control of flowering in wheat, as expressed by vernalisation requirements and photoperiod response, will guide
breeders in targeting crosses of different types and will also improve our understanding of regional adaptation requirements.
Characterisation of large numbers of breeding lines for photoperiod and vernalisation response in wheat is needed to assign
the lines to geographic areas of most probable adaptation. Simple screening methods to quantify the effects of these two factors
and their interaction are needed to assist breeding progress. Twenty wheat lines were evaluated for response to photoperiod
and vernalisation under two controlled environments and under high ambient air temperatures in field conditions. Vernalised
and non vernalised seedlings were transplanted into pots and placed in three photoperiod (8, 12 and 16 h light) cabinets,
in the greenhouse or in growth chambers. Days to anthesis decreased with increasing length of photoperiod. Vernalised plants
flowered earlier than non vernalised plants. There was a significant correlation between days to anthesis in the greenhouse
and the growth chamber (r=0.88, P<0.001). Length of basal vegetative period, effects of vernalisation, and photoperiod from
the two screening techniques were positively correlated with each other. Growth habit score, vernalisation requirement and
heading date in the field were highly correlated with the main effect of vernalisation in the two controlled environments.
The results indicated that selection for vernalisation response in a large number of genotypes can be achieved under high
ambient air temperatures in the field. The selected material can subsequently be screened for photoperiod response under greenhouse
conditions. Using these techniques, 49 local and improved cultivars from the Mediterranean region in west Asia and north Africa
(WANA), showing differences in response to photoperiod, vernalisation, and earliness independent of vernalisation and photoperiod,
affecting time to anthesis, were identified. Most old local cultivars were sensitive to both photoperiod and vernalisation.
All the improved genotypes were insensitive to photoperiod. Responses to vernalisation were generally small under short photoperiods,
but were more pronounced in long photoperiod, particularly in winter and facultative types from northern latitudes. These
results should help to explain the adaptability of cultivars based on photoperiod and vernalisation requirements and their
interaction.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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川北山区马铃薯开花与产量研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究川北山区特殊地理条件下马铃薯开花和产量之间的关系,对川北山区122份马铃薯材料完全随机试验。分析表明,开花率与单株薯块重和每公顷产量呈极显著正相关,讨论认为,由于地理纬度的不同,可能与川北马铃薯生育期特殊性有关,在夏至前后,日照时间变化趋势由短到长（开花诱导信号）变为由长到短（结薯诱导信号）,导致在短时间内马铃薯开花和结薯的光诱导信号均形成;这也可能与马铃薯开花和结薯对光周期诱导反应机理趋同有关,同一光周期信号导致开花诱导信号因子和结薯诱导信号因子在同一时间段内产生。聚类分析表明,122份马铃薯材料可以分为5类。 相似文献
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K. Kóti I. Karsai P. Szűcs Cs. Horváth K. Mészáros G. B. Kiss Z. Bedő P. M. Hayes 《Euphytica》2006,152(1):17-24
A two gene epistatic model in which a dominant “winter growth habit” allele at Vrn-H2 encodes a repressor with a corresponding binding site in a recessive vrn-H1 allele explains the vernalization response phenotypes in an array of barley germplasm. In order to validate the model genetically, we developed an F
2 population (and F
2-derived F
3 families) from the cross of Hardy (winter) × Jubilant (spring). Using gene-specific primers, we determined the Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H2 allele architecture of each F
2 plant and we measured the growth habit phenotype of each F
2 plant via phenotyping of its F
3 progeny under controlled environment conditions. We used a set of treatments involving plus/minus vernalization under long photoperiod and vernalization under short photoperiod. Alleles at the two loci showed expected patterns of segregation and independent assortment. Under long day conditions, the two Vrn genes were the primary determinants of heading date, regardless of the vernalization treatment. Under short photoperiod, the effects of these loci were not significant. There was incomplete dominance at Vrn-H1: heterozygotes were significantly later to head than Vrn-H1Vrn-H1 genotypes. Vrn-H2 genotypes were also significantly later to head, even when plants were vernalized. These results validate the two-gene epistatic model for vernalization response under long-day conditions. The results under short photoperiod, and the variance in flowering with vernalization, confirm that while the two Vrn genes are the primary determinants of vernalization response, they are part of a larger interactome that determines the timing of the vegetative to reproductive transition. 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜光、温敏雄性不育系Huiyou50S花粉败育的细胞学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Huiyou50S是从甘蓝型油菜品种汇油50中发现的半不育株选育而成的光、温敏雄性不育系,育性受隐性核基因控制,在高温、长光周期下不育而在低温、短光周期条件下可育。本文通过半薄树脂切片、扫描电镜、花粉压片染色、花药整体透明方法对Huiyou50S及其近等基因系Huiyou50F的花药发育过程及花粉形态观察比较。结果表明, Huiyou50S的花药造孢细胞、花粉母细胞、减数分裂、四分体阶段均正常,在单核期出现明显异常,虽然能形成花粉壁,但小孢子细胞质收缩、解体,最终只剩余空瘪的花粉壳; Huiyou50S的花药绒毡层在单核后期提前降解,绒毡层解体速度快于可育株Huiyou50F。Huiyou50S的小孢子的完全败育主要发生在单核时期,绒毡层发育与小孢子异常有某种关联,该结论为油菜光、温敏雄性不育类型划分及育种应用提供了依据。 相似文献
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Mohammed Mitache Aziz Baidani Chafika Houasli Khadija Khouakhi Bouchaib Bencharki Omar Idrissi 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):463-476
The use of high-performing varieties could contribute to increase food legume production and meet the population demand. However, the long process of conventional breeding is a serious limitation that needs further acceleration of genetic improvement. Speed breeding based on extended photoperiod is one of the techniques that allows rapid generation turnover by accelerating the plant life cycle. The present study focused on optimizing the duration of extended photoperiod for lentil, chickpea and faba bean in a growth chamber with light-emitting diode (LED) light sources. Significant differences in growth rate, biomass production, phenology, physiology, plant injury and yield components were observed depending on light phase durations (22, 18 and 14 h). Twenty-two hours of light resulted in earlier flowering and maturity, but higher stress symptoms than the other two light treatments. However, vegetative development was almost normal with limited stress under 14 h of light, but late flowering and maturity. Interestingly, good plant establishment with limited stress and shorter vegetative cycle was observed under 18 h of light. Therefore, a photoperiod of 18 h of light/6 h of darkness could be advised for a rapid breeding protocol. 相似文献