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1.
以盆栽一年生苹果砧木山定子和八棱海棠为实验材料,研究不同浓度(0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%)NaCl处理对山定子和八棱海棠光合特性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度NaCl处理后,山定子胞间CO2(Ci)浓度呈现高于对照的趋势;蒸腾速率(E)和气孔导度(Gs),净光合速率(Pn)均表现下降的趋势,并且低于对照;八棱海棠在NaCl浓度高于0.2%,Ci浓度才高于对照,NaCl浓度高于0.1%,蒸腾速率(E)和气孔导度(Gs),净光合速率(Pn)才低于对照。另外,山定子的盐害指数和盐害率均高于八棱海棠,八棱海棠对NaCl胁迫的耐受性较强。  相似文献   

2.
选取22个甜高粱品种为试验材料,设轻度盐碱地(土壤全盐含量为0.589 g·kg~(-1),pH 8.42)和重度盐碱地(土壤全盐含量为5.448 g·kg~(-1),pH 9.23)2个处理,测定孕穗期株高(PH)、茎粗(CD)、叶面积(LA)、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)及产量(Y)等15项指标。以各项指标的耐盐系数为依据,采用相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数和聚类分析等方法,对孕穗期不同甜高粱品种耐盐性进行了综合评价和分类。结果表明,与轻度盐碱胁迫相比,重度盐碱胁迫下各品种PH、CD、LA和SPAD等指标极显著降低;相关性分析表明,PH与Tr达到显著负相关,与Pn、Gs达到显著正相关;CD与Pn达到显著正相关;LA与F_v/F_m、F_v/F_0、F_m达到极显著正相关;PWC与F_v/F_m达到显著正相关;Pn与Tr达到显著负相关,与Gs达到极显著正相关;F_v/F_m与F_v/F_0、F_m达到极显著正相关;F_v/F_0与F_m达到极显著正相关,与Y达到显著正相关。聚类分析将22个甜高粱品种分为5类:第Ⅰ类为2个高度耐盐型品种;第Ⅱ类为5个中度耐盐型品种;第Ⅲ类为5个耐盐型品种;第Ⅳ类为7个敏感型品种;第Ⅴ类为3个高度敏感性品种。筛选出高度耐盐型品种为F6059和F6043,高度敏感型品种为F6372、F6229和F6271。关键字:  相似文献   

3.
盐、碱胁迫对燕麦幼苗光合作用的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以砂培‘定莜6号’燕麦幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度Na Cl和Na HCO3(0,50,100,150,200 mmol·L-1)胁迫对光合色素含量、气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数和叶黄素循环的影响。结果表明:(1)在Na Cl胁迫下,随着处理浓度增加,燕麦叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭(q P)和Hill反应活力明显下降,非光化学猝灭(NPQ)、调节性能量耗散Y(NPQ)、非调节性能量耗散Y(NO)、激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)、叶黄素循环脱环氧化状态(A+Z)/(V+A+Z)显著提高,类胡萝卜素含量和气孔限制值(Ls)先升后降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先降后升。(2)在Na HCO3胁迫下,随着处理浓度增加,燕麦叶片叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ls、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、q P和Hill反应活力显著下降,Ci、NPQ、Y(NPQ)、Y(NQ)、(β/α-1)、(A+Z)/(V+A+Z)明显增大,类胡萝卜素先升后降。(3)在相同Na+浓度下,Na HCO3胁迫的燕麦幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、q P和Hill反应活力下降及NPQ、Y(NPQ)、Y(NO)、(β/α-1)、(A+Z)/(V+A+Z)增加的幅度大于Na Cl胁迫。表明盐、碱胁迫均对燕麦幼苗光合系统造成了伤害,但碱胁迫的伤害程度大于盐胁迫。  相似文献   

4.
以甜高粱‘BJ0603’(杂交品种)和‘623B’(常规对照)为供试作物,在盆栽和田间条件下分别设置轻度(0.9 g·kg~(-1)NaCl)、中度(2.9 g·kg~(-1)NaCl)和重度盐胁迫(4.9 g·kg~(-1)和6.9 g·kg~(-1) NaCl)处理,分析甜高粱的Na~+累积特性。结果表明,随盐胁迫水平由0.9 g·kg~(-1)提高到6.9 g·kg~(-1),‘623B’植株Na~+浓度由0.395 g·kg~(-1)提高到1.104 g·kg~(-1),‘BJ0603’植株Na~+浓度由0.321 g·kg~(-1)提高到0.759 g·kg~(-1)。相同盐胁迫水平下,‘BJ0603’植株Na~+浓度比对照‘623B’降低4.1%～44.5%,而其生物学产量比对照‘623B’提高73.5%～193.8%(P0.05);不同程度盐胁迫下,‘BJ0603’的根系Na~+浓度比叶片、叶鞘和茎秆Na~+浓度分别提高46.9%～346.2%、104.3%～461.3%和51.6%～156.3%。与非胁迫(0.9 g·kg~(-1))相比,轻度盐胁迫下‘623B’和‘BJ0603’的生物学产量分别提高38.0%和24.5%(P0.05);而进一步提高盐胁迫水平至6.9 g·kg~(-1),‘623B’和‘BJ0603’的生物学产量分别降低56.1%和31.0%。随盐胁迫水平的提高,对照‘623B’的根系干物质量逐渐下降(由22.67 g·plant~(-1)降为9.26 g·plant~(-1)),而‘BJ0603’并无明显下降趋势。盐胁迫下杂交甜高粱‘BJ0603’具有更高的生物学产量和Na~+富集能力,适于在盐渍化地区种植及促进盐渍化土壤生物修复。  相似文献   

5.
镉(Cd)是最具生物毒性的重金属污染物之一,过氧化氢(H_2O_2)是参与植物逆境响应调节的信号分子。为探讨H_2O_2对Cd胁迫下植物生理响应的调控机制,以裸燕麦品种‘定莜6号’为材料,采用砂培方法研究了H_2O_2外源喷施对50 mg·L~(-1 )Cd~(2+)胁迫下幼苗生长、叶片叶黄素循环、叶绿素荧光参数和植株Cd积累特性的影响。结果表明:与单独Cd胁迫相比,喷施5 mmol·L~(-1) H_2O_2使Cd胁迫下的裸燕麦幼苗根系和地上部干重分别提高了18.5%和26.9%,叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、光系统Ⅰ激发能分配系数(α)和吸收光能用于光化学反应的份额(P)分别提高了15.7%、98.6%、61.6%、40.9%和98.6%,叶片叶黄素循环脱环氧化状态(A+Z)/(V+A+Z)、PSⅡ非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、调节性能量耗散Y(NPQ)、非调节性能量耗散Y(NO)、PSⅡ激发能分配系数(β)、双光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)、吸收光能用于天线热耗散的份额(D)和PSⅡ反应中心非光化学耗散的份额(E_x)分别下降了11.2%、7.9%、13.9%、12.2%、12.7%、55.2%、19.1%和10.6%。同时,喷施H_2O_2还使Cd胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗根系Cd含量及根系和地上部Cd积累量分别提高了52.0%、92.4%和25.2%,Cd由根系向地上部的转运率下降了34.4%,但地上部Cd含量没有显著变化。由此表明,外源H_2O_2可能一方面通过提高PSⅡ光化学效率而非依赖叶黄素循环的热耗散减轻了Cd胁迫诱导的光抑制,另一方面通过增强根系对Cd的滞留和降低Cd由根系向地上部的转运,从而缓解了Cd胁迫对裸燕麦幼苗生长的抑制,提高了裸燕麦对Cd胁迫的耐性。  相似文献   

6.
5-氮杂胞苷对低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探究降低基因组DNA甲基化水平在低温条件下对黄瓜幼苗光合作用的影响,以‘津研四号’黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究了不同浓度DNA甲基化抑制剂5-aza C处理对低温(10℃/6℃,300μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光猝灭、细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明:低温条件下,500~800μmol·L~(-1)的5-aza C处理能够显著降低黄瓜幼苗叶片细胞膜透性(P0.05);提高叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr),降低胞间CO_2浓度(Ci);同时也促进PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子传递效率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)的升高,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)和叶片光化学猝灭参数[Y(NO)]的降低,从而提高黄瓜幼苗的耐冷性。  相似文献   

7.
选用生长于新疆吐鲁番地区高温胁迫(HT)、石河子地区花后干旱胁迫(DT)以及正常灌溉(NW)环境下收获的‘SDWW-7’、‘津农6号’和‘金石农1号’小麦种子,分别用不同浓度的PEG-6000和NaCl溶液模拟干旱胁迫和盐胁迫,研究来自3种环境条件下收获种子的耐旱性和耐盐性。结果表明：(1)高温干旱胁迫导致父代小麦籽粒千粒重降低,下降幅度为23.55%～46.15%;高温干旱胁迫对‘SDWW-7’和‘金石农1号’的淀粉含量影响存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(2)子代小麦材料在遭受干旱胁迫时,经过高温锻炼后的‘SDWW-7’、‘津农6号’及经过干旱锻炼后的‘金石农1号’长势更好,其相对盐害率的均值仅为1.24%～2.72%。(3)子代小麦材料在遭受盐胁迫时,通过发芽势、发芽率、相对盐害率等筛选指标发现‘SDWW-7’、‘津农6号’、‘金石农1号’在经历高温锻炼后的子代表现最优;两种锻炼方式对子代小麦耐盐性的影响程度表现为‘SDWW-7’>‘津农6号’>‘金石农1号’。(4)子代小麦抗旱性综合评价表明在15%PEG-6000(D1)、20%PEG-6000(D2)干旱胁迫...  相似文献   

8.
以新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii Roem.（XJ））、垂丝海棠（Malus halliana Koehne（CS））和山定子（Malus baccata Borkh.（SDZ））3种一年生苹果砧木实生苗为材料,采用盆栽控水的方法设置正常供水（75%~80% RWC）和干旱胁迫（45%~50% RWC）2种水分处理,研究干旱胁迫下叶片光合特性、叶绿体超微结构、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧阴离子（O—[KG-1][JX*3]·[JX-*3]2）产生速率以及抗氧化酶活性的变化规律,并利用主成分分析（PCA）对3种砧木进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：干旱胁迫抑制了3种苹果砧木的光合作用,但干旱胁迫下CS的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、PSII最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、潜在光化学活性（Fv/Fo）及光化学猝灭系数（qP）的降幅均显著小于其他两种砧木,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）的增幅显著高于其他两种砧木;干旱胁迫下,3种砧木超微结构受到不同程度的伤害,其中CS叶片的超微结构损伤较小,能较好地保持细胞结构的完整性;干旱胁迫下3种砧木的SOD和CAT活性先升高后降低,POD活性逐渐增加至21 d趋于稳定,MDA含量和O—[KG-1][JX*3]·[JX-*3]2产生速率持续升高。PCA结果显示：2个主成分的方差贡献率达到98.502%,干旱胁迫下CS的综合得分最高。因此,干旱胁迫下,垂丝海棠能保持叶绿体结构的完整性,激活抗氧化酶系统,清除氧化产物而保持较高的光合能力。  相似文献   

9.
以3 a生定干80 cm的‘赞皇大枣’和‘冬枣’为试材,设干旱和正常灌水两种处理,在处理21 d时测定其生长指标、叶绿素含量、光合及荧光参数、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性和内源激素含量,分析两个枣树品种响应干旱胁迫的生理差异。结果表明：干旱胁迫主要抑制了两个枣树品种的新梢叶片数、叶片长度和枣吊长度,‘冬枣’的新梢节间数下降了45.5%,而‘赞皇大枣’的单株枣吊总数下降了45.61%。干旱胁迫后,‘赞皇大枣’和‘冬枣’的叶片叶绿素总含量分别下降了18.94%和29.32%。‘赞皇大枣’的光合、蒸腾速率在正常灌水和干旱胁迫后均高于‘冬枣’,而在正常灌水情况下,除Fm以外,二者的荧光参数值无显著差异。干旱胁迫后,‘赞皇大枣’的Ci无显著变化,而‘冬枣’的Ci降幅为48.07%。相比于‘冬枣’,干旱胁迫后‘赞皇大枣’的ΦPSⅡ和qP分别提高97.69%和77.25%,qN降低18.29%。正常情况下,两个枣树品种叶片的相对电导率、MDA和Pro含量无显著差异,‘赞皇大枣’的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量比‘冬枣’分别高148.29%...  相似文献   

10.
以7～8叶龄的垂丝海棠实生苗为试验材料,研究外源喷施2,4-表油菜素内酯（EBR）对干旱胁迫下垂丝海棠幼苗光合及生理特性的影响。采用盆栽控水法,设置CK（正常水分）与干旱胁迫加6种浓度油菜素内酯处理,即T1(0 mg·L-1)、T2(0.20 mg·L-1)、T3(0.40 mg·L-1)、T4(0.60 mg·L-1)、T5(0.80 mg·L-1)和T6(1.00 mg·L-1),分别测定各处理下叶绿素含量、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量,并进行相关性与主成分分析。随干旱胁迫时间的延长,垂丝海棠叶片的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均呈下降趋势;胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、丙二醛（MDA）含量和相对电导率（REC）呈上升趋势;脯氨酸（Pro）含量、超氧化物歧化酶...  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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