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1.
采用前期筛选出的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的3株木霉菌,即哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum 809、拟康氏木霉Trichoderma pseudokoningii 886和棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 525,利用盆栽试验,测定了木霉菌孢子不同类型施用对黄瓜幼苗生长、生理特性及枯萎病防效的影响。结果表明:哈茨木霉809、拟康氏木霉886、棘孢木霉525分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜枯萎病的盆栽防效均在66.81%以上,且以拟康氏木霉886厚垣孢子防效最高,达到81.46%。当黄瓜幼苗长至三叶一心时,3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子处理的黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根体积、叶面积、全株鲜质量均比CK显著上升,以厚垣孢子886的促进效果最显著,其株高、茎粗、根体积、叶面积、全株鲜质量分别较CK增加了85.33%、108.43%、235.29%、144.38%、272.32%。同时,3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子处理的黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量也均比CK显著上升,厚垣孢子886的促进效果仍最显著,其叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量分别较CK增加了97.47%、86.05%、172.49%、201.91%。 相似文献
2.
于2019年5—8月采用前期筛选出的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的拟康氏木霉Trichoderma pseudokoningii 886菌株，通过盆栽实验，测定不同菌剂施用量对黄瓜幼苗生长、抗氧化系统以及对黄瓜枯萎病防效的影响。结果表明：拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高对黄瓜枯萎病的防效，其中105 cfu·g-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂应用效果最好，对黄瓜枯萎病的防效达到83.98%；与CK（只接种病原菌）相比，拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积、根冠比和壮苗指数，其中105 cfu·g-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂对黄瓜幼苗形态建成的促进效果最好；拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高瓜幼苗叶片中CAT、POD、SOD、APX、PPO活性和Pro含量，降低叶片中的MDA含量和质膜透性，其中105 cfu·g-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统促进效果最好；在播种后30 d，黄瓜幼苗叶片中CAT、POD、SOD、APX、PPO活性和Pro含量分别比CK提高了119.96%、213.75%、139.29%、97.53%、101.15%、70.38%，相对电导率、MDA含量则分别比CK下降了46.10%、60.28%。研究表明拟康氏木霉886厚垣孢子菌剂通过提高黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统能力，促进了幼苗形态建成，提高了对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。 相似文献
3.
为评价木霉Trichoderma spp.厚垣孢子可湿性粉剂的储存性能及应用效果,采用稀释涂平板法测定了保存过程中木霉Tr-92分生孢子和厚垣孢子可湿性粉剂的存活率以及在黄瓜叶片上的定殖能力,并采用盆栽试验法比较了2种木霉制剂对黄瓜灰霉病的防效。结果表明,木霉厚垣孢子制剂贮存180 d时孢子存活率达到72.8%,显著高于分生孢子制剂的42.2%;喷施后7 d,木霉厚垣孢子制剂和分生孢子制剂在黄瓜叶片上的定殖数量分别为1 580个/cm~2和1 490个/cm~2,二者间存在显著差异,且厚垣孢子制剂定殖时间大于分生孢子制剂;1 000倍稀释的木霉厚垣孢子制剂对黄瓜灰霉病的防效达99.20%,与嘧菌酯的防效无显著差异,在喷施后7 d和12 d的防效均显著高于分生孢子制剂。研究表明,木霉厚垣孢子制剂的储存性能和对黄瓜灰霉病的防效均显著优于木霉分生孢子制剂。 相似文献
4.
绿色木霉菌T23对黄瓜枯萎病防治效果及其几种防御酶活性的影响 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
本文通过生物测定的方法初步研究了绿色木霉菌T23分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜枯萎病防治效果及黄瓜幼苗几种防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:黄瓜幼苗经木霉菌处理后,病情指数由33.69分别降至13.12和10.28,经木霉菌处理的黄瓜体内与抗性反应相关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有明显增加,其峰值分别为对照的2.75、2.49、2.42及15.84倍,说明生物防治过程中可能有木质素、植保素等抗性物质的参与。与分生孢子处理相比,木霉菌厚垣孢子处理的酶活高峰出现得晚,但酶活峰值高。 相似文献
5.
木霉不同施用方式对黄瓜膜脂过氧化作用、保护性酶活性及枯萎病防效的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用3株对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的木霉,棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 525、哈茨木霉T.harzianum 610和拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886,研究木霉不同施用方式对黄瓜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化作用、保护性酶活性及防治枯萎病效果的影响。结果显示,所有木霉处理均能够提高黄瓜幼苗的株高和茎粗,增加幼苗地上部和地下部鲜重,对黄瓜枯萎病的防效均达到64%以上。播种后8~14 d,各处理的黄瓜幼苗叶片质膜透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量不同程度下降,保护性酶活性不同程度的提高,其中以先接种拟康氏木霉886,2 d后接种病原菌的T886-F处理的提高程度最显著。播种后14 d,该处理的叶片质膜透性和MDA含量比只接种病原菌的F处理分别下降了37.02%和14.80%,同时,叶片的SOD、POD、CAT、PPO活性分别比F增加了46.82%、34.93%、18.75%和11.63%。以上结果说明,本研究的3株木霉均能通过改善黄瓜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化能力,增加保护酶活性,促进幼苗生长,防治黄瓜枯萎病。在实际应用中,提前施入木霉菌剂,有利于促进黄瓜的生长、提高幼苗抗病性、提高病害防治效果。本研究结果为木霉菌剂的高效使用、保障黄瓜安全生产提供指导。 相似文献
6.
本文开展了3种生防木霉菌,包括棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 525、哈茨木霉T.harzianum 610和拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886防治黄瓜枯萎病的盆栽试验,研究这3种木霉菌对黄瓜幼苗生长、膜脂过氧化指标的影响及对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明,木霉菌对黄瓜枯萎病的田间防治效果均达到78%以上,且以棘孢木霉525的田间防治效果最高,达到81.53%。与只接种枯萎病病原菌的对照相比,3株木霉菌单独接种或与黄瓜枯萎病病原菌同时接种均可以显著提高黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积、地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重,显著提高黄瓜叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性,显著降低质膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量,其中以拟康氏木霉886单独接种促进效果最强。研究表明,3种木霉菌通过促进黄瓜幼苗生长,增强植物抗氧化酶活性,降低质膜透性和丙二醛含量,从而提高对黄瓜枯萎病的抗性。 相似文献
7.
黄瓜枯萎病是设施黄瓜栽培中最为常见且为害严重的土传真菌病害,应用生防菌防治黄瓜枯萎病,对黄瓜安全生产有重要意义。试验采用前期筛选的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗效果的3株木霉菌,即棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 525、哈茨木霉T.harzianum 610和拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886,利用盆栽试验,测定了木霉菌不同施用方式对黄瓜幼苗质量及枯萎病防效的影响。3种施用方式分别为T1（木霉与病原菌同时接种）、T2（先接种木霉菌,2 d后接种病原菌）和T3（先接种病原菌,2 d后接种木霉）。结果显示,3株木霉菌对黄瓜枯萎病的防效均在64.78%以上,且以拟康氏木霉886的T2施用方式的防效最高,达到81.54%。在播种后8~14 d,所有木霉菌处理的黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系总吸收面积均比CK1（只接种病原菌孢子悬液）显著上升,3种施用方式中以T2处理对上述6项指标的促进效果最显著,并以拟康氏木霉886在播种后14 d的6项指标增加幅度最大,该处理的黄瓜壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系总吸收面积的增加幅度分别达到210.06%、74.39%、37.23%、54.45%、88.00%和51.11%。本研究的3株木霉菌通过提高黄瓜幼苗生理代谢活性,增强了幼苗质量,提高了对黄瓜枯萎病的抗性,在应用中,提前施入木霉菌,有利于提高黄瓜幼苗对病害的防治效果,为后期提高黄瓜产量和品质奠定基础条件。 相似文献
8.
木霉对黄瓜幼苗生理特性及枯萎病防治效果的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
黄瓜枯萎病是一种土传真菌病害,在设施黄瓜栽培中最为常见且危害严重,应用生物防治技术防治该病害对黄瓜安全生产具有重要意义。本研究通过平板对峙试验筛选出3株对黄瓜枯萎病菌抑制率在74%以上的拮抗木霉,分别为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum525、哈茨木霉T.harzianum610和拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886,研究了3种木霉对黄瓜生理特性和幼苗生长作用效应及对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明:3种霉与黄瓜枯萎病菌同时接种的田间防治效果均达到78%以上,其中棘孢木霉T.asperellum525的田间防效达到81.5%。与只接种枯萎病原菌的对照相比,3种木霉与黄瓜枯萎病原菌同时接种或单一接种均可以显著提高黄瓜叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积以及黄瓜株高和茎粗,其中以拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886促进效果最强,叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积和根系比表面积增加幅度分别达到38.7%~49.5%、32.1%~33.6%、29.5%~66.3%、10.8%~21.5%、19.6%~23.5%、17.9%~25.0%、4.9%~13.1%,株高、茎粗和全株鲜重增加幅度分别达到20.7%~28.8%、29.7%~35.1%、10.0%~10.70%。 相似文献
9.
木霉菌厚垣孢子形成相关基因的克隆及功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
意义与目的厚垣孢子是抗逆能力极强的一类真菌繁殖体,大规模生产真菌厚垣孢子是突破生防真菌产业化的主要技术瓶颈之一,克隆和分析厚垣孢子形成相关基因,对阐明真菌厚垣孢子形成的遗传机制、真菌生长发育的遗传机制、生防真菌产厚垣孢子工程菌的构建以及病原真菌初侵染原的控制具有重要意义。材料与方法根据作者已研究出的木霉菌大量快速产厚垣孢子的液体发酵产孢培养基和发酵控制工艺,采用根癌农杆菌介导的T-DNA插入方法,建立哈茨木霉或绿色木霉的插入突变体库,然后通过所发明的产厚垣孢子特异培养基筛选T-DNA插入突变体库,筛选出产厚… 相似文献
10.
本研究以稻曲病菌Ustilaginoidea virens黄色(非休眠)厚垣孢子、黑色(休眠)厚垣孢子、厚垣孢子萌发后产生的分生孢子(非休眠)3种孢子为材料,采用DNA甲基化敏感扩增多态性技术对供试材料基因组DNA进行甲基化分析,探究稻曲病菌休眠与非休眠厚垣孢子DNA甲基化的水平和模式。结果显示,3种形态孢子的基因组DNA甲基化水平差异明显,分生孢子基因组DNA中CCGG序列的总甲基化率为20.56%,黑色休眠厚垣孢子为25.63%,黄色非休眠厚垣孢子为33.52%。黄色和黑色的厚垣孢子主要是全甲基化模式,其全甲基化率高于半甲基化率,其中黄色厚垣孢子全甲基化率高达17.68%;分生孢子则是以半甲基化模式为主。结果对揭示稻曲病菌厚垣孢子休眠的分子机制,探究真核生物孢子的分子休眠机制有普遍意义。 相似文献
11.
Plant growth enhancement and disease control byTrichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings grown under commercial conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J. Inbar M. Abramsky D. Cohen I. Chet 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1994,100(5):337-346
Trichoderma harzianum was applied to cucumber and pepper seedlings as a peat-bran preparation incorporated into the propagative mixture in a commercial production nursery. On marketing day (after 18 and 30 days for cucumber and pepper, respectively), significant increases of 23.8% and 17.2% in seedling height, 96.1% and 50% in leaf area, and 24.7% and 28.6% in plant dry weight were observed in cucumber and pepper seedlings, respectively, as compared to their non-treated counterparts.Trichoderma-treated seedlings were much more developed and vigorous and had higher chlorophyll contents. No significant differences were found in N, P or K content between treatments. Cucumber seedlings were then transplanted to a commercial greenhouse and analyzed over two successive growth cycles following soil fumigation with methyl bromide (500 kg/ha). Results revealed theTrichoderma-treated plants to be more resistant to damping-off disease. During the first cycle, immediately after soil fumigation, no damping-off was observed with either treatment, except in border beds where 4% of the non-treated plants died, as compared to no damping-off in theTrichoderma-treated plants. During the second growing cycle however, significant reductions in damping-off of 67% and 52% were obtained in middle and border beds, respectively, as compared to the non-treated controls. 相似文献
12.
Edna Sharon Ilan Chet Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(3):291-299
Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that bind to eggs and/or second-stage juveniles of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica were tested for their effects on the parasitic interactions between this nematode and the fungus Trichoderma. Parasitism of Trichoderma asperellum-203 and Trichoderma atroviride on nematode egg masses, eggs and juveniles was enhanced when antibodies were incorporated into in vitro parasitism bioassays.
Parasitism on separated eggs (without gelatinous matrix) and their hatched juveniles was also improved, compared to controls
without antibodies that did not attach fungal conidia. Improved parasitism could be due to bilateral binding of the antibodies
to the nematodes and conidia, enabling better conidial attachment to the nematodes. Enhanced germination of antibody-bound
conidia further improved parasitism. Differences were observed among antibodies in their effects on fungal parasitism and
their interaction with Trichoderma species. We focused mainly on the egg- and juvenile-binding monoclonal antibody MISC that exhibited a stronger reaction with
T. asperellum-203 than with T. atroviride. Pretreatment of this antibody with fucose inhibited its binding to nematodes and conidial attachment to nematodes, as well
as conidial agglutination in the presence of the antibody. Antibody binding to juveniles affected their movement and viability,
especially gelatinous matrix-originated juveniles. The fucose-specific lectin Ulex europaeus-I enhanced conidial attachment to nematode life-stages, and conidial agglutination occurred in its presence. These phenomena
were inhibited by preincubating lectin with fucose. Our results suggest that carbohydrate residues, such as fucose, on the
surface of the nematode and fungal conidia are involved in the antibody- and lectin-mediated improved parasitism. 相似文献
13.
Satoshi Watanabe Kazuo Kumakura Hideki Kato Hiroyuki Iyozumi Masayuki Togawa Kozo Nagayama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):351-356
Trichoderma SKT-1 was previously reported as a powerful biological control agent against seedborne pathogens of rice, but the taxonomic disposition of the fungal isolate was not clear. Trichoderma SKT-1 produced irregular pyramidal warts on conidia and had an optimum growth temperature of 30°C. Morphological characteristics and colony growth were identical to those of known species of Trichoderma, including the newly recognized species T. asperellum. The 5.8S rDNA with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ca. 514 bp) of the fungus was compared with those of known species to determine the phylogenetic placement of the fungus. The length and sequence of the regions from Trichoderma SKT-1 were completely identical to those of an isolate of T. asperellum NRRL 5242 (AJ230669). On the basis of these results, we concluded that Trichoderma SKT-1 was T. asperellum. 相似文献
14.
不同野生木霉菌拮抗作用的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对峙培养、非挥发性抑制物、挥发性抑制物、几丁质酶活性检测及活体接种试验,对4株初筛效果好的木霉菌株的拮抗活性进行分析比较。结果显示,在4株木霉菌中菌株YZ1303对黄瓜枯萎病菌的平板对峙效果较好,但是几丁质酶活性最低;菌株SH2303的非挥发性抑制物的抑菌效果最好,为41.33%,并且在盆栽试验中防效最高;菌株HF3407的几丁质酶活性较高,并且挥发性抑制作用和盆栽试验防效较好。总之,建立一种可全面反映木霉菌生防功能的拮抗菌株筛选技术体系非常重要。 相似文献