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1.
油菜蚤跳甲药剂防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用6种药剂,采用拌种、拌种+喷雾、喷雾3种施药方法,在甘肃省康乐县进行了双低春油菜田间油菜蚤跳甲防效比较试验,以油菜被害指数表示药剂的防治效果,选出适宜药剂与施药方法。结果表明：拌种处理中,毒死蜱被害指数最低（2~3叶期4.15%、4~5叶期20.38%、5~6叶期32.08%）,氰戊•马拉松、甲维盐次之;拌种+喷雾处理中,氰戊•马拉松（1.83%、15.84%、25.16%）、甲维盐（6.20%、29.25%、29.24%）防效最佳,吡虫啉次之;喷雾处理中,氰戊•马拉松（5.24%、18.79%、29.17%）最佳,甲维盐、吡虫啉次之。氰戊•马拉松、辛硫磷、毒死蜱、甲维盐拌种、拌种+喷雾,甲维盐喷雾将最终死苗率控制在5%以内,大田示范试验中被害指数控制在40%以内,有效控制了对油菜的为害。由此,可以用毒死蜱、氰戊•马拉松、甲维盐、吡虫啉替代高毒农药甲拌磷防治油菜蚤跳甲。其中吡虫啉、甲维盐适宜喷雾,毒死蜱适宜拌种,氰戊•马拉松拌种或喷雾均适宜。 相似文献
2.
象耳豆根结线虫Meloidogyne enterolobii严重威胁热带农业生产,迫切需要寻求一种兼具生物防治和化学农药减施高效双重优势的绿色防治方法。本研究通过杀线剂毒力测定和生防菌耐药测定,设计系列药菌复配组合并筛选出对象耳豆根结线虫活性好的复配方案。结果表明:3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)微乳剂对淡紫紫孢菌Purpureocillium lilacinum PLHN的菌丝生长、产孢量及孢子萌发的影响均较小,且对象耳豆根结线虫的LC50为0.107 mg/L, LC99为0.792 mg/L,绝对致死浓度为0.8 mg/L。复配组合中甲维盐0.4 mg/L(减量50%)+75% PLHN和甲维盐0.6 mg/L(减量25%)+50% PLHN对根结线虫2龄幼虫和卵的抑杀作用均优于其他组合。盆栽防效表明:0.6 mg/L甲维盐(减量25%)+50%PLHN复配组合的防效最好,对根结形成有一定的抑制作用,防治效果与全量甲维盐相当,并能促进番茄植株的生长;0.6 mg/L甲维盐+25% PLHN和0.4 mg/L甲维盐+75%PLHN次之。甲维盐和淡紫紫孢菌PLHN的复配使用,不仅甲维盐能减量25%～50%,还能弥补生物防治稳定性较弱、持效期不长等不足,是植物线虫病防治的可选策略之一。 相似文献
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复凝聚法制备甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微囊 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)为芯材,以明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材,采用复凝聚法制备了甲维盐微囊。用紫外分光光度计分析了甲维盐的质量分数,甲维盐的紫外最大吸收峰为243 nm,其浓度对吸光度值的线性回归方程为Y＝45.84x＋0.005 2。研究了不同壁材浓度和不同芯壁材比例对甲维盐微囊载药量、包封率和粒径大小的影响规律。结果表明,复凝聚法制备的甲维盐微囊包封率在62%左右,甲维盐微囊质量与芯壁材比例和壁材浓度有关,合适的壁材浓度以及合适的芯壁材比例有利于提高微囊质量。 相似文献
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7.
《中国植保导刊》2021,(9)
为筛选草地贪夜蛾应急防控药剂,选择甲维盐单剂及复配制剂,设置常量和减量施用处理,进行玉米田药效验证。结果表明,药后3、7、10 d,各施药处理均表现出一定的防效,其中,复配剂25%甲维·茚虫威水分散粒剂、5%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂常量处理的防效接近或显著高于甲维盐单剂;12%甲维·氟酰胺微乳剂+激健、6%阿维·氯苯酰悬浮剂+15%茚虫威乳油两减量(较常规用量减少20%)处理在药后3 d防效稍差,药后7 d防效分别升至94.71%、87.07%,药后10 d防效均达到95%以上。各药剂施用10 d后,相应处理区草地贪夜蛾幼虫存量减少,玉米最初受害状大程度得以恢复。 相似文献
8.
以小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L)3龄幼虫为试虫测定了甲维盐、辛硫磷及两者5种不同配比的混配剂的毒力.甲维盐与辛硫磷混配后增效显著,在5种配比中以甲维盐:辛硫磷=1:100为最佳配比,共毒系数为154.31.与单剂相比,该配比明显提高杀虫率. 相似文献
9.
采用点滴法比较了甲维盆、虫螨腈.茚虫威、虫酰肼、毒死蟀、灭多威对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的室内毒力,以及酶抑制剂与防治甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾杀虫剂的互作效应.结果表明,甲维盐、虫螨腈、茚虫威对2种试虫毒力较高,LC50值介于0.69～16.32μg/g之间;虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾毒力较高,LC50值为37.66μg/g毒死蜱对斜纹夜蛾毒力较高,LC50值为20.71μg/g.酶抑制剂PBO,TPP,DEM,SV1在甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾上对虫螨腈和茚虫威均表现为抑制作用,增效比在0.25～0.96之间;而这4种酶抑制剂在甜菜夜蛾上对甲维盐和虫酰肼以及在斜纹夜蛾上对甲维盐和毒死蟀表现为增效作用,除SV1在斜纹夜蛾上对毒死蜱增效倍数高达16.20外,其它组合增效倍数均介于1.22～4.20之间. 相似文献
10.
采用浸虫法测定了4种药剂:甲维盐、高效氟氯氰菊酯、虫酰肼和高氯·甲维盐,对小地老虎3龄幼虫的室内毒力,并对4种药剂的实验室自制剂型2%甲维盐微乳剂、2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯水乳剂、20%虫酰肼悬浮剂和4%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,高效氟氯氰菊酯对小地老虎3龄幼虫的毒力最高,其毒力LC50值为0.46 mg/L,其次为高氯·甲维盐,LC50值为0.74 mg/L。在田间使用4%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂40 g/667m2时,药后3 d和12 d的防虫效果均可达93%以上。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
18.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
20.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献