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1.
ABSTRACT

The Norwegian coastal goat is a national and endangered breed. Coastal goat populations are mainly divided with a large mainland and two small island populations. The objective of this study is to describe genetic diversity in the feral Skorpa island population and its relationship to the mainland coastal goat population (Selje) using the Norwegian milk goat population as a reference. Analyses were based on 96 samples genotyped by the CaprineSNP50 Beadchip from three populations; 7 Skorpa (SK), 37 Selje (SE) and 52 Norwegian milk goats (MG). The SK population had significantly less genetic variation and higher levels of inbreeding than the two other populations. It was more distant from the two mainland populations than they were from each other. The marginal contribution of the SK population to genetic diversity was small. Means of introducing genetic diversity into the SK population should be considered if the population is prioritized for conservation.  相似文献   

2.
利用mtDNA细胞色素b分析贵州山羊的系统发育   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
试验选取贵州山羊4个群体(共55只),设计引物对其mtDNA细胞色素b基因片段进行测序,测序结果与GenBank报道的8个山羊品种mtDNA细胞色素b基因进行比对分析。结果发现,在55只贵州山羊中有11个变异位点,其中转换10次,T/G颠换1次;10种单倍型中有7种单倍型为1个群体独享,3种单倍型为多个群体共享。4个山羊类群间存在较近的亲缘关系,既是独立的类群,其间也存在基因交流,其中贵州黑山羊和贵州麻羊的亲缘关系最近,与贵州白山羊的亲缘关系次之,与贵州小香羊的亲缘关系最远。从山羊品种间遗传距离构建的邻接树可见,贵州4个山羊类群均起源于镰刀状角羊骨羊。  相似文献   

3.
试验对四川板角山羊、贵州白山羊、贵州黑山羊、贵州麻羊及湖南马头山羊5个山羊品种,共计69个个体的Cytb基因片段进行测序分析比较。结果显示,69个山羊Cytb基因序列均为长1140bp的同源基因,共发现17个变异位点,观察到14种单倍型;5个山羊品种的群体遗传多样性在0．442—0．889之间,核苷酸多样度从0．00145—0．00253。表明5个山羊遗传多样性属于中等;5个山羊品种可分为2大类群,即：贵州黑山羊、贵州麻羊、贵州白山羊和湖南马头山羊4个品种为一类,四川板桥山羊1个品种为另一类。  相似文献   

4.
Polymorphism of goat milk alphas1-casein was determined and potential relations between genetic variants of this protein fraction and goat performance were evaluated. The investigations were performed on 598 goats assigned to of 4 breed groups (White improved 254 units, Coloured improved--124, White non-improved--146 and Coloured non-improved--74). For each goat, alphas1-casein polymorphism was determined in polyacrylamide gel by the PAGE-SDS method and percentage of milk alphas1-casein and gene frequency established. There was evaluated goat performance at successive lactations. In the goat population investigated, AA, AB, BB, AE, BE and EE alphas1-casein genotypes were identified. In all four breeds, alphas1-casein genotype EE clearly predominated (27.2-39.2%), recognized as "medium" and its share was higher in the groups of non-improved goats. It was conditioned by high frequency of gene E alphas1-casein (0.419-0.622). Generally, EE genotype percentage was higher in the non-improved goat groups. The improved goats, though, obtained higher productivity in each of the lactation studied. Analysis of relationships between alphas1-casein genetic variants and goats performance confirmed a significant influence on milk, protein and fat yields only in the Coloured improved goat group. There was revealed a more general tendency indicating a significant impact of "strong" alphas1-casein genotypes on a concentration of basic milk components, i.e. fat and protein, especially casein. In a group of goats producing milk of the highest casein content (over 2.4%) and protein (over 3.0%), the animals showing "strong" alphas1-casein variants dominated (85 and 70 %).  相似文献   

5.
设计5对引物，采用PCR SSCP技术检测催乳素（prolactin，PRL）基因外显子1~外显子5在高繁殖力山羊品种（济宁青山羊、波尔山羊、文登奶山羊）和低繁殖力山羊品种（内蒙古绒山羊）中的单核苷酸多态性，同时研究该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响。通过克隆测序首次获得了山羊PRL基因外显子全序列。结果表明PRL基因在研究的4个山羊品种中都不存在单核苷酸多态性，提示检测的PRL基因座位对济宁青山羊高繁殖力没有显著影响。  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of this study was to screen the genome-wide selection signals of Liaoning cashmere goat and Inner Mongolia cashmere goat. Based on the Illumina Caprine 50K SNP chip, Liaoning cashmere goat, Inner Mongolia cashmere goat and Huanghuai goat were genotyped, and the common 50 010 SNPs were obtained after quality control. Using population differentiation coefficients Fst and XP-EHH, Huanghuai goats were used as reference populations to detect selection signals for Inner Mongolia cashmere goats and Liaoning cashmere goats. The top 5% of Fst and XP-EHH values was used as the threshold. The result showed that 501 candidate genes were selected by Fst and 145 candidate genes were selected by XP-EHH in cashmere goats. Based on these SNPs, we detected 12 SNPs under strong selection by Fst and XP-EHH. After gene annotation, 21 candidate genes were identified, such as EXOC4, ASIC2, PCDH9, RHBDD1, IRS1 and PDE10A. These genes were found to be mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, protein digestion and absorption and relaxin signaling pathways. The study indicated that genes associated with cashmere traits were subjected to strong artificial selection pressure during domestication of the cashmere goats. These findings also help us better understand the selection progress of cashmere goats and provide a new theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of germplasm resources of Chinese cashmere goat breeds.  相似文献   

7.
旨在对辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊的基因组选择信号进行筛选。本研究利用Illumina 50K的山羊芯片，对内蒙古绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊和黄淮山羊进行基因型检测，质控后获得50 010个共同SNPs位点。通过群体分化系数Fst和XP-EHH，以黄淮山羊为参考群体分别对内蒙古绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊进行选择信号检测，Fst和XP-EHH值的top 5%作为阈值。结果，利用Fst在绒山羊基因组中筛选到501个候选基因，利用XP-EHH在绒山羊基因组中筛选到145个候选基因。其中有12个SNPs在绒山羊基因组中受到较强选择。通过基因注释筛选到21个候选基因，包括EXOC4、ASIC2、PCDH9、RHBDD1、IRS1和PDE10A等。这些基因主要富集在PI3K-Akt信号通路、蛋白质消化吸收和松弛素信号通路等。研究结果发现，绒山羊在驯化过程中其基因组很多与毛囊相关的基因受到了强烈的选择。这些发现也有助于更好地了解绒山羊的选择进展，为中国绒山羊品种的种质资源保护和利用提供重要参考。  相似文献   

8.
选用来源于牛和绵羊的27个微卫星DNA标记,对山东省4个地方山羊品种进行遗传多样性分析,通过计算等位基因频率、多态信息含量、不同标记的平均杂和度、总群体杂合度、亚群体杂合度、群体杂合度、基因分化系数、不同群体的F-统计量、基因流动数、不同群体间的基因流动个数和遗传距离并进行聚类分析,评估其种内变异和种间变异的关系,以群体平均杂合度、F-统计量和遗传分化系数为基础,结合四个山羊种群的实际生存状况,提出避免近交和种群间杂交符合山东山羊种群实际状况的保种模式。研究结果可为山东地方种质特性研究提供基础数据,为山东地方山羊种群的合理保护利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
设计4对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测骨形态发生蛋白2（bone morphogenetic protein 2,BMP2）基因外显子2、3在济宁青山羊、安哥拉、波尔、内蒙古绒山羊4个品种共191个个体中的单核苷酸多态性,分析该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响,并对济宁青山羊BMP2基因2个外显子进行克隆测序。结果表明,4对引物的扩增片段在4个山羊品种中均无多态性;山羊扩增片段核苷酸和氨基酸序列与人、黑猩猩、牛、犬、大鼠、小鼠6个物种的同源性分别为86.5%～91.3%和88.8%～99%;与其他物种相比,山羊BMP2扩增片段推导氨基酸序列存在3处特有突变,分别是位于第131、353、365位的脯氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸变为苏氨酸(P131T)、天冬氨酸(V353D)、脯氨酸(L365P)。可见,哺乳动物BMP2基因外显子2、3序列保守性强,该区域可能不是影响山羊高繁殖力的功能结构域。  相似文献   

10.
To provide useful knowledge on goat breed origin and history, we studied the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 69 goats from five different breeds, Camosciata delle Alpi, Maltese, Nubian, Saanen and Sarda, and one population, the Tunisian. All goats analysed displayed a moderate haplotype and nucleotide diversity. The highest was in the Sarda – the autochthonous breed reared in Sardinia. On the basis of mtDNA control region sequences, animals showed a high genetic haplotype diversity, 35 haplotypes were each represented by a single sequence and only a few haplotypes were shared among the animals. New haplotypes of goats reared in the Mediterranean area were identified and the majority of Italian goats belonged to haplogroup A. This result confirmed worldwide distribution and diversity of haplogroup A.  相似文献   

11.
对4个山羊品种和4个绵羊品种的7项主要先天性免疫学指标进行了检测并比较。对动物进行颈静脉采血,制备血清,用ELISA试剂盒测定IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、IFN-γ、NK细胞、血清溶菌酶。利用生物统计学的方法和原理,以品种和品种来源地为应变量对检测结果进行比较分析。结果表明,山羊当地品种的NK和LYS高于引进品种（P〈0.05）;绵羊引进品种的IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、IFN-γ、NK、LYS均明显高于地方品种（P〈0.01）。在不同品种之间,莱芜黑山羊NK和LYS水平高于崂山奶山羊、波尔山羊和鲁波山羊,萨福克羊的IL-1、IL-6、IL-18、IFN-γ、LYS水平最高且差异极显著（P〈0.01）。小尾寒羊IL-18、IFN-γ水平最低且差异极显著（P〈0.01）。说明不同种群绵羊、山羊的先天性免疫水平存在显著差异,为以后抗病育种提供合理的试验数据。  相似文献   

12.
为了探究藏山羊ATP6和Cytb是否具有潜在的高海拔适应性突变，本研究利用藏山羊（n=157，来自西藏地区的8个群体，海拔高度>3 500 m）与低海拔山羊（n=104，来自欧亚大陆50个群体，海拔高度<1 000 m）两组261条ATP6和Cytb序列，对核苷酸组成、遗传多样性、单倍型网络以及基因突变对蛋白结构域功能影响进行比较分析。结果，在ATP6和Cytb中分别鉴定出33和67个单核苷酸多态性位点（SNPs），其中错义突变均为6个。值得注意的是，ATP6 m.8102A>G（Ile→Met；P=0.000 6）和Cytb m.14794A>G（Thr→Ala；P=0.007 7）是低海拔山羊群体特有的错义突变，由此形成的单倍体H27和Ha36与高原适应性呈显著负相关（H27，P=0.007 0；Ha36，P=0.012 3）。进一步分析推测，这两个突变阻碍了质子跨膜的正常功能，并影响了质子或电子在OXPHOS中的转移，从而导致了低海拔山羊和藏山羊之间呼吸作用效率的差异。本研究通过对线粒体ATP6和Cytb基因编码区多态性到功能的相关分析，初步推测了藏山羊高海拔低氧适应性机制，为高原适应性相关研究提供了一定的见解。  相似文献   

13.
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14.
本研究采用候选基因法对与繁殖性能有关的遗传标记进行筛选,旨在为山羊高产仔数的标记辅助选择提供确切的遗传依据。参考牛的促性腺激素释放激素受体(Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor,GnRHR)基因序列设计4对引物,采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术检测GnRHR基因在波尔山羊以及我国西南地区9个地方山羊品种中的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP),同时在川东白山羊、古蔺马羊和贵州白山羊3个群体中研究该基因多态性与山羊产仔数之间的相关性。结果显示,4对引物中只有引物P1扩增片段检测出多态性。对于P1的扩增片段,在不同的山羊品种中检测到AA、GG和AG 3种基因型,测序分析表明GG与AA型相比有一处单碱基突变(154G→A)。AA基因型个体在3个群体中产羔数最小二乘均值都显著高于GG和AG基因型个体(P<0.05),GA基因型个体在古蔺马羊中的产羔数显著高于GG型个体(P<0.05),而在其它2个品种中差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究结果初步表明山羊GnRHR基因的突变与其繁殖性能有关,可能是影响山羊繁殖率的一个因素。  相似文献   

15.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism identification in the caprine myostatin gene   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of MSTN gene amplified from 35 goats representing 17 Chinese indigenous goat breeds and five imported goat breeds were sequenced to identify the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a 379‐bp fragment including part of intron 2 and exon 3 of MSTN gene. A total of eight SNPs (A1980G, G1981C, A1982G, G1984T, A2121G, T2124C, G2174A and A2246G) were identified among the sequenced goats. The SNPs found are all located in intron 2 except for A2246G, which was a synonymous mutation in exon 3. Four haplotypes were sorted from these eight SNPs, of which, haplotype I (AGAGATGA) and haplotype II (GCGTGTAA) are the two main haplotypes with the frequency of 77.8% and 14.8% respectively. The SNPs found at positions 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984 and 2121 might be linked to inheritance completely.  相似文献   

16.
Phylogenetic relationships among and genetic variability within 60 goats from two different indigenous breeds in Narok and Isiolo counties in Kenya and 22 published goat samples were analysed using mitochondrial control region sequences. The results showed that there were 54 polymorphic sites in a 481‐bp sequence and 29 haplotypes were determined. The mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.981 ± 0.006 and 0.019 ± 0.001, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis in combination with goat haplogroup reference sequences from GenBank showed that all goat sequences were clustered into two haplogroups (A and G), of which haplogroup A was the commonest in the two populations. A very high percentage (99.90%) of the genetic variation was distributed within the regions, and a smaller percentage (0.10%) distributed among regions as revealed by the analysis of molecular variance (amova ). This amova results showed that the divergence between regions was not statistically significant. We concluded that the high levels of intrapopulation diversity in Isiolo and Narok goats and the weak phylogeographic structuring suggested that there existed strong gene flow among goat populations probably caused by extensive transportation of goats in history.  相似文献   

17.
In the last decades, several endangered breeds of livestock species have been re‐established effectively. However, the successful revival of the Dutch and Danish Landrace goats involved crossing with exotic breeds and the ancestry of the current populations is therefore not clear. We have generated genotypes for 27 FAO‐recommended microsatellites of these landraces and three phenotypically similar Nordic‐type landraces and compared these breeds with central European, Mediterranean and south‐west Asian goats. We found decreasing levels of genetic diversity with increasing distance from the south‐west Asian domestication site with a south‐east‐to‐north‐west cline that is clearly steeper than the Mediterranean east‐to‐west cline. In terms of genetic diversity, the Dutch Landrace comes next to the isolated Icelandic breed, which has an extremely low diversity. The Norwegian coastal goat and the Finnish and Icelandic landraces are clearly related. It appears that by a combination of mixed origin and a population bottleneck, the Dutch and Danish Land‐races are separated from the other breeds. However, the current Dutch and Danish populations with the multicoloured and long‐horned appearance effectively substitute for the original breed, illustrating that for conservation of cultural heritage, the phenotype of a breed is more relevant than pure ancestry and the genetic diversity of the original breed. More in general, we propose that for conservation, the retention of genetic diversity of an original breed and of the visual phenotype by which the breed is recognized and defined needs to be considered separately.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of domestic goat in China. For this purpose, we determined the sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in 72 individuals of the Yangtze River delta white goat, and reanalysed 723 published samples from 31 breeds/populations across China. All goat haplotypes were classified into four haplogroups (A–D) previously described. The phylogenetic pattern that emerged from the mtDNA control region sequence was confirmed by the analysis of the entire cytochrome b sequence of eight goats representative of the four haplogroups. It appeared that in Chinese domestic goat, haplogroups A and B were dominant and distributed in nearly all breeds/populations, while haplogroups C and D were only found in seven breeds/populations. Four breeds/populations contained all four haplogroups. When grouping the breeds/populations into five geographic groups based on their geographic distributions and ecological conditions, the southern pasturing area had the highest diversity whereas the northern farming area had the lowest diversity. 84.29% and 11.37% of the genetic variation were distributed within breeds and among breeds within the ecologically geographical areas, respectively; only 4% of genetic variation was observed among the five geographic areas. We speculate that the traditional seasonal pastoralism, the annual long-distance migrations that occurred in the past, and the commercial trade would account for the observed pattern by having favoured gene flows.  相似文献   

20.
黄河下游同域山羊种群mtDNA D-环多态性及系统发育   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
对黄河下游7个山羊种群共59个个体的mtDNA D-环533 bp序列进行分析,发现59个多态位点,其中单一多态位点21个,简约信息位点38个,分别占全序列的11.7%、3.94%和7.13%。确定了37种单倍型,崂山奶山羊1个个体还发现了1处5碱基的缺失。各群体单倍型多样度为0.785 7~0.969 7,核苷酸多样度为1.27%~1.73%,遗传多样性较丰富。构建系统发育树将37种单倍型分为2个分支,由此推断黄河下游山羊资源至少具有2个母系起源,角猾羊与A类型聚为1支,7个群体具有角猾羊起源,未发现捻角山羊对7个群体有贡献的证据。错配分析表明,A类型经历过群体扩张,B类型未经历过群体扩张。并通过遗传距离分析了各群体的遗传分化。  相似文献   

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