共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 750 毫秒
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苹果害螨主要包括山楂红蜘蛛(Tetranychus viennsis)、苹果全爪螨(Panonychus ulmi)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia redikorzeui)3种,属蛛形纲、蜱螨目,分属叶螨科和苔螨科.3种害螨发生的主次种类在不同时期有所变化,我市目前以山楂红蜘蛛分布最广,为害较重,苹果全爪螨发生及为害程度亦有逐年加重的趋势,苜蓿苔螨数量逐年减少,仅局部地区发生.依据我所近几年对山楂红蜘蛛和苹果全爪螨的系统调查研究和防治试验、示范结果本文就两种苹果害螨的有关生物学及有效杀螨剂的利用问题提出如下浅见,供商榷. 相似文献
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李始叶螨Eotetranychus pruni(Oudemans),山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher和苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi(Koch)是果树上的重要害螨,可为害多种果树,常在果园内混合发生。据调查,李始叶螨近年已发展为甘肃兰州和河西地区苹果园内的优势种群。张乃鑫等(1990)认为与苹果园的施药次数有关。为了从种群内在机制上了解果树叶螨种群数量分布和演替形成的原因,作者对李始叶螨、山楂叶螨和苹果全爪螨实验种群增长的各种参数进行了测定和分析。一、材料与方法 (一)供试材料 1989年5月从果园内采集三种叶螨的成螨分开饲养,以雌成螨产 相似文献
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东方钝绥螨对苹果园两种叶螨自然控制作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了东方钝绥螨 Amblyseius orientalis 对苹果园里的苹果全爪螨 Panonychusulmi 和山楂叶螨 Tetranychus viennensis 的自然控制效果。在全年不喷杀螨杀虫剂的情况下,按照与苹果全爪螨成若螨1:57—73比例释放东方钝绥螨获全年叶片受害程度为5.5±3.1%,每叶有苹果全爪螨成螨0.3±0.2头、山楂叶螨0.1±0.2头和东方钝绥螨0.3±0.2头,相对防治效果为93.4%。还报导了东方钝绥螨和苹果全爪螨田间种群数量自然消长动态。 相似文献
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植绥螨的培养与释放防治害螨的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
植绥螨的培养与释放防治害螨的研究羊战鹰吴伟南（广东省昆虫研究所广州５１０２６０）近四十年来化学农药种类的激增及广泛使用,剌吸式口器的害虫已上升为主要害虫。如为害柑桔的全爪螨和柑桔瘿螨;为害苹果、梨、杏的榆全爪螨和山楂叶螨;为害棉花的朱砂叶螨等。受螨害... 相似文献
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橘全爪螨有螨叶率防治指标的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
橘全爪螨 (ＰａｎｏｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｔｒｉＭｃｇｒｅｇｏｒ)是为害柑橘的一种主要害虫 ,常因防治不及时而造成减产和品质下降。如何快速准确地实施虫情调查监测 ,适时指导药剂防治 ,是橘全爪螨综合治理的一个重要环节。但由于国内现有关于橘全爪螨防治指标的研究均以平均每叶头数来度量 ,而在实际调查时又因其个体小 ,数量多 ,使得计数工作非常繁琐 ,在防治实践中难以推行。为简化橘全爪螨的调查方法 ,根据大量的田间调查资料 ,力图建立起橘全爪螨平均每叶头数与有螨叶率之间的回归模型 ,使得橘全爪螨的种群监测可以通过调查有螨叶率来实… 相似文献
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苹果全爪螨是重要的蔷薇科果树害虫之一, 具有体型小、繁殖快、世代周期短等生物学特点。该螨以若螨和成螨取食苹果叶片和嫩芽, 影响果树生长发育, 造成果实品质和产量下降, 自20世纪60年代开始其在我国果园的发生逐年加重。国内外对苹果全爪螨的防治主要采用化学杀螨剂, 由于化学杀螨剂长期不规范的使用, 致使该螨对多种类型的化学杀螨剂产生了抗药性。本文总结了苹果全爪螨的发生、为害、抗药性现状及其抗性机理, 同时结合国内外苹果全爪螨抗药性和防治相关研究, 提出该螨抗药性治理策略, 以期为其防治提供参考。 相似文献
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本研究利用了北京近郊自1977年来9年的资料,取每年5月份月平均气温(℃)和月平均降水量(mm)作为预报因子,6月份苹果全爪螨种群发生的第一个大高峰日为预报对象组建模糊预报模型。其预报结果用于指导对叶螨的防治。近两年来的应用表明,测报结果与实查结果相吻合。同时还表明,在该叶螨与山楂叶螨混合发生情况下,可根据各自种群第一个大高峰日出现的时间关系,指导对山楂叶螨的防治。 相似文献
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应用伪钝绥螨防治苹果全爪螨初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
伪钝绥螨是叶螨的有效天敌,1986年引入天水,1987、1988年在苹果园进行了释放试验,6月中、下旬按1:50的益害比释放于苹果树上,结果表明经过35～40天,苹果全爪螨从峰期(1987、7、31)7.79头/叶和(19888、2)21.84头/叶开始减退,至50～60天,分别减退为1.76头/叶和1.90头/叶,而对照树分别为19.43头/叶(8、20)和44.15头/叶(8、2)。该螨对苹果全爪螨越冬卵的控制效果明显,释放树平均一年生枝条单枝含卵量为15.95粒,化防树为93.64粒。 相似文献
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R. RABBINGE 《EPPO Bulletin》1979,9(3):273-280
Population models of fruit tree red spider mite and predatory mite are given, which are used to explain the regulation of spider mites by predatory mites and may be used to manage spider mite systems in apple orchards. The models are based on extensive experimental knowledge of the bionomics of prey and predator. A detailed analysis of the prey–predator relations on the individual level paved the way for the development of prey–predator models on the population level. These models, based on the state variable approach, simulate the population fluctuations: of prey and predator in dependence of the changing abiotic factors during the season using time steps of a quarter of an hour and trace all state variables, as the number of eggs, larvae, adult females and gut content of the adult female predator. Verification of the models at different levels of integration showed good agreement between model output and the results of independent experiments, and this enabled a sensitivity analysis with the model. This sensitivity analysis showed the relative importance of different factors, so that management strategies to achieve tolerable prey–predator levels throughout the year may be developed. 相似文献
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The species composition and seasonal cycle ofTetranychus urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite) andEotetranychus uncatus Garman (garman spider mite; the two species were evaluated together),Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) (hawthom red spider nite),Panonychus ulni (Koch) (European red mite),Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) (brown mite) (Acari Tetranychidae),Cenopalpus pulcher Can and Fanz. (flat scarlet mite) (Tenuipalpidae) and their natural enemies (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae family members)
were compared in two apple orchards during the years 2000 to 2002 in Tokat, Turkey. One orchard was pesticide-free, and the
other was sprayed. Surveys were carried out once a week from April to November and the differences in the dominant species
of spider mites and phytoseiid mites between the two orchards were recorded. In the sprayed orchard, the dominant phytophagous
mites wereA. vienensis andP. ulmi whereas in the unsprayed orchardE uncatus andC pulcher were abundant. It was found that the predatory mites were able to control spider mites in the unsprayed orchard, but the
population level was not adequate to control them in the sprayed orchard, presumably due to the excessive use of pesticides. 相似文献
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本试验利用玻璃房中盆栽棉花,研究了硃砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)为害对棉花生理活动的影响。试验结果显示,螨害棉株生理活动发生了很大变化。螨害棉叶叶绿素含量减少,气孔阻力增大,蒸腾强度减弱,导致光合作用强度的降低。受害棉叶还表现细胞膜透性的增加,过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱都发生了变化。棉叶氨基酸总量和可溶性蛋白质含量随为害程度的增加而减少。所测17种氨基酸,多数含量减少,以谷氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸减少量最多,但半胱氨酸含量积累增加。故此可以认为螨害影响了棉叶有机氮正常合成和分解的过程。 相似文献
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J.V. CROSS 《Plant pathology》1984,33(3):417-423
During 1980 and 1981, a large-scale trial of the biological control of two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae Koch) on protected strawbenies, using the predatory'mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, was done in 52 'walk-in' plastic tunnels on a commercial nursery in southern England. Introductions of predatory mites in March or early April at a rate of one per plant were consistently successful. In 1980, when predators had not been introduced the previous year (so enabling large numbers of spider mites to overwinter) peak mite populations were large, causing slight foliar damage in some tunnels before control was achieved. In 1981, only a small residual population of spider mites had survived from the previous year and peak numbers were small; the crop appeared healthy and there was no visible damage by mites. For jdequate control, reintroduction of predators was found to be necessary when CTops were replanted in the summer following soil cultivation and sterilization with methyl bromide.
A population assessment method for two-spotted spider mite based on counting aggregations of the mites was devised. The mean number of spider mites (all stages) per leaf was found to be approximately the same as the number of leaves with five or more mites present in a 25-leaf sample. 相似文献
A population assessment method for two-spotted spider mite based on counting aggregations of the mites was devised. The mean number of spider mites (all stages) per leaf was found to be approximately the same as the number of leaves with five or more mites present in a 25-leaf sample. 相似文献
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棉叶螨危害对棉花生理和产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
棉叶螨危害致使棉花生理和代谢发生紊乱是造成棉花减产的内在原因。1984—1985年,作者采用人工接螨和控制螨量的方法,任其自然繁殖28天,使各处理株间出现螨量和被害指数梯度,然后测定各处理株主要生理参数及其产量。结果表明,当全株每叶初接螨量在5头以上、螨群最高繁殖量高于35头时,处理株比对照株组织水势增高13.11—34.31％;叶绿素含量减少39.60—62.50％;光合强度减弱23.47—89.29％;过氧化氢酶活性降低22.79—48.04％;呼吸强度变化差异不显著。棉叶中可溶性糖、全氮、全磷损失显著,营养恶化。单株籽棉重降低35.18—45.10％,平均铃重降低24.34—35.53％。据此,确定棉叶螨防治标准为全株平均每叶螨量20头。 相似文献