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饲料中蛋白质和醣的含量对青鱼鱼种生长的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文讨论了饲料中蛋白质和醣含量对青鱼鱼种生长的影响。试验饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、鱼肝油、羧甲基纤维素粉(CMC)、无机盐混合剂和适量的维生素组成。用于试验的青鱼鱼种的平均体重为37．12—48．32克，试验期间的水温为24—34℃，试验得到的数据，经统计分析表明，青鱼鱼种饲料的最适蛋白质含量为29．54—40．85％。饲料中蛋白质和醣含量之间存在着明显的交互作用，当蛋白质含量为37—43．3％，醣含量为9．5—18．6％时，青鱼鱼种生长最快。饲料的蛋白质含量对鱼体的蛋白质、脂肪和醣含量有一定影响，肝脏中蛋白质含量也受到饲料蛋白质含量的影响，肝醣含量则随饲料醣含量的增加而增加。饲料中蛋白质和醣的含量会影响青鱼鱼种的消化率，当饲料中蛋白质处于最适量而醣含量在30％以下时，鱼的蛋白质消化率大致为92％左右，醣含量过高将对蛋白质的消化率产生影响。饲料的组成对青鱼鱼种的血红蛋白含量影响不大。 相似文献
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用酪蛋白和明胶作为饲料蛋白源，配以豆油、糊精和纤维素粉及适量的维生素和矿物混合剂组成精制试验饲料。将其调制成五个蛋白水平，每个蛋白水平分别包括五个能量级，以青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)鱼种为试验对象，经过60天的喂养试验，用净增率、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数等作为评定指标。结果表明：青鱼鱼种配合饲料中的蛋白质含量为35～40％；饲料能量蛋白比(即C／P值)为9．1千卡／克蛋白；每公斤饲料的总能量为3185～3640千卡是最为适宜的。上述这些数据是制定应用饲料配方的主要理论依据。试验还发现，青鱼鱼种对糊精之类的碳水化合物具有较大的利用能力；试验证明：可利用的碳水化合物具有较好的节约饲料蛋白的作用。 相似文献
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青鱼配合饲料中可消化能需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以精制配合饲料投喂青鱼夏花鱼种,饲料中醣含量为30%固定值,改变蛋白质和脂肪含量,设计一个两因素、三水平的正交试验,研究青鱼配合饲料的可消化能(digestible energy)最适需要量。结果得出,每公斤饲料可消化能为3560～3911千卡,饲料可消化能量·蛋白比(DE/P)为9.77～11.8千卡/克蛋白最适宜;试验还证明,适当提高饲料中脂肪的含量,可获得节约饲料蛋白质的效果。 相似文献
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饲料脂肪水平对长吻鱼危生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过添加鱼油配制５种不同脂肪含量的饲料,以测定脂肪水平对长吻鱼危鱼种（平均体重１０ｇ）生长的影响。鱼油添加量按３％递增,范围为０～１２％,饲料脂肪含量为５％～１８％,蛋白质含量４５０％。结果显示,饲料脂肪水平对长吻鱼危鱼种的生长和饲料利用率有显著的影响,饲料脂肪水平在１５％～１８％时长吻鱼危生长率高,饵料系数低。说明了适当高的脂肪含量能够促进长吻鱼危鱼种的生长,并提高饲料效率。 相似文献
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饲料脂肪水平对长吻Wei生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过添加鱼油配制５种不同脂肪含量的饲料,以测定脂肪水平对长吻Ｗｅｉ鱼种生长的影响。鱼油加量按３％递增,范围为０－１２％,饲料脂肪含量为５％－１８％,蛋白含量４５．０％。 相似文献
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甲鱼对蛋白质、脂肪、糖及钙磷的适宜需求量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以鱼粉、小麦粉和豆饼制成基础饲料，分别添加酪蛋白、豆油、α－淀粉调节各组饵料中的蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的含量，以磷酸盐和碳酸钙调节钙磷比及钙磷总量，研究饲料中的蛋白质、脂肪、糖类和钙磷对于甲鱼生长的影响。试验分两部分进行，试验Ⅰ以正交表Ｌ９（３４）设计，研究蛋白质、脂肪、糖类和钙磷比四因素三水平对于成甲鱼的增重率和成活率的影响，并初步探讨了甲鱼对这四种因素的适宜需求量。试验Ⅱ是在正交试验的基础上，采用单因素梯度法，进一步研究了蛋白质、脂肪及钙磷在饲料中的适宜含量。试验结果表明，体重为１０１．８８±３．４６ｇ的甲鱼对蛋白质的适宜需求量为４７．５０％，脂肪为８．０５％，糖类为１８．２４％，钙磷比为１．５１：１，幼甲鱼（体重为１８．１９±０．６７ｇ）对钙磷总量的适宜需求量为４．２３％（其中钙为２．５４％，磷为１．６９％）。饲料中各种营养素对于甲鱼的影响效果是不同的，对于成甲鱼的增重，脂肪为主要因素，其次为蛋白质。但二者相差不大，再次为糖类，钙磷比的影响最小；对于成活率，影响最大的是脂肪，其次为蛋白质和钙磷比，糖类的影响最小。设计配方时要优先考虑脂肪和蛋白质。另外，研究钙磷需求时发现，钙磷含量高于适宜含量，成活率显 相似文献
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中华鲟幼鱼饲料营养素适宜含量的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
用蛋白质梯度饲养法测定蛋白质适宜含量范围,以增重率为指标,采用直线和抛物线回归,计算得出幼鲟饲料蛋白质适宜需要量为３５ ．４１ ％ ～４９ ．０９ ％ ;用正交试验法,以生长比速、蛋白质效率和饲料系数为评价指标,筛选幼鲟最适生长的饲料营养素含量为：蛋白质４０ ．４１ ％ ,脂肪９ ．０６ ％ ,糖２５ ．５６ ％ ,纤维素４ ．０８ ％ 。各营养素对幼鲟的生长及蛋白质效率的影响大小为：蛋白质＞ 脂肪＞ 糖＞ 纤维素,其中蛋白质为影响生长和鱼体成份变化的主要因素（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;用脂肪梯度饲养法对正交试验结果进一步重复和验证,结果吻合。 相似文献
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在配合饲料中添加不同比例的无机盐(2％、4％、4％ 1％复合维生素、6％)等,进行1龄青鱼配合饲料添加剂的最适量的试验。经过33d的饲养对比,添加4％的无机盐和1％的复合维生素的配合饲料,其青鱼增重率、饲料系数、饲料转换率分别为112．74％、0．79,126．65％,最适于1龄青鱼鱼种的摄食和生长。 相似文献
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High‐energy feeds, with increased fat concentrations, are often used in salmon farming to improve feed:gain ratio. However, fish are thought to regulate ingestion to meet their energy and nutrient intake requirements. Further, feeds with excessive fat content will lead to increased adiposity, which is thought to exert a negative feedback on feed intake via lipostatic regulation mechanisms. A test of the lipostatic model of feed intake regulation was carried out on juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. (c. 165 g) in which body fat content (5.6% and 9.4% body fat) had been manipulated by feeding feeds with different fat concentrations. Thereafter, the fish were offered the high‐ and low‐fat feeds (15.6% and 26.5% dietary fat content) simultaneously, and our hypothesis was that feed preference and intake would reflect the state of fat storage. Thus, we predicted that, when given a choice of feeds, the lean fish would eat more, and that the body fat status of the groups would converge over time. The results indicated a general preference for the leaner feed irrespective of adiposity level, but leaner fish consumed more feed, grew faster and deposited more body fat than their fatter counterparts. Over time, body compositions converged among treatments, and differences in feed intake ablated. These findings seem to provide supportive evidence for a lipostatic regulation of feed intake in fish. 相似文献
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Production of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. utilizes feeds with high fat concentrations to give low feed:gain. However, increased dietary fat content inevitably leads to increased body fat deposition, and salmon with very high fat concentrations in the muscle (fillet) are regarded as being of inferior quality. Adiposity is thought to participate in the regulation of feed intake by means of negative feedback control. Thus, elevated adiposity is predicted to result in lower feed consumption, and thereby possibly impair growth. We tested the hypothesis that high body fat content in salmon would lead to reduced feed intake and growth. Salmon (740 g) were preconditioned with high‐ or low‐fat feed (38.8 and 27.8% dietary fat content) for 10 weeks to establish differences in body fat storage (build‐up phase). Thereafter, fat and lean fish (19.4% and 16.7% body fat content) were fed the high‐ and low‐fat feeds for an additional 7 weeks (Phase Two). During Phase Two, the fat fish consumed 30% less feed than lean fish, which resulted in corresponding differences in growth. The differences in adiposity seen at the end of the build‐up phase were still evident at trial end. Groups of fish, which were preconditioned with the same feed during the build‐up phase, had similar feed consumption and growth to each other during Phase Two, indicating that body fat was playing an important role in the regulation of feed intake. 相似文献
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The long‐term adipose homeostasis seen in mammals gives rise to a ‘lipostatic’ model in which signals produced in proportion to fat stores serve to regulate energy intake. An extension of this predicts an impact of these signals on growth; downregulation of feeding in animals with increased adiposity should result in reduced growth. This was tested by monitoring fat deposition and growth in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. provided with feeds that differed in fat content. Salmon parr (mass c. 20 g) were fed either high‐ (H: 34%) or low‐fat (L: 22%) feeds, based on either fish (F) or vegetable (V) oils for 6 months to create groups of fish that differed in adiposity (10–12% and 5–7% body fat) at parr–smolt transformation (mass c. 130 g). Fish fed the high‐fat feeds deposited more body fat, and this was confirmed by measurement of fat concentrations in the fillet, viscera and remaining carcass. The fish were then grown‐on in sea water (c. 35 g L?1, 8 °C, 24L:0D) for 14 weeks while being fed either high‐ or low‐fat feed formulated with fish oil to give the following treatments: HF→ H, HF→ L, LF→ L, LF→ H, HV→ H, HV→ L, LV→ L, LV→ H. Although fish exposed to the various feed treatments did not differ markedly in growth rate (SGR range 1–1.14% day?1) over the 14 weeks of rearing in sea water, the results were in general agreement with predictions from the ‘lipostatic’ model, i.e. fish with the greatest fat reserves after the parr–smolt transformation grew more slowly than fish that were ‘leaner’ at this time. This suggests that adiposity, or ‘fatness’, may exert a negative feedback on feeding in salmon, thereby having an influence upon growth. 相似文献
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Edwin H. Robinson JamesA. Steeby J. Robert Brent 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(4):256-260
Two 7 day feeding trials were conducted with channel catfish swim-up fry to evaluate growth, feed conversion ratio, and body composition of fish fed one of the following feeds: salmon starter, catfish starter, or trout starter. Fish fed the salmon or trout starter feeds gained 50–75% more weight, converted feed more efficiently, and had higher body fat stores than fish fed the catfish starter feed. This may be related to the higher protein and energy content of these two feeds. It may be advantageous to feed salmonid starter feeds to hatchery reared catfish fry; however, it is not known whether or not the improved performance observed in the hatchery continues once the fish are stocked into nursery and grow out ponds. 相似文献
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Abstract.— We investigated the use of the halophyte salicornia Sulicornia bigelovii as a replacement for fish meal in feeds containing 35% crude protein for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus . Five isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets were formulated with salicornia meal to replace 0%. 20%. 40%. 60%. and 80% of the fish meal in the feed. Another diet was formulated entirely from salicornia meal. Diets were fed to three replicate groups of tilapia fingerlings (mean initial weight = 0.5 g/fish) for 6 wk in 40-L aquaria supplied with 22 C well water. Tilapia growth did not differ ( P < 0.05) for fish fed diets in which 0%. 20%. or 40% of the fish meal in the diet was replaced with salicornia meal. Weight gain was reduced when fish were fed diets with higher levels of salicornia meal, and growth was slowest for fish fed diets formulated entirely from salicornia meal. Body fat was reduced and body moisture content was increased ( P < 0.05) for fish fed diets in which more than 80% of the fish meal was replaced with salicornia meal. We conclude that salicornia meal can replace up to 40% of the fish meal in O. niloticus feeds without affecting growth or body composition. 相似文献
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Two, 42‐day feeding experiments were carried out in aquaria working in a recirculation system, to determine the influence of the different dietary fat levels and fat sources on the growth and body composition of pikeperch fingerlings. In the first experiment three levels of dietary fat (F0: 60; F1: 120; F2: 180 g kg?1) were tested, compared with a commercial diet (Trouvit, 240 g kg?1 fat content). F1 and F2 were formulated by adding fish oil. Best growing and feed conversion ratio was obtained with the commercial control diet, which produced also the highest total body fat (117 g kg?1) while respective values of fish fed on the other three diets varied between 74.1 and 85.1 g kg?1. Different feeds had no significant differences in crude protein content of the fish body. In the second test, besides feeds F0, F1 and F2, two additional feeds were formulated containing 127 g kg?1 (L1) and 178 g kg?1 (L2) crude fat (from linseed oil). Dietary fat levels and fat sources had significant effect neither on growth nor on feed conversion ratio. Chemical composition of the whole body did not change significantly due to the different feeds. Linseed oil had a decreasing effect on the sum of saturated fatty acids and increased the oleic and the α‐linoleic acid proportions in fillet. However, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportion remained constant. 相似文献
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Wild‐catch eels with low fat content are either not accepted at all or accepted as a lower‐quality and less valuable product in the global eel market. This study was undertaken with the goal of increasing the fat content of yellow shortfin eel, Anguilla australis (104 ± 11 g initial weight), captured in the wild and kept in captivity for a short period, as well as assessing their rate of growth. An 86‐d feeding trial was conducted indoors in a recirculation aquaculture system, at 25.5 ± 1.6 C. Two commercial extruded dry feeds were tested; one formulated for European eel and one not specifically intended for use on eels. Good values of specific growth rate (1.10 and 1.12%/d) and feed conversion ratio (1.01 and 1.10) were achieved with both tested feeds. At the end of the trial, eels achieved 20–22% total fat, starting from wild fish with 7% fat content. Fat quality of the fattened eel was appreciably superior (higher proportion of omega‐3 fatty acids) than the fat of eels captured in the wild. The results of this study are encouraging for the prospect of fattening yellow shortfin eels and obtaining a market‐oriented eel product. 相似文献
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The proportion of body fat in farmed fish correlates with the concentration of fat in the feed, and the fatty acid composition of the storage fat usually reflects that of the lipids in the feed. We examined the time course of changes in fatty acid compositions of fillet, viscera and carcass of Atlantic salmon post‐smolt over 14 weeks after transfer from fresh water to seawater. The fish had been fed either high‐(34%) or low‐ (22%) fat feeds based upon either fish or vegetable oils during freshwater rearing. Changes in tissue fat concentrations and fatty acid compositions were studied to assess the extent to which lipid turnover and fatty acid metabolism might contribute to temporal changes in fatty acid profiles. When given a 41% protein, 31% fat, fish oil‐based feed, the tissue fatty acid profiles of salmon fed vegetable oil‐based feeds in fresh water gradually came to resemble those of fish fed the fish oil‐based feed throughout freshwater and seawater rearing. The changes in tissue fatty acid compositions were greatest during the second half of the study, corresponding to the time at which growth rates of the fish were highest (SGRs weeks 0–6, 0.3–0.6% day?1; weeks 0–14 SGRs > 1% day?1). As the fish increased in size and body fat increased, their tissue fatty acid compositions seemed to be influenced more by deposition of fatty acids obtained from the feed than by lipid turnover and fatty acid metabolism. 相似文献
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Yan Wang Ling-Jun Kong Dominique P. Bureau 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1307-1313
The effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal (SBM) in practical feeds for cuneate drum was evaluated in an 8-week net pen trial. The cuneate drum fingerlings (initial body weight 29.8 ± 1.3 g fish− 1) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric feeds containing 39% digestible protein and 16 MJ kg− 1 digestible energy. The control feed was formulated to contain 40% herring meal, whereas in the other five feeds SBM was included at 11.3, 22.5, 33.8, 45.0 and 56.3% to replace 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences in feed intake between fish fed the control feed and feeds in which SBM replaced 20 to 80% of the fish meal, but fish fed the fish meal free feed had higher feed intake than the other treatments. Weight gain linearly declined with the decrease of fish meal level. Final body weight (FBW) of fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 20% of the fish meal did not significantly differ from fish fed the control feed. Replacing 40 to 100% of the fish meal resulted in lower FBW and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those of fish fed the control feed. Fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 60 to 100% of the fish meal had lower condition factor and hepatosomatic index than those of fish fed the control feed. No significant differences in carcass protein content was found among the treatments, but fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 60 to 100% of the fish meal had higher moisture and lower lipid content in carcass than those of fish fed the control feed. Results of the present study appear to indicate that cuneate drum has a limited ability to utilize SBM as a protein source in practical feeds. 相似文献
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《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1987,64(4):293-303
Juvenile Colossoma macropomum were fed for 56 days with six pelleted feeds which contained fish meal and blood meal as sources of animal protein in varying proportions. Blood meal can be incorporated in a diet together with fish meal but it was inadequate as the only source of animal protein for young C. macropomum. Growth rates from 1.1 to 2.5% dry weight/day were proportional to dietary crude protein levels (25–37%) while dry matter content of whole fish bodies (35-26%) was inversely proportional to growth rate. Body composition on a dry matter basis shows highest protein (53%) and lowest fat level (26%) for the fastest growing fish. 相似文献