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1.
Polygalacturonase (PG) was studied during ripening and senescence of postharvest tomatofruit at pink stage at low and normal temperature. The results showed that the PG activity increased, thendecreased during ripening and senescence of tomato. Low temperature inhibited but ethylene enhanced PGactivity. Ethylene also enhanced caimodulin content, which was dependent on Ca2+ concentration in cell.When EGTA(Ca2+ chelator), verapamil (Vp) and LaCl3 (Ca2+ channel blockers), trifluoperazine and chloro-promaize (two CaM antagonisms) were used to treat tomato fruit at green mature stage with ethylene, theycould reverse ethylene-induced increase in PG activity, but Vp, chloropromaize (CPZ), trifluoperazine(TFP) could not directly influence PG activity, which indirectly indicated that influx of Ca2+ from the ex-tracellular space including the cell wall via the Ca2+ channel localized in plasma membrane and CaM were re-quired for ethylene-induced PG activity increase and that ethylene signal transduction may be related to Ca2+- CaM messenger system. 相似文献
2.
Ca2+/CaM在壳聚糖调控不结球白菜离体叶片氨同化关键酶活性中的作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用壳聚糖(CTS)、Ca^2 、Ca^2 螯合剂(EGTA)、异博定(Vp)、LaCl3、氯丙嗪(CPZ)、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)和腺苷三磷酸(ATP)单独或混合处理不结球白菜离体叶片。结果表明,CTS、Ca^2 、DTT和ATP单独处理均能提高谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性;而EGTA、异博定、LaCl3和CPZ单独处理则使GDH和GS活性降低。CTS可以与外源Ca^2 及DTT和ATP互作促进GDH和GS活性;而在EGTA、质膜Ca^2 通道阻断剂异博定和LaCl3以及CaM拮抗剂氯丙嗪分别存在下,则降低GDH和GS的活性。说明CTS在调控氨同化关键酶GDH和GS活性时,可能有Ca^2 信号系统的参与,从而使得壳聚糖处理的不结球白菜的品质和单株鲜重有所提高。 相似文献
3.
Activities of NAD kinase(NADK)and NADP phosphatase and relationship between the two enzymes and temperature, respiration, ethylene production and trifluoperazine(TFP) were studied during ripening and senescence of strawberry and tomato frnits after harvest at 4℃and 20℃. The activity of NAD kinase in strawberry decreased slowly during first four days, then increased gradually. The NADP phosphatase activity increased at the second day, decreased the next day,then increased again. In tomato fruit, the activities of NAD kinase and NADP phosphatase increased at the second day, decreased with the ripening and senescence of the fruit. The change trend of NAD kinase and respiration in the two fruits were similar, the same were NADP phosphatase and ethylene production. TFP enhanced the activity of NAD kinase and had little effect on NADP phosphatase. Low temperature(4℃ ) activated the NAD kinase and reduced the activity of NADP phosphatase. These results indicated that the NAD kinase and NADP phosphatase were related to the ripening and senescence of strawberry and tomato fruits. The activation of NAD kinase probably postponed the ripening and senescence of the fruits. 相似文献
4.
[目的]探讨不同促控剂对草莓成花过程中Ca2+-CaM及同化物含量变化的影响。[方法]以草莓品种宝交早生的当年生子苗为试材,用10 mmol/LEGTA、5 mmol/LTFP和2μmol/LA2318(7清水为对照),对草莓植株进行叶面喷洒试验。[结果]叶片中的Ca2+含量在花芽分化始期时有一积累高峰,花序分化期再次积累成峰值;而顶芽中CaM的含量高峰与叶片Ca2+峰值同时出现或稍后。A23187处理可使植株Ca2+和CaM在花芽分化始期的高峰提前;EGTA处理使植株的Ca2+的含量下降,但CaM的含量变动规律性不大;而TFP可降低植株的CaM含量,但对植株的Ca2+影响不大。各处理植株的可溶性糖、还原糖和淀粉含量在成花前均处于高水平。植株的蛋白质含量在花序原始体出现时形成峰值,随后缓慢降低。[结论]该研究为阐明Ca2+-CaM在草莓花芽分化中的作用机制提供依据。 相似文献
5.
红果番茄果实成熟过程中类胡萝卜素含量动态变化研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
[目的]为了考察番茄果实成熟过程中类胡萝卜素的动态变化情况,丰富果实成熟过程生理生化变化的基础理论。[方法]以红果番茄为试验材料,用HPLC内标法测定了果实成熟过程中番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量的动态变化。[结果]番茄红素在绿熟期检测不到,发白期开始出现,随后随着成熟进程,开始大量形成并积累,至红熟Ⅱ期,果实中含量达到最大值。β-胡萝卜素在绿熟期果实内有少量生成,其含量在发白期略有下降,在转色期回复上升,它们的含量都在红熟Ⅱ期达到最高。叶黄素变化规律与β-胡萝卜素相同。β-胡萝卜素含量不到番茄红素含量的1/5,叶黄素含量约为番茄红素含量的1/50。[结论]番茄果实成熟过程中,其番茄红素含量逐渐增加,β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量先下降后上升,三种类胡萝卜素在果实完全成熟时含量达到最高。 相似文献
6.
普通番茄和转反义LeEIL2基因番茄不同成熟度果实研究结果表明,转反义LeEIL2基因番茄有效抑制了LeEIL2基因的表达,其果实和叶片表现出与普通番茄不同的生理特性:采后果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量受到抑制,离体叶片的伤乙烯释放量明显降低;果实中ACC合成酶与ACC氧化酶活性以及ACC含量明显下降,从而抑制了乙烯的生物合成途径,延缓了果实的成熟衰老进程。 相似文献
7.
The effects of various Ca^2 -modifying drugs on moue egg fertilization were studied.Ca^2 chelator,ethylen glycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-tetracetic acid(EGTA),and calmodulin(CaM) antagonist,trifluoperzaine (TFP),inhibited fertilization in a dose-dependent manner,whild Ca^2 channel bolcker,verspamil,did not have any effect.When intracellular Ca^2 release was blocked by 8-(N,N-diethylamino) octy 1-3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzonate(TME-8) or the Ca^2 oscillations were inhibited by an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca^2 -At-Pase,thapsigargin,the second polar body emission and pronuclear formation were significantly decreased.In contrast,inhibition of intracellular Ca^2 release via bolckage of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) production by neomycin or lithium did not affect fertilization.The results sugest that both extracellular influx,intracellular Ca^2 release and CaM activation are required for mormal fertilization.However,extracellular influx through voltage-gated Ca^2 channel and intracellular release induced by IP3 and not the only pathways for producing Ca^2 transients in moue eggs. 相似文献
8.
Changes of Reactive Oxygen Species and Related Enzymes in Mitochondria Respiratory Metabolism During the Ripening of Peach Fruit 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The fruits of peach cultivar Yuhua 3 were used as materials to investigate the changes of active oxygen and related enzymes in mitochondria respiratory metabolism during ripening of peach fruit, involving their influence on the proceeding of peach fruit senescence. The results showed that the large decrease in firmness occurred between maturity II and IV. The decrease in firmness coincided with an increase in respiratory intensity. Obvious peaks of respiratory intensity lagging to the rapid change of fruit firmness could be shown during peach ripening. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） had a cumulative process and positively correlated with respiratory intensity. During peach ripening, the content of Ca^2＋ increased, the activities of succinic dehydrogenase （SDH）, cytochrome C oxidase （CCO）, H＋-ATPase, and Ca^2＋-ATPase decreased varying in different degree at the later step of ripening. These suggested a close relationship existed between ROS metabolism and mitochondrial respiration, namely, both ROS metabolism and mitochondrial respiration probably played important roles in ripening and senescing of peach fruit. 相似文献
9.
10.
Peach fruit easily soften and have a short storage time at normal temperature. In this study, peach fruit (Prunus persica sieb et Zucc cv. Yingqing) were picked and stored at 25 and 4℃ to investigate the senescence in correlation with Ca2+- ATPase activity of microsomal membrane and lipid peroxidation during ripening and senescence. In comparison with that stored at 25℃, the fruit stored at 4℃ exhibited a higher flesh firmness, lower respiration rate, and generated the late bigger peak value of Ca2+-ATPase activity as well as maintained the higher activity of the enzyme. Meanwhile, the lower levels of super oxygen radical (O2-) production and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of membrane lipid peroxidation were observed. Sodium orthovanadate (SO) and erythrosin B (EB), as Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, could stimulate the respiration rate. The results suggested that the slower senescence rate of peach fruit was closely related to the higher peak value and longer duration of Ca2+-ATPase activity in microsomal membrane, with the slighter membrane lipid peroxidation and lower O2(-) production rate. 相似文献
11.
钙对高温下巨峰葡萄叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
【目的】分析钙对高温胁迫下葡萄叶片光合、荧光参数的影响,以探明钙在高温胁迫下对叶片光合机构的保护作用。【方法】选取高温时期,以田间生长的巨峰葡萄为试材,研究CaCl2、CaCl2+Ca2+螯合剂EGTA、CaCl2+钙调素抑制剂氯丙嗪（CPZ）预处理对高温胁迫下葡萄叶片的光合、荧光参数及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。【结果】喷施CaCl2显著提高了高温胁迫下葡萄叶片的净光合速率（Pn）,使光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）维持较高的活性,光化学猝灭系数（qP）、PSⅡ的天线转换效率（Fv’/Fm’）、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）均极显著高于对照,初始荧光（Fo）极显著小于对照,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量稍低于对照;添加抑制剂EGTA、CPZ明显抑制了光合作用,2个处理的Pn分别比钙处理的低29.4%、26.5%;其PSⅡ功能和活性也受到了显著抑制,导致叶片中MDA含量分别比钙处理高33.7%和40.2%。【结论】喷施CaCl2有效缓解了高温对葡萄叶片光合作用的抑制以及对PSⅡ系统的损害。 相似文献
12.
番茄采后成熟过程种子和果皮中脱落酸与乙烯代谢的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以番茄中杂101为材料，研究采后果实成熟过程种子和果皮中脱落酸（ABA）含量与乙烯生物合成的关系，以及外源ABA及其生物合成抑制剂（fluridone）处理对果实ABA含量和乙烯释放量的影响。结果表明：采后番茄果实成熟过程中．种子的乙烯释放量、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）含量和ABA含量均高于同时期果皮；种子和果皮中ABA和ACC含量的峰值都出现在乙烯跃变之前；ACC氧化酶（ACO）活性变化趋势与ABA含量及乙烯释放量的变化趋势相一致；外源ABA处理使果皮和种子中ABA含量显著增加，促进了果实乙烯的生成；fluridone处理则相反。以上证据表明，番茄果实中的ABA通过刺激乙烯的生成促进果实成熟，种子可能通过调控果实内ABA含量和乙烯释放量而影响果实的成熟。 相似文献
13.
钙对亚高温下番茄幼苗叶片光合的调控作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】分析不同浓度CaCl2及钙作用抑制剂EGTA(钙螯合剂)与TFP（钙调素抑制剂）对亚高温下番茄叶片光合作用及PS Ⅱ与PS Ⅰ荧光参数的影响,探讨钙对亚高温下番茄叶片光合作用的调控机制。【方法】以‘辽园多丽’番茄幼苗为试材,通过0、10、30 mg?L-1的CaCl2预处理,筛选出防止亚高温逆境障碍的适宜CaCl2浓度,进而通过喷施CaCl2及其作用抑制剂（EGTA与TFP）预处理,探讨昼间35℃亚高温下钙对番茄叶片光合作用的调控作用。【结果】不同浓度CaCl2处理均对亚高温下番茄叶片的净光合速率有提高作用,其中10 mg?L-1CaCl2处理效果最显著;CaCl2处理显著提高了亚高温逆境下叶片PS Ⅱ的最大光化学效率（FPSII）,显著提高了PS Ⅱ与PS Ⅰ的量子产量［Y(Ⅱ)与Y(I)］,提高了由于供体侧限制引起的PS I处非光化学能量耗散的量子产量［Y(ND)］,降低了由于受体侧限制引起的PS I处非光化学能量耗散的量子产量［Y(NA)］,而EGTA与TFP则起到一定负调控作用。【结论】喷施10 mg?L-1CaCl2 能够有效提高亚高温下番茄叶片光合作用,钙对于维持气孔的正常开闭及保护PSⅡ与PSⅠ活性均具有重要调控作用。 相似文献
14.
In this study, the direct effects of exterior abscisic acid （ABA） on both calcium distribution of mesophyll cells and cytosolic calcium concentration of guard cells were examined. The distribution of Ca^2＋ localization were observed with calcium antimonate precipitate-electromicroscopic-cyto-chemical methods after treated with ABA and pretreated with ethylene glycol-bis-（2-aminoethylether）-N,N,N＇,N＇-tetraacetic acid （EGTA）, verapamil （Vp）, and trifluoperazine （TFP）. The laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to measure the cytosolic calcium concentrations of guard cells under different treatments. The results showed that the cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration of mesophyll ceils was induced to increase by ABA, but to decrease in both outside cell and the vacuoles within 10 rain after treatments. The cytosolic calcium concentration of guard cells was increased gradually with the lag in treatment time. However, both EGTA and TFP could inverse those effects, indicating that the increase of cytosolic calcium induced by exterior ABA was mainly caused by calcium influx. The results also showed that calmodulin could influence both the calcium distribution of mesophyll cells and calcium concentration of guard cells. It shows that calmodulin participates in the process of ABA signal transduction, but the mechanism is not known as yet. The changes both calcium distribution of mesophyll cells and calcium concentration of guard cells further proved that the variations of cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration induced by ABA were involved in the stomatal movements of maize seedlings. 相似文献
15.
为了探讨钙信号对毛竹抗旱生理指标的影响,在水分胁迫下用EGTA、LaCl3、heparin、CPZ和CaCl2处理毛竹幼苗后,研究干旱胁迫下毛竹叶片内保护酶活性、脯氨酸、丙二醛、过氧化氢和可溶性蛋白的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,CaCl2处理明显提高了毛竹叶片保护酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA、脯氨酸和过氧化氢含量;EGTA、LaCl3、heparin和CPZ处理提高了毛竹过氧化氢含量,抑制了SOD和CAT活性的上升,破坏了脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的积累。但LaCl3和heparin处理对MDA含量的影响不大,heparin和CPZ处理对POD活性没有显著影响。这些结果暗示Ca2+/CaM信使可能主要通过调节抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白提高毛竹对干旱的适应性,且通过不同的传递路径调节以上生理指标。 相似文献
16.
以梨枣和番茄为试材,研究了2种果实在低压贮藏过程中组织内乙烯和乙烯释放量的变化。结果表明,低压可有效抑制梨枣和番茄组织内乙烯的产生,减少组织内乙烯的积累;梨枣和番茄在低压条件下的乙烯释放量低于常压;低压可推迟番茄乙烯高峰的出现,降低乙烯峰值,并且能有效延缓梨枣和番茄的成熟与衰老。 相似文献
17.
The Maturation and Senescence in Relation to Ca2+ , CaM Content and Ca2+ -ATPase Activity and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Strawberry Fruits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GUAN Jun-feng GAO Min FAN Xiu-cai GU Cai-qin LI Guang-min ZHANG Ji-shu 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2002,1(10):1151-1155
The changes in content of Ca2 + and CaM, Ca2 + -ATPase activity and active oxygen metabolism during strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv. Chunxing) fruits maturation and senescence were investigated in this study. The results showed that the soluble Ca2 + content and SOD activity in fruits tended to decline and O2.-production rate to increase, the Ca2+ -ATPase activity peaked at first and then declined during fruits maturation and senescence. There were the highest CaM content at white stage in preharvest fruits and at marked senescence stage in postharvest ones. The above biochemical changes in fruits stored at low temperature (4℃) were slower than those stored at normal temperature(25℃ ). Thus, it indicated that the stimulation of calcium messenger system and accumulation of active oxygen free radical were closely related to fruits maturation and senescence. 相似文献
18.
CaM在莴笋种子萌发中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验对钙调素在种子萌发中的作用进行研究．结果表明，莴笋的鲫瓜笋品种是一种光敏种子，在光下发芽率比黑暗中的提高150％，对光照的需求是通过钙及钙调素来实现的．当外源加入Ca2+后，即使在黑暗条件下，种子发芽率仍可达46％．钙调素的专一性抑制剂异丙嗪CPZ降低种子发芽率，但这一抑制作用又可被外源加Ca2+而逆转．因而进一步证明，莴笋这类光敏种子的荫发需要钙调素的参与，Ca2+做为第二信使，刺激CaM的合成，使种子发芽率及种子活力提高． 相似文献
19.
【目的】研究香蕉CaM在温度胁迫及香蕉果实后熟过程中的表达模式,了解CaM在增强香蕉果实对温度胁迫的适应性作用,解释CaM参与调控香蕉果实褪绿转黄的机制。【方法】通过比对NCBI数据库中已有物种的CaM氨基酸序列,设计兼并引物。采用热硼酸法,从香蕉果皮中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR与RACE方法扩增目的基因。利用DNAMAN软件和NCBI网站对CaM的氨基酸序列进行氨基酸比对和同源树分析。利用地高辛探针合成试剂盒（PCR DIG Probe Synthesis Kit）合成特异基因带有DIG标记的探针,使用Northern杂交法对MaCaM在采后香蕉果实温度胁迫及后熟中的表达规律进行分析。钙离子螯合剂EGTA及钙信号恢复处理采用香蕉果皮离体培养,采用真空渗透的方法对香蕉果皮进行试剂处理,利用色差计测定颜色h值。【结果】从香蕉果皮中克隆得到一个CaM,长648 bp,编码138个氨基酸,命名为MaCaM（登录号：HM061077）,序列分析表明,MaCaM包含4个EF-Hand钙离子结合区域,与MaCaM、OsCaM、ZmCaM、AtCaM3、TaCaM1-2等基因同源性极高。Northern杂交结果表明,热激（52℃,3 min）处理香蕉果实0.5 h后,MaCaM表达迅速增强;香蕉果实在冷害温度（7℃）下放置10 d,MaCaM在冷藏的第7-10 d表达逐渐增强,当采后香蕉果实先经热激处理再放入7℃下贮藏,MaCaM表达在第4天和第7天强于7℃处理;乙烯催熟处理诱导香蕉MaCaM表达逐渐增强;30 mmol·L-1钙离子螯合剂EGTA处理在一定程度上抑制了香蕉果实的后熟,同时也抑制了MaCaM的表达。而在EGTA处理的同时,利用30 mmol·L-1 CaCl2进行钙信号恢复处理,能一定程度地恢复香蕉果实的正常后熟,也恢复了MaCaM的表达。【结论】MaCaM能增强香蕉果实对温度胁迫的适应性;MaCaM作为一种调控因子参与了香蕉果实后熟的褪绿转黄过程。 相似文献
20.
反义ACS转基因乙烯缺陷型番茄的生理特性 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
反义 ACC合成酶 (ACS)基因番茄的采后生理性状与普通番茄不同 ,该番茄的果实和叶片乙烯以及果实呼吸强度受到抑制 ,果实乙烯释放量为 0 ,没有出现呼吸高峰 ,呼吸强度在 10～ 14 mg.kg-1.h-1之间波动 ,极显著低于对照 (高峰时为 2 4 .55mg.kg-1.h-1)。反义番茄的叶绿素降解和番茄红素的合成亦受阻 ,果实在采后和贮藏期间逐渐变为黄色或桔黄色而番茄红素的合成很少 ,到采后 30 d仅有 0 .0 4 A.g-1(fw)。乙烯催熟采后 30 d的反义番茄 ,番茄红素增加 6 0倍。反义番茄 PG酶活性在采后缓慢上升 ,到采收后的第 4 5天达到最高为 4 5.16μmol.g-1.h-1,但其活性也仅为普通番茄的一半。乙烯利催熟前后 ,反义番茄的 PG酶活性没有显著性变化 相似文献