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1.
热胁迫对大豆花荚离层细胞HSP70基因表达、能量供应及花荚脱落率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验运用Northern blot检测和生理生化分析等技术研究热胁迫对大豆(Glycine max)品种花荚离层细胞的HSP70基因表达、能量供应及花荚脱落的影响。结果显示，热胁迫能够提高所有6个供试大豆品种花荚离层细胞的HSP70基因表达水平、线粒体及其蛋白含量以及细胞色素氧化酶表达量，而不同程度地降低了所有供试品种的花荚脱落率。结果说明，大豆花荚离层细胞HSP70基因的高效表达可能是通过有效地改善花荚离层细胞的能量供应，从而达到抑制花荚脱落的目的。关键词: 大豆；热胁迫；HSP70基因；线粒体；细胞色素氧化酶；花荚脱落率 相似文献
2.
东北春大豆花荚脱落性状与SSR标记的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《土壤与作物》2014,(1)
花荚脱落是大豆生殖生长过程中的一种自我调节现象,同时也是限制大豆产量提高的主要因素之一。为了筛选与大豆花荚脱落相关的SSR标记位点,研究分别以2011年种植的104个和2012年种植的314个东北春大豆种品种组成的两个自然群体为材料,选用分布于20个连锁群的205对SSR引物对供试材料进行基因分型。利用TASSEL软件包中的GLM程序,以Q值作为协变量,进行花荚脱落性状与SSR标记的关联分析。结果显示,在供试材料中共检测到763个等位变异,每个标记有2~12个等位变异,每个标记多态性信息量为0.054~0.771。花荚脱落性状与SSR标记的关联分析表明,共有33个SSR标记位点与东北春大豆花荚脱落性状显著相关,在2011年和2012年均检测到的位点有4个,分别为B2连锁群上的Satt534、E连锁群上的Satt452、J连锁群上的Satt244以及O连锁群上的Satt478。本研究结果为选育出花荚脱落率低的东北春大豆的标记辅助育种提供了理论依据。图3,表5,参30。 相似文献
3.
为挖掘和利用超级稻沈农265(SN265)中的优异耐冷基因,找到不同遗传背景下均能稳定表达且贡献率较大的苗期耐冷数量性状基因(QTL),以SN265分别与2个籼稻品种七山占、IR30杂交衍生的2套重组自交系(RIL)群体(S1和S2)为试验材料,以低温处理下幼苗死苗率作为苗期耐冷性评价指标,同时构建2套群体的遗传连锁图谱,采用完备区间作图法进行耐冷性QTL检测及其遗传效应分析。结果表明,在2套RIL群体中共检测到4个苗期耐冷主效QTL,且苗期耐冷加性效应均来自SN265。S1群体定位到2个QTL位点,位于第5号染色体的qCTS-5.1和第6号染色体的qCTS-6,贡献率分别为47.59%、22.47%,LOD值分别为6.54、4.88;S2群体定位到2个QTL位点,分别位于第5号染色体的qCTS-5.2和第7号染色体的qCTS-7,贡献率分别为22.62%、38.48%,LOD值分别为10.00、9.81。2套群体定位的qCTS-5.1和qCTS-5.2区间基本重合,证明其可在不同的遗传背景中稳定表达。本研究结果为进一步精细定位并克隆水稻苗期耐冷主效QTL奠定了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
4.
大豆花荚期抗旱性的鉴定与综合评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
选用10个不同生态类型的大豆新品种,通过盆栽试验和大田试验,测定其与抗旱性有关的生理生化指标,如相对电导率、光合速率、叶片相对含水量等,运用灰色多维综合评估方法,以抗旱指数为参考数列,确定各项指标性状与大豆花荚期抗旱性的关系并对10个大豆品种花荚期抗旱性进行评价。结果表明,参试品种"晋大74"与构造的参考品种关联度最大,为0.8706,抗旱性最好;"晋大53"关联度为0.7278,抗旱性次之;"晋大75"关联度为0.5513,抗旱性最弱。从抗旱指数和灰色多维综合评估法两种方法可知,"晋大74"和"晋大53"的抗旱性最好,评价结果与大田生产实际相符。两种方法对大豆品种抗旱性评价的相关系数r为0.8061**,灰色多维综合评估法在大豆花荚期评价抗旱性是可靠的。 相似文献
5.
小麦穗部性状是与籽粒产量关系密切的重要农艺性状。本研究以一个由99个株系组成的来源于波兰小麦(Triticum polonicum L.)和普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品系中13杂交后代的F8重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体为实验材料,利用微卫星(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记对穗长、穗粒数和有效小穗数进行数量性状基因座(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位分析。所构建的A染色体组和B染色体组共14个连锁群的遗传连锁图谱由115个SSR标记位点组成,图谱全长822.9cM,标记间的平均遗传距离为7.16cM。采用复合区间作图法在两年的环境中检测到分布在2A、3A、3B、5B和7B染色体上的6个穗长QTL,5个穗粒数QTL和2个有效小穗数QTL,表型变异贡献率分别为9.21%～22.94%,9.18%～19.71%和11.48%～13.01%。两年中都在3A染色体上的Xbarc12～Xbarc310区间内检测到控制穗粒数的主效QTL,说明该QTL较少受环境条件的影响,是一个稳定可靠的穗粒数QTL。该QTL与最近标记的遗传距离为0.01cM,可用于小麦产量性状的分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
6.
利用复合杂交群体定位陆地棉产量性状QTL 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以共同亲本渝棉1号分别与中棉所35和贝尔斯诺杂交F1代,再次杂交得到复合杂交群体.利用6 565对SSR引物对3亲本进行多态性引物筛选,获得92对多态性引物.以多态性引物检测复合杂交群体172个单株的标记基因型,共获得96个标记位点,其中4对引物产生两个位点.构建的遗传连锁图谱包括63个标记、19个连锁群,总长656.0 cM,标记问平均距离10.4 cM,覆盖棉花基因组14.8%.利用多QTL作图方法,以复合杂交群体F2株系的产量性状鉴定结果,检测到7个产量性状QTL,即1个单株铃数(BN)、2个单铃重(BW)、1个衣分(LP)、1个单株籽棉(SC)和2个单株皮棉(LC).7个QTL分布于4条D基因组染色体,其中第19染色体分布4个QTL.同时,不同亲本之间存在产量性状QTL等位基因的差异. 相似文献
7.
普通野生稻稻米加工品质和外观品质性状QTL定位 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究利用一套以籼稻品种“特青”为遗传背景的云南元江普通野生稻（Oryza rufipogon Griff.）渗入系为材料，采用单标记回归分析和渗入片段叠代法，对出糙率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、长宽比等5个品质性状的QTL进行了分析，初步定位了16个QTL，有10个QTL来自野生稻的等位基因能改良群体的品质性状。在第5染色体RM289附近检测到了同时影响长宽比、垩白粒率QTL，来自野生稻的等位基因能增加长宽比、降低垩白粒率，贡献率也较高。在第8染色体RM152附近检测到降低垩白粒率和垩白度的QTL，其贡献率分别为14％和9%。本研究结果不仅为品质性状分子标记辅助选择提供参考，而且充分显示了利用野生稻的优异基因改良栽培稻品质性状的巨大潜力。 相似文献
8.
田间条件下控制玉米开花前后根系性状的QTL定位 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在田间原位条件下,利用根系形态差异显著的自交系掖478和武312为亲本构建的BC4F3群体,采用改进的PLABQTL软件中的复合区间作图法对抽雄期（开花前10 d）和灌浆初期（开花后15 d）玉米根系性状的变化和地上部生物量进行QTL定位。并分析其遗传机制。结果表明,花前花后对根干重、总根长、侧根长、轴根长、轴根数等根系性状共检测出27个QTL,单个QTL贡献率为52%157%,其中在染色体臂602和1004区域同时检测到控制着地上部生物量、总根长、侧根长和轴根数等性状的QTLs,两个不同生育时期检测到的共同QTL共有8个。玉米花前花后控制根系生长的QTL因生长发育阶段不同而存在着特异性,而且对地上部生物量形成有重要贡献,这为了解田间条件下根系的生长发育和进一步进行遗传改良奠定了遗传基础。 相似文献
9.
为了探索玉米株高的遗传机制,定位玉米株高的数量性状位点(QTL),本研究以玉米自交系PH4CV为轮回亲本,以郑58为供体亲本,构建BC1F3:4分离群体,在4个环境下对该群体进行玉米株高表型鉴定。表型分析结果表明,基因型之间差异极显著,且不同环境之间的株高相关性极显著,说明不同环境之间的株高变异具有共同的遗传基础。利用包含5.5万个单核苷酸多态性标记(SNPs)的基因芯片进行基因型鉴定,并结合基因型和表型数据进行全基因组关联分析。在错误发现率(FDR)为0.05时,检测到10个显著性SNPs,这些显著性SNPs主要位于第2号染色体上,-log10(P)值最大的标记为Chr2_194690794。利用线性回归模型对显著SNPs进行表型贡献率及效应分析,发现位于第2号染色体的标记Chr2_194690794效应值最大,贡献率最高,来源于PH4CV的基因型的正效应。利用BC1F5:6群体进行基因型和表型鉴定,进一步确认了标记Chr2_194690794与株高QTL的连锁关系,表明在第2号染色体上存在1个控制株高的QTL。本研究为玉米株高QTL的精细定位奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
水稻花时性状的QTL定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用早花时粳稻品种WAB368-B-2-H2-HB和晚花时粳稻品种六千辛杂交获得的F2群体284个单株作为作图群体,采用复合区间作图方法,利用117个具有多态性的SSR标记对水稻花时性状进行数量性状基因座(QTL)检测.研究结果表明,F2花时性状呈连续的正态分布,表现为由多基因控制的数量性状.共检测到4个影响花时的QTL,分别位于第1、1、10和12染色体上,增效等位基因均来自早花时亲本WAB368-B-2-H2-HB.其中位于第12染色体RM511-RM519区间的qFT-12可解释11.3％的表型变异,该位点值得进一步研究和利用. 相似文献
11.
Tingey David T. Rodecap Kent D. Lee E. Henry Hogsett William E. Gregg Jillian W. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,139(1-4):325-341
The objective of this study was to determine if theO3sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. changed withplant development. Plants exposed to charcoal-filtered airor elevated O3 throughout the study were compared tothose exposed only during the vegetative or reproductivestages. Effects of pod development on O3 sensitivitywere also examined by removing flowers from a subset ofplants. We found that plant developmental stage significantly altered O3 sensitivity. Exposures during vegetative stagescaused little foliar injury and had only a small impact on totalgrowth and yield. In contrast, exposures during pod development had a much greater effect on foliar injury, growth and yield. Pod development significantly increased O3 induced foliar injury and O3 impacts on plant growth. We suggest that thegreater O3 sensitivity during pod filling and maturation isthe consequence of reduced energy levels available for homeostatic repair processes. 相似文献
12.
人工智能在农业上的应用是目前的研究热点,在作物的高通量表型组学研究方面具有很好的应用前景。为了对种质资源和育种中间材料的表型进行精准化、智能化、高通量的采集,本研究将最新的目标检测算法和传统的图像处理方法相结合,将基于YOLOv5和图像处理的智能数据采集技术应用于菜用大豆荚型表型的识别。结果发现,该技术能够自动化、批量化地提取一张图片内单粒荚、双粒荚、三粒荚和四粒荚的个数,并获取这些豆荚的长宽数值。通过与实际的豆荚粒数进行对比发现,本研究方法的最大平均精度达98.96%以上,高于传统的深度学习分类网络;与实际的长宽数据进行对比,长宽决定系数均在95.23%以上。本研究所采取的基于深度学习的智能数据采集技术具有识别速度快、精准度高的优势,能大幅降低人工测量的时间成本和人力成本,提高品种选育的工作效率,为菜用大豆荚型的表型性状的高通量、智能化和精准化获取提供了一种新技术。 相似文献
13.
花生不同种植方式对田间土壤微环境和产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在大田条件下,采用随机区组设计了春播覆膜(CBFM)、春播露地(CBLD)、麦田套种(MT)、麦田露地(MTLD)、夏播覆膜(XBFM)和夏播露地(XBLD)6种花生种植方式。研究了不同种植方式对花生田间土壤物理性状、土壤微生物量碳、活跃微生物量、土壤呼吸及花生产量的影响。结果表明,花生不同种植方式对土壤微环境和花生产量具有明显影响。花生春播覆膜和麦田套种种植提高了土壤孔隙度、毛管和非毛管孔隙度,增加了细菌和放线菌数,降低了土壤容重和真菌数,提高了土壤微生物量碳、活跃微生物量及土壤呼吸速率,有利于土壤养分的分解和有效化;花生覆膜种植可明显增加荚果产量,春花生覆膜的增产作用大于夏花生覆膜,麦田套种的花生产量最低。因此,在一年一熟的春花生产区应以覆膜种植方式为主;在小麦花生一年两熟的花生产区,可以推广收麦后直播花生的种植方式。 相似文献
14.
叶绿素含量是研究大豆光合作用的重要生理指标,对大豆产量和品质具有重要影响,因此,进行叶绿素含量和光合功能的同步分析具有重要意义。本研究以鼓粒期大豆叶片为研究对象,对63个样本的叶绿素含量和荧光参数进行相关分析,建立回归模型,并用28个样本验证集进行验证及评价。结果表明,可变荧光与初始荧光比(Fv/Fo)、最大光化学效率(φPO)、初始时间点活性反应中心捕获的单个激子驱动除QA外的电子传递的效率(ψEO)、初始时间点用于电子传递的量子产额(φEO)、t=tFM时单位面积内电子传递的量子产额(ETO/CSM)、性能指数(PIABS)、J点相对可变荧光(VJ)7个荧光参数与叶绿素含量相关性较好,相关系数分别为0.78、0.76、0.75、0.80、0.82、0.77、-0.75。回归模型方程为y=-0.138x1+ 2.154x2+0.002x3+0.077x4+0.076(R2=0.694)(x1、x2、x3、x4和y分别为Fv/Fo、φPO、ETO/CSM、 PIABS和叶绿素含量),验证模型决定系数(R2)=0.805 8,均方根误差(RMSE)=0.293 4,预测残差(RPD)=1.773 8,该模型具有较好的预测效果,可以丰富非生物逆境胁迫下无损监测大豆叶绿素估算方法。回归和通径分析发现,ETO/CSM对叶绿素含量直接作用最大,φPO次之,Fv/Fo对叶绿素含量起直接负作用,PIABS直接作用最小,直接通径系数分别为0.706、0.382、-0.303、0.078。本研究实现了大豆叶绿素含量与光合功能的同步分析,明确了荧光参数对叶绿素含量的影响效应,可为调节栽培措施,实现大豆高产提供理论基础。 相似文献
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16.
The International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T) contains about 2000 cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) accessions. The purpose of the collection is to provide a source of genes for the genetic improvement of cacao through
breeding. In fulfilling this objective, it is imperative that this collection be evaluated to identify major sources of genes
for the genetic improvement of important agronomic–economic traits. In this study, 816 cacao accessions were evaluated for
resistance to Phytophthora pod rot (black pod disease), which causes enormous loss of yield in cocoa production throughout the world.The study identifies
promising resistant genotypes that could be exploited in cacao breeding programmes. It further compares the levels of resistance
to Phytophthora pod rot among two cacao types (wild and cultivated types), three major groups (Forastero, Trinitario and Refractario) and
11 accession groups (B, AM, CL, ICS, IMC, JA, LP, MOQ, NA, PA and TRD) . The distribution of scores for the 816 accessions
showed skewness towards the susceptible end of the disease rating scale, indicating that a large proportion (68.9%) of the
sample was susceptible (disease rating 6–8) to Phytophthora pod rot. However, 12.9% of the sample population was found to be resistant (disease rating 1–3) and 18.2% moderately resistant
(disease rating 4–5). Significant differences were observed between the wild and cultivated accessions and among the Forastero,
Refractario and Trinitario groups. Marked differences were also observed among 11 accession groups, each of which was represented
by at least 20 genotypes. Higher proportions of resistant (17.7%) and moderately resistant (22.6%) genotypes were observed
in the wild accessions than in the cultivated varieties (9.4% resistant and 14.4% moderately resistant). The Forastero group,
consisting of many wild accessions, was found to contain more resistant (18.0%) and moderately resistant (23.1%) genotypes
than either the Trinitario (4.8% resistant and 13.6% moderately resistant) or Refractario (11.3% resistant and 15.4% moderately
resistant). Among 11 accession groups, the largest percentage of resistant (24.2%) and moderately resistant (28.8%) genotypes
were found in the PA (Forastero). Different accession groups had varying proportions of resistant and moderately resistant
genotypes. This is not unexpected in an out-breeding crop such as cacao with a high level of heterogeneity. This finding reinforces
the idea of a pre-breeding programme (germplasm enhancement) to accumulate resistance genes over several populations as a
strategy for improving the genetic base of resistance in national cacao breeding programmes. One hundred and five promising
resistant genotypes were identified among the 816 accessions evaluated. These accessions are potential sources of resistance
genes for the development of high-yielding resistant varieties in cacao. 相似文献
17.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):953-960
Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is an important factor for improving the tolerance to water deficit in many plants. A pot experiment was conducted to identify the effects of P application on soybean adaptability to water deficit at the R1 (initial flowering) and R4 (full pod) stages through the investigation of root morphological traits, plant P uptake and resultant yield in two soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars (Dongnong 46 and Heisheng 101). The four levels of P application were 0, 7.3, 14.6 and 29.2 mg kg?2, respectively. The three water treatments were (1) 65–75% of field water capacity (FWC) as a well-watered control, (2) 30–40% of FWC at the R1 stage, and (3) 30–40% of FWC at the R4 stage. Root traits, plant uptake of P and yield were significantly reduced by water deficiency at different growth stages, especially at the R4 stage. Application of P enabled to alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit, to increase the root dry weight, root length and root surface area, and to slow root senescence after the R5 (initial pod filling) stage. The response of soybean genotypes to both water and P deficit was different. In the absence of P application, Dongnong 46 showed relatively low adaptability to water deficit at the R4 stage, whereas Heisheng 101 showed a lower reduction of root traits and yield. The beneficial effects of P application for Dongnong 46 were more pronounced than those for Heisheng 101. Based on this experiment, we suggested that P fertilizer application to soybean may be justified in low-rainfall years because of its ability to enhance the soybean adaptability to water deficit stress by improving the root morphology, P uptake and consequently yield. 相似文献
18.
Jian Jin Guanghua Wang Xiaobing Liu Xiangwen Pan Stephen J. Herbert 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(7):953-960
Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is an important factor for improving the tolerance to water deficit in many plants. A pot experiment was conducted to identify the effects of P application on soybean adaptability to water deficit at the R1 (initial flowering) and R4 (full pod) stages through the investigation of root morphological traits, plant P uptake and resultant yield in two soybean ( Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars (Dongnong 46 and Heisheng 101). The four levels of P application were 0, 7.3, 14.6 and 29.2 mg kg−2 , respectively. The three water treatments were (1) 65–75% of field water capacity (FWC) as a well-watered control, (2) 30–40% of FWC at the R1 stage, and (3) 30–40% of FWC at the R4 stage. Root traits, plant uptake of P and yield were significantly reduced by water deficiency at different growth stages, especially at the R4 stage. Application of P enabled to alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit, to increase the root dry weight, root length and root surface area, and to slow root senescence after the R5 (initial pod filling) stage. The response of soybean genotypes to both water and P deficit was different. In the absence of P application, Dongnong 46 showed relatively low adaptability to water deficit at the R4 stage, whereas Heisheng 101 showed a lower reduction of root traits and yield. The beneficial effects of P application for Dongnong 46 were more pronounced than those for Heisheng 101. Based on this experiment, we suggested that P fertilizer application to soybean may be justified in low-rainfall years because of its ability to enhance the soybean adaptability to water deficit stress by improving the root morphology, P uptake and consequently yield. 相似文献
19.
M. Al-barzinjy O. Stølen J. L. Christiansen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):138-146
Growth, canopy structure and yield components of four selected spring-type cultivars of oilseed rape (Derby, Cyclone, Gulle and Christa) were studied in a field experiment conducted in 1993. Growth analysis was carried out by taking six samples at two-weekly intervals. Area indices of leaves, stems and pods as well as dry matter of plant components were measured. The cultivars showed two different patterns of development and were classified into two groups: old and new cultivars. The first group (Derby and Cyclone) was characterized by short plants, bearing more branches that started branching earlier and on a low position on the stem, while the second group (Gulle and Christa) were characterized by tall plants with thick stems and few branches, starting higher on the stem. Yield could not be directly related to differences in the canopy structure between old and new types. The highest yielding cultivar (Cyclone) belonged to the new category, but the second highest yielding cultivar (Gulle) was of the old type. The study of canopy structure revealed that the pods were distributed evenly on the uppermost branches of the cultivar Cyclone, while for the other cultivars most of the pods were on the main stem, especially in cultivars Gulle and Christa (old group). The cultivars differed significantly in most yield components. In addition to stem and pod development, number of branches and leaf area after anthesis were important characteristics for yield improvement. There were significant differences between cultivars in oil and protein content. 相似文献
20.
Mohammad Kazem Souri Moin Naiji Maryam Aslani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(2):215-224
Iron (Fe) has very low solubility and plant availability in calcareous soils, and this generally results in restricted plant production and low quality. During last decades, various commercial chelated fertilizers have been used in agricultural systems to meet iron requirements of crops. However, despite extensive application of these commercial chelate fertilizers, there is real doubt and high concerns regarding many aspects of their action, dynamics, efficiency, and safety in plant-soil–environment systems. In the present study, growth and quality of green bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated under foliar and soil applications of Fe-glycine chelate (iron glycine aminochelate) and commercial Fe-EDDHA chelate in a lime soil. The results showed that morphophysiological parameters were improved by the application of Fe-glycine and Fe-EDDHA treatments. Foliar application of Fe-glycine has significantly improved leaf area and Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) values compared to control and Fe-EDDHA treatments. Pod yield, shoot (but not root) dry weight, and iron concentrations in leaves and pods (but not in root) were significantly higher when plants were treated by Fe-glycine rather than Fe-EDDHA in both soil and foliar applications. Vitamin C and protein contents were significantly improved and phenolic compounds were reduced by foliar application of Fe-glycine and soil application of Fe-EDDHA. The results indicate that foliar application of Fe-glycine can significantly increase Fe concentrations and quality of beans under lime soils with restricted iron availability. 相似文献