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本试验旨在评定棉粕与豆粕的干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、粗蛋白质（CP）在绵羊瘤胃内的降解动力学参数变化及瘤胃降解前后有效赖氨酸的含量变化。选用3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的体重为（28.0±2.97）kg的育肥哈萨克公羊,代谢笼内单笼饲喂,每天饲喂棉籽壳200 g、精料500 g、小麦秸500 g,余料不超过10%。采用尼龙袋技术评定棉粕与豆粕DM、OM及CP的降解动力学参数,计算有效降解率（ED）及瘤胃停留时间（RRT）,染料结合法（DBL）测定有效赖氨酸的含量。结果表明,在瘤胃固相食糜的平均外流速度为1.84%/h条件下,豆粕DM、OM及CP的瘤胃降解率及有效降解率均高于棉粕,而瘤胃停留时间均短于棉粕。豆粕经瘤胃内培养16 h后有效赖氨酸含量略有升高,而棉粕无明显变化。该试验结果为进一步评定棉粕及豆粕养分的小肠消化率提供参考。 相似文献
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利用正交试验设计研究葡萄糖处理豆粕对奶牛过瘤胃蛋白的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法研究在不同因素下葡萄糖处理豆粕,在奶牛瘤胃内不同时间点DM、CP消失率及其有效降解率的作用效果。结果表明:在不同时间点,提高葡萄糖添加量可使DM、CP消失率逐渐降低,所有试验组与未处理组差异均显著(P0.05),葡萄糖添加量、加热温度、加热时间、含水量四个因素均对蛋白质降解率影响显著,四个因素的影响顺序为:加热温度加热时间葡萄糖添加量含水量;随着加热温度升高、加热时间的延长、葡萄糖添加量的增加,豆粕DM降解率与瘤胃蛋白降解率都逐渐下降。 相似文献
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葡萄糖处理豆粕对蛋白质保护效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法研究分别添加0、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%葡萄糖保护豆粕,对奶牛瘤胃内不同时间点DM、CP消失率及其动态降解率的作用效果。结果表明:在不同时间点下,提高葡萄糖添加量可使DM、CP消失率逐渐降低,所有试验组与未处理组差异均极显著(P<0.01),DM、CP有效降解率降低最高分别达28.78%和24.82%,不同添加量下,添加量为7%、9%的2组组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验结果证明,葡萄糖加热处理是一种有效保护豆粕蛋白质的方法,且葡萄糖的适宜添加水平为7%。 相似文献
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反刍家畜常用饲料蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率评定研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本试验探讨了常用饲料在瘤胃的降解特性及非降解饲料的小肠消化率,旨在为研究反刍动物的营养平衡和消化规律及科学配制日粮提供依据。试验选用3头装瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的肉牛,采用尼龙袋法研究反刍动物常用饲料粗蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解参数和表观小肠消化率。结果表明,在本试验中粗蛋白质降解率由低到高的顺序为:酒糟蛋白、黄玉米、羊草、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、棉粕、豆粕、花生饼、啤酒糟、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸;总氨基酸瘤胃降解率由低至高的顺序依次为:酒糟蛋白、黄玉米、羊草、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、豆粕、棉粕、啤酒糟、花生饼、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸。除花生饼、酒糟蛋白和黄玉米外,粗蛋白质和总氨基酸的有效降解率差异不显著(P>0.05)。粗蛋白质的表观小肠消化率由低至高的顺序依次为:苜蓿、羊草、米糠、小麦麸、啤酒糟、玉米胚芽饼、棉粕、菜粕、玉米、酒糟蛋白、花生饼、豆粕;总氨基酸的小肠消化率由低至高的顺序依次为:羊草、苜蓿、米糠、小麦麸、啤酒糟、玉米胚芽饼、菜粕、棉粕、花生饼、玉米、酒糟蛋白、豆粕。由此可见,不同的饲料瘤胃降解特性是不同的,并且为小肠提供的各种可吸收氨基酸潜力也是不同的。 相似文献
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甲醛处理对豆饼干物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解率及胃蛋白酶消化率的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
豆饼用２ｇ／ｋｇＤＭ甲醛处理后,１０ｈ瘤胃干物质（ＤＭ）降解率从８７．１９％下降到豆饼含水量为１４％和６０．９３％和含水量１８％时的５６．２９％,粗蛋白降解率从８７．６９％分别下降到４８．３６％和４３．４３％,随着甲醛用量的增加,干物质的粗蛋白的降解率进一步下降,但下降幅度减少。在甲醛用量低于２ｇ／ｋｇＤＭ的情况下,甲醛用量对ＰＨ为４．５时的胃蛋白酶４ｈ和８ｈ干物质和粗蛋白消化率没有明显影响,但 相似文献
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Effects of faunation and type of dietary protein on gastric solubility and liver content of copper in sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M Ivan 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(11):3028-3035
Three experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the presence of protozoa on copper (Cu) metabolism in sheep fed corn silage or corn silage supplemented with casein, fish meal or soybean meal. For each diet, eight rams were kept fauna-free; eight additional rams were faunated and housed separately from them. The faunated rams in all treatments grew faster and consumed more feed and, consequently, more Cu. However, they had a lower (P less than .01) ruminal Cu solubility and accumulated less Cu in their livers than the fauna-free rams when fed corn silage alone or in combination with soybean meal (insoluble, ruminally degraded protein). Such effects were not significant when corn silage was supplemented with fish meal (protein resistant to ruminal degradation). The presence of ciliate protozoa in the rumen had no effect on the accumulation of Cu in the liver of sheep fed corn silage supplemented with casein (soluble, ruminally degraded protein) and produced conflicting results on ruminal Cu solubility. Hence, the effect of protozoa on Cu metabolism is indirect and depends on the type of protein present in the diet. 相似文献
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以3头带瘤胃瘘管肉牛用尼龙袋法对大豆、向日葵粕、花生粕、豆粕、棉仁粕、菜籽粕、鱼粉等7种饲料的瘤胃总氨基酸降解率进行了比较研究 ,其总氨基酸的瘤胃降解率分别为74.55 % ,81.99 % ,40.69 % ,32.87 % ,41.08 % ,35.73 % ,30.60 % ;粗蛋白降解率(X)与总氨基酸降解率(Y)显著相关(Y= -1.90+1.01X(r=0.996,n=7,P<0.01)。不同时间点瘤胃降解残渣中氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例与饲料原样中氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例 ,在瘤胃降解初期相关性较好 ,随瘤胃降解时间延长相关性下降。 相似文献
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Guar meal, sunflower meal, rapeseed cake, peas, maize, rye, wheat and barley were subjected to expander treatment at different temperatures (95–150 °C), and effect on amino acid availability was assessed using rumen nylon bag and mobile bagin situ methods. Expander treatment of rapeseed cake at 142 °C decreased feed lysine content, probably due to formation of complex compounds. Effective rumen degradability and total tract digestibility of protein, total amino acids, lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were compared to values for the untreated feeds. Effective rumen degradability seemed to decrease due to expander treatment for all cereals, except maize. Effective rumen degradability for sunflower meal and rapeseed cake was unaffected by expander treatment at 115 °C, whereas expander treatment at 142 °C appeared to decreased effective rumen degradability for rapeseed meal. Total amino acid digestibility was not decreased by expander treatment. Both for untreated and heat treated feeds rumen degradability and total tract digestibility of individual amino acids were generally in agreement with results for crude protein. Observed amino acid profiles supplied by digestible rumen undegraded feed amino acids were compared to a theoretical optimal profile obtained from the literature using a χ2-index. A low index is equivalent to a high biological value. Smallest and largest index for the difference between the observed and theoretical optimal amino acid profile were obtained for peas and maize, respectively. Lysine was the first limiting amino acid for cereals, sunflower meal, expander treated (142 °C) rapeseed cake and untreated guar meal, leucine for untreated and expander treated (115 °C) rapeseed cake, and methionine for peas and expander treated guar meal. It was concluded that based on the assumed ideal amino acid profile, expander treatment only changed the first limiting amino acid for rapeseed cake and guar meal, and that although expander treatment decreased the index, and thereby improved the biological value of the intestinally digested feed amino acids, the ranking of feeds based on the index was unaffected by expander treatment. 相似文献
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不同加工处理对大豆蛋白质瘤胃降解及动态降解参数的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的肉牛,利用尼龙袋法比较研究大豆粕、膨化全脂大豆与焙烤大豆对瘤胃干物质、蛋白质降解率及瘤胃动态降解参数的影响。结果表明:与大豆粕相比,膨化全脂大豆及焙烤大豆的干物质及蛋白质的快速降解组分(a)比例显著下降(P<0.0001),慢速降解组分(b)比例显著提高(P<0.0001)。膨化能够显著降低大豆蛋白质的瘤胃降解率,进而提高蛋白质的过瘤胃比例。焙烤大豆的瘤胃干物质、蛋白质降解率显著低于大豆粕但高于膨化全脂大豆。 相似文献
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To investigate the effect of adding mannan oligosaccharide to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on the degradability of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) in rumen of sheep by nylon bags technique,6 wethers (White Suffolk♂×Small-tailed Han sheep♀) installed permanent rumen fistula were used for offering rumen fluid.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen and the two factors were the ratio of concentrate to forage (A1(20:80),A2(30:70),A3(40:60),A4(50:50)) and the dose of mannan oligosaccharide (B1 (0),B2 (0.4%),B3 (0.8%),B4 (1.2%),B5 (1.6%),B6 (2.0%)).The results showed that the rumen degradability of NDF and ADF in different times,degradation parameters and effective degradability were influenced by the factor A significantly (P< 0.05).The rumen degradability of NDF and ADF in each time of group A1 were higher than group A3 and A4 (P< 0.05).Expect for 24 h,the rumen degradability of ADF were influenced significantly by the factor B,and the rumen degradability of ADF in group B5 was higher than group B1 and B2 (P< 0.05).The rumen effective degradability of NDF in group A3 was significantly higher than groups A1 and A2 (P< 0.05), and a little higher than group A4 (P >0.05),which showed that the rumen effective degradability of NDF and ADF were higher when the ratio of concentrate to forage was 40:60. 相似文献
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选取6只安装永久瘤胃瘘管羯羊(白萨福克♂×小尾寒羊♀)为瘤胃液供试动物,采用4×6二因子析因试验设计,共设2个因子,分别为不同精粗比日粮(A1(20:80)、A2(30:70)、A3(40:60)、A4(50:50))和不同甘露寡糖添加量(B1 (0)、B2 (0.4%)、B3 (0.8%)、B4 (1.2%)、B5 (1.6%)、B6 (2.0%)),进行尼龙袋半体内试验,旨在研究不同精粗比日粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊瘤胃中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率的影响。结果表明,A因子对日粮中不同时间点NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率、降解参数及有效降解率均产生了显著影响(P< 0.05),A1处理组的NDF和ADF各个时间点(除3 h外)的瘤胃降解率均显著高于A3和A4处理组(P< 0.05);B因子对3、6、9、12、48 h的瘤胃ADF降解率均产生了显著影响(P< 0.05),其中B5处理组显著高于B1、B2处理组(P< 0.05);A3处理组的NDF有效降解率显著高于A1、A2处理组(P< 0.05),稍高于A4处理组(P >0.05)。综上所述,在精粗比为40:60时,NDF和ADF的瘤胃有效降解率处于较高水平。 相似文献
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The effect of pelleting on in situ rumen degradability of compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows 
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下载免费PDF全文 Shin‐ichi Tagawa Norio Yoshida Yukihiro Iino Ken‐ichi Horiguchi Toshiyoshi Takahashi Maria Watanabe Kei Takemura Syuhei Ito Toyoji Mikami 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):185-189
This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on in situ dry matter degradability of pelleted compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows. Mash feed of the same composition was used as a control and the in situ study was conducted using three non‐lactating Holstein steers fitted with a rumen cannula. The feeds contained 32.3% brown rice, 19.4% rapeseed meal, 11.4% wheat bran and 10.6% soybean meal (fresh weight basis). Except for moisture content, the chemical composition of the feed was not affected by pelleting. In situ dry matter disappearance of the feed increased from 0 to 2 h and after 72 h of incubation with pellet processing. Integration of the dry matter disappearance values over time revealed that degradability parameter a (soluble fraction) increased with pellet processing, whereas parameter b (potentially degradable fraction) decreased. Parameter c (fractional rate of degradation) and effective degradability (5% passage rate) were not affected by pellet processing. We concluded that pellet processing promotes rumen degradability at early incubation hours when the pelleted feed contains brown rice. 相似文献
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Zuzana Ceresnáková A Sommer Mária Chrenková Patrícia Dolesová 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(6):409-418
The crude protein content and amino acid profile of seven feedstuffs (linseed meal, maize gluten meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed meal protected, soybean meal, fullfat soybean extruded and sunflower meal) were determined before and after ruminal incubation for 16 h in three bulls with large rumen cannulas. The intestinal disappearance of amino acids was measured using mobile bag technique. Ruminal incubation affected amino acid profile of all experimental feedstuffs. Crude protein degradation varied from 29.3% for maize gluten meal to 86.4% for rapeseed meal. A tendency towards increased disappearance was observed for glutamic acid, histidine, lysine and proline and decreased disappearance for branched-chain amino acids. The intestinal crude protein digestibility was higher than > 80%, except rapeseed meal (66.4%) and sunflower meal (77.8%). The least digestible individual amino acids were methionine and isoleucine in rapeseed meal, histidine and methionine in rapeseed meal protected and arginine in sunflower meal. In general, the lowest amino acid digestibilities were found in feedstuffs with the highest fibre content. The feedstuffs show that they have different potential for supplying of limiting amino acids. Of particular value are the feedstuffs with low crude protein degradability in the rumen and high intestinal digestibility of amino acids. 相似文献
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以四头瘘管荷斯坦牛为试验动物,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,用不同水平的葡萄糖、不同的含水量、不同加热温度处理豆粕,采用尼龙袋法测定各组豆粕的瘤胃降解率,以含不同降解率的豆粕为蛋白质饲料配制成四种TMR日粮,即对照组日粮(豆粕降解率为51.94%)、高降解率豆粕日粮-HD组(豆粕降解率为40.85%)、中等降解率豆粕日粮-MD组(豆粕降解率为38.98%)、低降解率豆粕日粮-LD组(豆粕降解率为28.21%),探讨葡萄糖处理豆粕对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响。结果表明:含不同降解率豆粕的TMR日粮对奶牛瘤胃内环境有影响,随日粮中豆粕降解率的降低,瘤胃pH值增加,氨氮浓度降低,总VFA浓度下降,乙酸浓度升高,丙酸浓度降低,丁酸浓度显著降低(P0.05),乙酸∶丙酸比值有增加趋势;与对照组相比,处理组VFA组成中乙酸比例显著增加(P0.05),丙酸比例有降低趋势。 相似文献
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6种饲料原料瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究新疆地区玉米青贮、棉籽壳、苜蓿草粉、苜蓿干草、葡萄籽粕、蕃茄酱渣6种奶牛饲料原料的瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)的小肠消化率(Idg)。选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法和改进三步体外法测定饲料原料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性以及RUP的Idg和小肠可消化粗蛋白质(IDCP)含量。结果表明:1)苜蓿草粉和玉米青贮的DM有效降解率最高,显著高于次之的苜蓿干草、番茄酱渣(P0.05),葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳最低,显著低于其他原料(P0.05);CP有效降解率为番茄酱渣苜蓿草粉玉米青贮苜蓿干草棉籽壳葡萄籽粕,各原料间差异显著(P0.05);NDF有效降解率为玉米青贮苜蓿草粉棉籽壳苜蓿干草番茄酱渣葡萄籽粕,各组饲料原料间差异显著(P0.05);ADF有效降解率为玉米青贮棉籽壳苜蓿干草番茄酱渣苜蓿草粉葡萄籽粕,各组饲料原料间差异显著(P0.05)。2)苜蓿草粉RUP的Idg和IDCP含量最高,Idg显著高于依次降低的苜蓿干草、玉米青贮、番茄酱渣、葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳(P0.05),IDCP含量与苜蓿干草差异不显著(P0.05),显著高于依次降低的玉米青贮、番茄酱渣、葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳(P0.05)。综上所述,不同饲料原料具有不同的瘤胃降解特性,进入小肠IDCP的含量也不同。玉米青贮的DM、NDF和ADF在瘤胃的有效降解率较高,苜蓿草粉RUP的Idg较高,苜蓿草粉和苜蓿干草的IDCP含量较高。 相似文献