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1.
研究超高压压力100～500 MPa处理10 min和400 MPa处理0～15 min对壳青霉杀菌效果的影响,并对处理后的壳青霉进行菌落总数测定、扫描电镜观察和紫外吸收检测,探讨超高压对茶叶中分离出的壳青霉致死效果.结果表明,处理压力和处理时间是超高压致死壳青霉的显著影响因子,且处理压力和处理时间对菌落总数的影响基本符合Logistic回归方程.500 MPa以上的压力处理10 min或者400 MPa处理12 min以上可基本杀灭壳青霉;超高压处理使壳青霉菌丝和孢子细胞壁破裂,胞内物质外溢.  相似文献   

2.
灭酶方法对燕麦淀粉和蛋白质体外消化特性的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
为了解灭酶方法对燕麦淀粉和蛋白质体外消化特性的影响,采用炒制、常压蒸制和远红外烘烤三种灭酶方法处理燕麦籽粒,分析了燕麦全粉的营养成分、黏度特性及淀粉和蛋白质体外消化特性的变化。结果表明,炒制灭酶后燕麦全粉粗脂肪含量提高,而β葡聚糖和总淀粉含量降低(P<0.05);常压蒸制灭酶导致燕麦全粉中蛋白质、粗脂肪、总淀粉含量降低(P<0.05);远红外烘烤灭酶对燕麦营养成分影响不大(P>0.05)。灭酶处理后燕麦全粉的糊化温度均降低,常压蒸制和远红外烘烤提高了燕麦全粉的峰值黏度和最终黏度(P<0.05)。灭酶处理使燕麦全粉中抗性淀粉含量显著增加(P<0.05),对慢速消化淀粉的影响不大(P>0.05)。在蛋白质体外消化中,远红外烘烤后燕麦蛋白体外消化率最高,达到70.05%,而常压蒸制灭酶燕麦的蛋白质消化率最低,为62.80%。说明远红外烘烤灭酶处理对燕麦营养组分影响不大,更加有利于消化。  相似文献   

3.
《中国茶叶》2008,(3):39-39
研究结果表明，超高压处理可导致茶鲜叶细胞形态发生变化，600MPa压力下，细胞形态溃缩明显，出现细胞液溶出；在处理温度37℃、处理时间10min条件下，经500MPa以上超高压处理的茶鲜叶，多酚氧化酶比活性显著下降；  相似文献   

4.
为探究大豆苗期干旱外源褪黑素对其抗氧化性和产量的影响,以干旱敏感型大豆品种绥农26为试验材料,分析水分胁迫下叶面喷施和根施褪黑素对大豆叶片和根系抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及产量的影响。结果表明:与水分胁迫(CK)相比,施用褪黑素显著提高大豆叶片抗氧化酶活性,处理后第4天,叶面喷施和根施处理与CK相比,SOD活性在V5期分别提高6.3%和19.5%,POD、CAT活性在V1期分别提高7.5%、12.7%和5.6%、9.9%(P<0.05),MDA含量在V3期分别降低了9.4%、10.3%(P<0.05);处理后第7天,叶面喷施褪黑素与对照相比,在V1期SOD、POD、CAT活性分别提高了6.3%、9.5%、4.9%(P<0.05),而根施褪黑素处理较对照分别提高了6.9%、20.9%、11.1%(P<0.05),MDA含量叶面喷施和根施褪黑素处理与CK相比分别降低了6.9%、10.3%(P<0.05);V1、V3和V5期叶面喷施褪黑素处理的产量与CK相比分别提高了31.6%、29.8%、12.6%(P<0.05),而根施褪黑素处理的产量较对照分别提高了43.3%、31.8%、24.9%(P<0.05)。结果表明:外源褪黑素通过降低MDA含量,提高抗氧化酶活性、维持细胞水分平衡、提高大豆的抗旱能力,最终提高其产量,而且根施褪黑素效果要显著优于叶施。  相似文献   

5.
研究评价了加工工艺中0.15%茶多酚及0.05%茶多酚复合5 mmol/L柠檬酸和5 mmol/L氯化钙处理对秘鲁鱿鱼丝25℃贮藏过程中理化和感官特性的影响。结果显示,鱿鱼丝在贮藏中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、pH和还原力均显著下降(P<0.05)。鱿鱼丝L*显著降低,C*明显增加(P<0.05),表明贮藏过程中发生明显的褐变反应。鱿鱼丝中乳糖不断分解成半乳糖和葡萄糖(P<0.05),氧化三甲胺(Trimetlyamineoxde,TMAO)降解成二甲胺(Dimethyamine,DMA)和甲醛(P<0.05),特别是在贮藏的90 d。而茶多酚及复合柠檬酸和氯化钙处理能显著减少水分损失,抑制乳糖分解和TMAO降解,延缓脂肪氧化和TVB-N积累(P<0.05)。因此,茶多酚和柠檬酸复合添加剂对改善鱿鱼丝贮藏过程中的品质效果良好。  相似文献   

6.
茶多糖对肉仔鸡免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  
在AA肉鸡的饮水中分别加入0%、0.2%和0.4%的茶多糖,研究其对肉仔鸡免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验结果表明,茶多糖能显著促进肉仔鸡胸腺的生长发育(P<0.05),可以明显升高血清中免疫球蛋白IgG的含量(P<0.05),提高T-淋巴细胞数和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),增强白细胞吞噬功能(P<0.05),但对法氏囊的生长发育没有明显作用;同时,茶多糖能显著提高肉仔鸡血清中SOD活力(P<0.05)、GSH-Px活力(P<0.05)和CAT活力(P<0.05),并能明显降低血清中MDA含量(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
株行距配置对玉米根系性状及产量的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
以郑单958为材料, 采用田间试验方法, 在50 025株/hm2、67 500株/hm2、100 050株/hm2密度下分别设两种株行距配置, 探讨增密条件下调控株行距配置对玉米根系性状及产量影响。结果表明, 3个种植密度下总体表现为小行距种植方式在0～60 cm土层内的根重密度、根长密度及根表面积密度均高于大行距处理。50 025株/hm2下吐丝期时0～60 cm土层内的根重密度和根长密度在两个株行距配置间差异显著(P<0.05), 两个株行距配置的根表面积密度在10叶展、吐丝期和吐丝后25 d差异显著(P<0.05);67 500株/hm2下不同时期两个株行距配置根重密度差异显著(P<0.05), 根长密度和根表面积密度在10叶展和吐丝后25 d差异显著(P<0.05);100 050株/hm2下, 两个株行距配置间根重密度和根长密度在10叶展和吐丝后25 d差异显著(P<0.05), 不同时期根表面积密度差异显著(P< 0.05)。同一密度下缩行增株后单株木质部伤流液体积增大, 根系供应能力增强, 产量增加, 50 025株/hm2、67 500株/hm2下产量分别提高了6.76%和4.89%。不同时期0～60 cm土层内根重密度、根长密度和根表面积密度与产量呈正相关, 其中10叶展时各根系性状均与产量呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

8.
采用断乳ICR小鼠为实验动物,第一阶段小鼠分为2组,正常小鼠组(NM)与肥胖模型小鼠组(FM),建立饮食肥胖小鼠模型;第二阶段NM作为肥胖预防组,FM作为肥胖治疗组,分别灌胃大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(soybean trypsininhibitor,SBTI)。实验结束时,称体重,血液离心取得血清,测定甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TCH)等指标,研究SBTI对饮食肥胖小鼠的减肥作用。结果表明:与预防对照组相比,肥胖预防组SBTI高剂量组的体重极显著降低(P<0.01),TG和FFA显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C显著升高(P<0.05);与模型对照组相比,肥胖治疗组SBTI高剂量组的体重极显著降低(P<0.01),TG和FFA显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C显著升高(P<0.05);2组的TCH与相应对照组相比,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。因此,SBTI对饮食肥胖有一定的预防和治疗作用。  相似文献   

9.
以新鲜桑葚汁为原料,分析高压均质处理对桑葚汁中抗氧化成分(总酚、总黄酮、花色苷)及其抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,随着高压均质处理压力的增加,与桑葚原汁相比,其总酚、总黄酮和花色苷含量均降低,且经过160 MPa均质处理后降低得最为显著(p0.05),分别减少了39.91%、27.35%、24.41%。经过不同压力均质处理后的桑葚汁的ABTS、DPPH自由基清除能力和FRAP抗氧化活性与桑葚原汁相比均下降,且随着处理压力的增加,桑葚汁的ABTS、DPPH自由基清除能力和FRAP抗氧化活性逐渐降低,说明高压均质处理对桑葚汁中抗氧化成分造成了一定降解,进而影响其抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

10.
通过考察豆乳添加CaCl2后理化性质的变化,研究影响豆乳粉溶解性的因素.检测了豆乳粉的溶解性,并对豆乳中离子强度,粒子含量、大小,蛋白组成,豆乳中游离巯基及表面疏水性质变化进行了分析.结果表明:随着CaCl2浓度增加,所得豆乳粉分散性有所下降,但润湿时间极显著缩短;离子强度变化对豆乳粉溶解性未产生影响;加钙豆乳中粒子含量增加、粒径增大;而粒子的蛋白组成变化并未改变豆乳的游离巯基及表面疏水基团含量.因此,豆乳中粒子含量及粒径分布足影响豆乳粉溶解性的重要因素.  相似文献   

11.
为比较不同品种荔枝果皮酚类物质含量、组成及其抗氧化活性差异,用80%甲醇分别提取6个品种荔枝果皮中的酚类物质,测定其总酚和总黄酮含量。采用铁离子还原能力（FRAP）和自由基离子清除能力（ABTS）等方法评价其抗氧化活性。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）鉴定不同的单体酚并分析其在不同品种荔枝果皮之间的差异。结果表明,不同品种荔枝果皮的酚类物质含量为28.69~68.48 mg/g,不同品种荔枝果皮的酚类物质含量和抗氧化能力存在显著的差异（P<0.05）。酚类物质的含量、FRAP和ABTS抗氧化活性能力均以‘荔枝王’为最高,分别为68.48 mg/g、546.31 μmol/g和511.25 μmol/g。液相色谱结果鉴定出‘糯米糍’中的8种单体酚,而含量相对较高的是A型原花青素三聚体和原花青素A2。研究结果可为荔枝加工废弃物荔枝果皮的开发利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

12.
Phenolic compounds have various nutritional and functional properties, especially antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the phenolic compound accumulation, antioxidant property and gene expression during maize kernel development. In this study, we explored the effects of developmental stage on the accumulation of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities. The expression levels of genes involved in phenolic biosynthesis were also studied. The results showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) were gradually increased from 15 to 48 days after pollination (DAP), whereas the total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased continuously. The antioxidant activity of maize kernels was increased gradually and positively associated with TPC. ZmCHSs in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway played important roles for total flavonoid accumulation at both early and later development stages. The expression pattern of ZmANS corresponded to the accumulation of total anthocyanin during kernel development. These results revealed that developmental stage affected the accumulation of different phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and related gene expression. The antioxidant activity of maize kernels was dependent on the total phenolic accumulation which was related to the expression profiles of the genes participated in phenolic synthesis.  相似文献   

13.
椰子种皮油提取物的抗氧化活性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
测定椰子种皮油提取物中的总酚含量,对羟基自由基、DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基、ABTS（2,2连氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻咪唑-6-磺酸）自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力等抗氧化活性指标。结果表明,椰子种皮油提取物中含有较高的总酚含量（68 mg/g）,提取物浓度为0.1 mg/mL时对羟基自由基的清除率为56.89％,对DPPH自由基的清除率为71.0％,对ABTS自由基的清除率为96.4％,表明椰子种皮油提取物具有很好的抗氧化活性。  相似文献   

14.
Sorghum grain is rich in phenolic compounds and may be used to develop functional tea beverages. This work investigated the effect of processing techniques on the phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, and volatile compounds of a white colour sorghum (Liberty) grain tea. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and condensed tannin content were observed during the processing, whereas the antioxidant activity was not statistically enhanced. A total of 63 volatile compounds were detected including 5 alcohols, 13 alkanes, 2 aldehydes, 2 carboxylic acids, 15 esters, 4 ketones, 3 pyrazines and 1 phenylenediamine, which were affected by the processing techniques. The sorghum tea made from powder form infusion had more abundant volatile compounds compared to whole grain form infusion. The findings of this research have potential to expand human consumption of sorghum grain in the new form of grain tea.  相似文献   

15.
Intervention strategies regarding the biofortification of orange-fleshed sweet potato, which is a rich source of carotenoids for combating vitamin A deficiency, are being developed in Brazil. This study was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of individual carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in the roots of four biofortified sweet potato cultivars that were raw or processed by four common heat treatments. HPLC, Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH and ABTS assays were used. All cultivars showed high levels of carotenoids in raw roots, predominantly all-trans-β-carotene (79.1-128.5?mg.100?g(-1) DW), suggesting a high estimated vitamin A activity. The CNPH 1194 cultivar reported carotenoids values highest than those of other cultivars (p?相似文献   

16.
Avocado seed contains elevated levels of phenolic compounds and exhibits antioxidant properties. We investigated the effect of Avocado Seed Flour (ASF) on the lipid levels in mice on a hyperlipidemic diet. The concentration of phenols was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, antioxidant activity was evaluated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity method, and dietary fiber was measured using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. The LD50 of ASF was determined using Lorke’s method and hypolipidemic activity was evaluated in a hypercholesterolemic model in mice. Protocatechuic acid was the main phenolic compound found in ASF, followed by kaempferide and vanillic acid. The total phenolic content in the methanolic extract of ASF was 292.00 ± 9.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g seed dry weight and the antioxidant activity resulted in 173.3 μmol Trolox equivalents/g DW. In addition, a high content of dietary fiber was found (34.8%). The oral LD50 for ASF was 1767 mg/kg body weight, and treatment with ASF significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and prediction of the atherogenic index. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber in ASF may be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic activity of ASF in a hyperlipidemic model of mice.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of three independent variables: solvent polarity, temperature and extraction time on the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and phenolic acid composition in extracts obtained from sunflower shells before and after enzymatic treatment were studied. Response surface methodology based on three-level, three-variable Box-Behnken design was used for optimization of extraction parameters and evaluation of their effect on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in shell extracts.The average antioxidant capacities of extracts from sunflower shells without enzymatic treatment (368.1-1574.4 μmol TE/100 g) were higher than those for cellulolytic and pectolytic enzymes-treated shells (222.7-1419.0 and 270.7-1570.7 μmol TE/100 g, respectively). The content of total phenolic compounds ranged between 58.2-341.2 mg CGA/100 g, 26.7-277.3 mg CGA/100 g and 51.4-301.5 mg CGA/100 g for extracts obtained from shells without enzyme and treated with cellulolytic and pectolytic enzymes, respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC) in the studied shell extracts correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) positively with their antioxidant capacity determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method (r = 0.9275). Results of FRAP, TPC and phenolic acid composition in the studied shell extracts depend on the extraction conditions (solvent polarity, temperature, time), but they are independent on the addition of enzyme solutions. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in the resulting extracts increased with a line in extraction temperature and solvent polarity.  相似文献   

18.
In this study, the antioxidant activity and the protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage were assessed for five honeys of different botanical origin. Seven phenolic acids were detected in the honey samples. Ferulic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid detected in longan honey, jujube honey and buckwheat honey. Ellagic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid were the main phenolic acids detected in vitex honey. Of all honey samples tested, the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in buckwheat honey, whereas the lowest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in locust honey. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide induced a 62% increase in tail DNA in mice lymphocytes, and all studied honeys significantly inhibited this effect (P < 0.05). The buckwheat honey with higher antioxidant capability also exhibited super protective effect than others. Phenolic extracts of honey displayed greater protective effects than whole honey in comet assay. The hydrogen peroxide-generated increase in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was effectively inhibited by the honeys studied (P < 0.05). Moreover, a dose-effect relationship between honey concentration and its protective effect was clearly observed in this study. It can be deduced that phenolic acids of honey can penetrate into lymphocytes and protect DNA from oxidative damage by scavenging hydrogen peroxide and/or chelating ferrous ions.  相似文献   

19.
The present study evaluates variations among flaxseed varities in terms of fatty acid composition, phytochemical profile, and antioxidant activity determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Significant variations in fatty acid composition, phenolic acids and lignan were observed in flaxseed varieties from different countries. Among them, unsaturated fatty acids accounted over 4/5 of total fatty acid content. The highest ratio of linolenic acid of total fatty acid was observed in USPEA, whereas the lowest one was found in Yexiao. USPEA showed the highest content of total phenolics, as well as flaxseed lignan. In general, total phenolics appeared to be the main contributors of antioxidant capacity of flaxseed, which presented significant positive correlation. Our study revealed that both cultivar and origin of seed significantly affected fatty acid composition, phenolic acids, lignans and subsequent antioxidant activity of flaxseed. These results provided new aspects of breeding resources of flaxseed cultivars by presenting their quality specification and possible commercial value.  相似文献   

20.
本研究从全基因组水平对木薯（Manihot esculenta Crantz）苯丙氨酸解氨酶编码基因（Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL）进行鉴定,并以木薯品种KU50为材料克隆了6个PAL基因,分析了低温胁迫（7 ℃）对叶片MePAL表达模式、PAL酶活性、总酚含量、类黄酮含量和总抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：低温处理使木薯叶片迅速萎蔫卷曲,并伴随叶片PAL酶活性、总酚含量、类黄酮含量和总抗氧化能力的显著提高。Real-time PCR分析表明,在低温处理前,MePAL1和MePAL2的相对表达量分别为0.83和1.19,显著高于其他4个MePAL基因,低温处理后6个MePAL基因均不同程度受低温胁迫诱导增强表达,其中MePAL5上调最高,达50.5~142.5倍。本研究结果初步显示低温胁迫上调了木薯叶片MePAL的表达,促进了总酚和类黄酮的合成,提高了抗氧化损伤的能力。  相似文献   

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