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1.
Soil microbial community responses to Bt transgenic rice residue decomposition in a paddy field 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Haohao Lu Weixiang Wu Yingxu Chen Hailong Wang Medha Devare Janice E. Thies 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(8):1598-1605
Purpose
Genetic modifications (GM) of commercial crops offer many benefits. However, microbial-mediated decomposition might be affected by GM crop residues in agricultural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess the possible impacts of cry1Ab gene transformation of rice on soil microbial community composition associated with residue decomposition in the paddy field under intensive rice cultivation.Materials and methods
A 276-day field trial was set up as a completely randomized design for two types of rice residues, KMD (Bt) and Xiushui 11 (non-Bt parental variety) in triplicate by conventional intensive rice cropping system. The litterbag method was used in the rice residue decomposition and a total of 120 straw and root litterbags were either placed on the soil surface or buried at 10 cm depth in the field on Dec. 24, 2005. The litterbags were sampled periodically and their soil bacterial and fungal communities were determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The additive main effects with multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model were performed for the analysis of T-RFLP on binary variables of peak presence (presence/absence). The analysis of variance and linear regressions were performed for analysis of AMMI data.Results and discussion
Total AMMI model analysis revealed that microbial community composition in the litterbags was affected by temporal and spatial factors. Compared with the non-Bt rice residue treatment, Bt rice straw had no significant effects on the soil bacterial and fungal community composition during the study period, regardless of the litterbags being placed on the surface or buried in the soil. There were no significant differences in the bacterial community composition profiles in root decomposition between Bt transgenic and non-Bt varieties. However, significant differences in soil fungal community composition between the buried Bt and non-Bt rice roots were observed in soils sampled on days 31, 68, and 137, indicating that Bt roots incorporated into paddy soil may affect soil fungal community during the initial stage of their decomposition.Conclusions
There were some significant differences in fungal community composition between Bt rice root and non-Bt root treatments at the early stage of root decomposition in the paddy field. It is important that, before Bt rice is released for commercial production, more research should be conducted to evaluate the ecological effects of the Bt rice residues returned to paddy field upon grain harvesting. 相似文献2.
Purpose
Endogeic earthworms play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles due to the large amount of soil they ingest, and because after transit through their guts, casts usually show differences in nutrient contents and microbial populations with bulk soil. Here, we studied how three endogeic earthworm species, Postandrilus majorcanus, Postandrilus sapkarevi and Postandrilus palmensis, inhabiting soils in Majorca island (Balearic Islands, W Mediterranean), modify nutrient pools and microbial communities of soil.Materials and methods
To do this, we analysed C, N and P pools, microbial biomass (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFA) and microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, FDA) in paired samples of bulk soil and fresh casts.Results and discussion
The mineral and organic N contents were generally enhanced in casts produced by all three earthworm species. However, inorganic P and organic C contents were only higher in P. sapkarevi (32 %, only P) and P. majorcanus casts (100 % for both soil nutrient pools) than in bulk soil. Bacterial and fungal biomass were only higher than in bulk soil in P. majorcanus casts (65 and 100 %, respectively), but without effects on microbial activity, that was lower in P. palmensis casts (26 %). Earthworm gut transit strongly influenced the soil microbial community structure, resulting in differences between casts and soils.Conclusions
The increased nutrient mineralization (6-, 1.3- and 1.4-fold for N, C and P, respectively) in casts produced by these earthworm species is of particular importance because of the amount of casts released and the seasonal variations in earthworm activity, which may favour plant growth. 相似文献3.
Li Zhang Ao Wang Wanqin Yang Zhenfeng Xu Fuzhong Wu Bo Tan Yang Liu Lianghua Chen 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(9):2318-2328
Purpose
Soil microbes control the bioelement cycles and energy transformation in forest ecosystems, and are sensitive to environmental change. As yet, the effects of altitude and season on soil microbes remain unknown. A 560 m vertical transitional zone was selected along an altitude gradient from 3023, 3298 and 3582 m, to determine the potential effects of seasonal freeze-thaw on soil microbial community.Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected from the three elevations in the growing season (GS), onset of freezing period (FP), deeply frozen period (FPD), thawing period (TP), and later thawing period (TPL), respectively. Real-time qPCR and polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used to measure the abundance and structure of soil microbial community.Results and discussion
The bacterial, archaeal, and fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy numbers decreased from GS to freezing stage (FP and FPD) and then increased in thawing stage (TP and TPL). Similarly, the diversity of microbial community varied with seasonal freeze-thaw processes. The diversity index (H) of the bacterial and archaeal communities decreased from GS to FP and then increased to TPL. The fungal community H index increased in the freezing process.Conclusions
Our results suggested that abundance and structure of soil microbial community in the Tibetan coniferous forests varied by season and bacterial and archaeal communities respond more promptly to seasonal freeze-thaw processes relative to fungal community. This may have important implications for carbon and nutrient cycles in alpine forest ecosystems. Accordingly, future warming-induced changes in seasonal freeze-thaw patterns would affect soil nutrient cycles via altering soil microbial properties.4.
秸秆还田方式对根际固氮菌群落及花生产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
5.
Ming Li Lili Jiang Zhaojun Sun Jinzhi Wang Yichao Rui Lei Zhong Yanfen Wang Paul Kardol 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(7):1040-1053
Purpose
For an alkaline?Csaline region in Northwest China, we examined the responses of soil microbial communities to flue gas desulfurization gypsum by-products (FGDB), a new ameliorant for alkaline?Csaline soils. In 2009 and 2010, we collected soils from 0?C20?cm and 20?C40?cm depths along an experimental FGDB gradient (0, 0.74, 1.49, 2.25, and 3.00?kg FGDB m?2).Materials and methods
As a measure of microbial community composition and biomass, we analyzed phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure abundance of bacterial 16?S rRNA copy numbers. Additionally, physicochemical soil parameters were measured by common laboratory methods.Results and discussion
Microbial community composition differed along the FGDB gradient; however, the microbial parameters did not follow a linear response. We found that, in 2009, total PLFA concentrations, and concentrations of total bacterial and Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs were slightly higher at intermediate FGDB concentrations. In 2010, total PLFA concentrations, and concentrations of total bacterial, Gram-positive bacterial, Gram-negative bacterial, and fungal PLFAs as well as the fungal:bacterial PLFA ratio were highest at 1.49?kg FGDB m?2 and 3.00?kg FGDB m?2. PLFA concentrations often differed between 2009 and 2010; however, the patterns varied across the gradient and across microbial groups. For both years, PLFA concentrations were generally higher at 0?C20?cm depth than at 20?C40?cm depth. Similar results were obtained for the 16?S rRNA copy numbers of bacteria at 0?C20?cm depth. FGDB addition resulted in an increase in soil Ca2+ and NO 3 ? ?CN and a decrease in pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Shifts in PLFA-based microbial community composition and biomass could partly be explained by pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (TN), soil moisture, EC, inorganic nitrogen, C/N, and Ca2+. Indirect effects via shifts in abiotic soil properties, therefore, seem to be an important pathway through which FGDB affect soil microbial communities.Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that addition of FGDB leads to significant changes in soil physicochemical and microbial parameters. As such, addition of FGDB can have large impacts on the functioning of soil ecosystems, such as carbon and nitrogen cycling processes. 相似文献6.
Yalong Liu Ping Wang Genxing Pan David Crowley Lianqing Li Jinwei Zheng Xuhui Zhang Jufeng Zheng 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(5):1460-1471
Purpose
Rice paddy soils undergo pedogenesis driven by periodic flooding and drainage cycles that lead to accumulation of organic matter and the stratification of nutrients and oxygen in the soil profile. Here, we examined the effects of continuous rice cultivation on microbial community structures, enzyme activities, and chemical properties for paddy soils along a chronosequence representing 0–700 years of rice cropping in China.Materials and methods
Changes in the abundance and composition of bacterial and fungal communities were characterized at three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm) in relation to organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen, and activities of acid phosphatase, invertase, and urease.Results and discussion
Both soil organic carbon and total nitrogen increased over time at all three depths, while pH generally decreased. Microbial abundance (bacteria and fungi) and invertase and urease activity significantly increased with the duration of rice cultivation, especially in the surface layer. Fungal abundance and acid phosphatase activity declined with depth, whereas bacterial abundance was highest at the 5–10-cm soil depth. Profiles of the microbial community based on PCR-DGGE of 16S rRNA indicated that the composition of fungal communities was strongly influenced by soil depth, whereas soil bacterial community structures were similar throughout the profile.Conclusions
Soil bioactivity (microbial abundance and soil enzymes) gradually increased with organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulation under prolonged rice cultivation. Microbial activity decreased with depth, and soil microbial communities were stratified with soil depth. The fungal community was more sensitive than the bacterial community to cultivation age and soil depth. However, the mechanism of fungal community succession with rice cultivation needs further research.7.
长期不同施肥对黄泥田土壤酶活性和微生物的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以农业部耕地保育福建观测实验站的长期肥料试验为平台,研究了长期不同施肥对黄泥田土壤酶活性和微生物的影响。结果表明:与不施肥(CK)相比,单施NPK(NPK)、NPK配施牛粪(NPKM)及NPK配施秸秆(NPKS)的土壤酶活性均有不同程度的提高,其中NPKM可显著提高转化酶活性,NPKS可显著提高脲酶活性。施肥均不同程度地提高了土壤细菌、真菌及放线菌的数量,尤其是放线菌数量,提高幅度均达到显著性水平;NPKS可显著提高土壤细菌数量,NPKM可显著提高土壤真菌数量。施肥均会对真菌群落产生重要影响;单施化肥对土壤细菌群落的影响不大,增施有机物料会对细菌群落产生明显影响;施用牛粪会对放线菌优势群落产生影响。以上结果表明,有机无机配施更有利于提高土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量,提升土壤生物肥力。 相似文献
8.
Soil microbial biomass, activity and community composition in adjacent native and plantation forests of subtropical Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Joanne Burton Chengrong Chen Zhihong Xu Hossein Ghadiri 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(7):1267-1277
Purpose
Soil nitrogen (N) availability is a critical determinant of plantation productivity in subtropical Australia and is influenced by the soil microbial community. The size, structure and function of the soil microbial community can be impacted by land-use change and residue management. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of land-use change from (1) native forest (NF) to first rotation (1R) hoop pine plantation and (2) 1R hoop pine plantation to second rotation (2R) hoop pine plantation on the soil microbial community. The impact of residue management on the soil microbial community was also investigated in the 2R forest, where soil microbial parameters were measured in tree rows (2R-T) and windrows (2R-W). In addition, relationships between soil microbial parameters and soil N parameters were investigated.Materials and methods
Each of the four treatments (NF, 1R, 2R-T and 2R-W) had five 24-m2 replicate plots from which 15 soil cores were collected and bulked at three depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and N (MBN) and soil respiration were measured on field moist soils. In addition, carbon (C) source utilisation patterns were assessed using the whole soil MicroResp? technique (Campbell et al. 2003).Results and discussion
Results indicate that the land-use change from NF to 1R hoop pine plantation significantly reduced MBC, respiration rate, soil total C and total N. Furthermore, the land-use change appeared to have a significant impact on the soil microbial community composition measured using MicroResp? profiles. Land-use change from 1R to 2R hoop pine plantation resulted in a decline in total C and MBN and a shift in microbial community composition. When compared to the 2R-T soils, the 2R-W soils tended to have a greater microbial biomass and respiration rate. Residue management also influenced the microbial community composition measured in the MicroResp? profiles.Conclusions
Results indicate that land-use change had a significant impact on the soil microbial community, which was likely to be related to shifts in the quality and quantity of organic inputs associated with the change in land use. This may have significant implications for the long-term productivity of the soil resource. Further studies are required to confirm a difference in microbial community composition associated with residue management. In addition, long-term experiments in subtropical Australia are necessary to verify the results of this snapshot study and to improve our understanding of the impact of single-species plantation forestry and residue management on the soil microbial community, soil N dynamics and ultimately the long-term sustainability of the soil resource. 相似文献9.
Soil samples were collected in June and October from areas with three land-use types, i.e., Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP), Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CK), and abandoned land (AL), of which the former two were afforested areas, whereas the latter was not. These areas were converted from similar farmlands 40 years prior. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS gene was used to analyze soil bacterial and fungal diversity. Additionally, plant communities, soil properties, fine root biomass, and C, N, and P levels in fine root and microbial biomass were estimated. Compared to AL, the C:N:P stoichiometry in fine root and microbial biomass in the afforested lands was synchronously changed, especially the N:P ratio. Soil microbial diversities were affected by afforestation and were more related to N:P ratio than C:P and C:N ratios. Moreover, Alpha-proteobacteria, Gamma-proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were significantly more abundant in afforested soils than in the AL soil, and the abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Nitrospirae ranked as AL > RP or CK. For fungal taxa, Ascomycota abundance responded positively to afforestation, whereas Basidiomycota abundance responded negatively. Changes of soil microbial taxa were significantly correlated with the N:P ratio in fine root and microbial biomass, which explained 54.1 and 55% of the total variation in bacterial and fungal taxa, respectively. Thus, our results provide evidence that compositions of soil microbial communities are linked to the N:P ratio in the plant-soil system. 相似文献
10.
Jiao-Yan Ying Li-Mei Zhang Wen-Xue Wei Ji-Zheng He 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(7):1223-1231
Purpose
Disturbances such as cultivation, logging, and plantation occurred widely in acid red soil area of China, yet little is known about their effects on soil microbial community which is closely related to soil function. In this study, microbial community compositions were investigated in a red soil with different long-term land utilization patterns to understand the potential effects of cultivation and vegetation successions on relevant soil functions.Materials and methods
Land utilization patterns include restoration, degradation (logging), cropland, and pine plantation. Both DNA- and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)-based methods were used to measure the abundance and community structure of microorganisms.Results and discussion
In general, DNA- and PLFA-based methods showed similar results of microbial composition, but for some parameters, only one approach showed significant differences between different land utilization patterns. Land utilization patterns showed significant effects on abundance of total microbial community, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes which were all lowest in the cropland plot either by PLFA or DNA analyses. 17:0 cyclo/16:1 ω7c and 19:0 cyclo/18:1 ω7c which are possibly associated with environmental stresses also varied among different land utilization patterns. Both PLFA and T-RFLP analyses showed that each land utilization pattern possessed a specific microbial community structure.Conclusions
These results revealed significant effects of different land utilization patterns especially cultivation and logging on soil microbial communities and suggested that we should be cautious in utilizing red soils to sustain soil properties and functions. Combination of DNA- and PLFA-based methods is effective to provide precise results of microbial composition. 相似文献11.
Jun-Jian Li Yuan-Ming Zheng Jun-Xia Yan Hong-Jian Li Ji-Zheng He 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(4):760-769
Purpose
There have been a number of studies on the succession of vegetation; however, the succession of soil microbes and the collaborative relationships between microbes and vegetation during land restoration remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to characterize soil microbial succession and to explore the collaborative mechanisms between microbes and vegetation during the restoration of abandoned land through quantitative ecology methods.Materials and methods
The present research was carried out in the succession of a 5-year abandoned land and its conversion to Hippophae rhamnoides shrubs, Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation, and a naturally regenerated forest (mixed forest). Soil bacterial, archaeal and fungal characteristics were tested by real-time quantitative PCR assays and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. The richness, diversity, and evenness indices were employed to analyze plant and microbial communities’ structure. The stability of plant and microbial communities was tested using Spearman’s rank correlation. The relationships between the regeneration scenarios and environmental factors were determined through canonical correspondence analysis.Results and discussion
The aboveground biomass was significantly different among the sites. Soil bacterial, archaeal, and fungal rRNA gene abundances did not increase significantly with increasing soil organic carbon content. There were higher correlation coefficients between plant and total microbial communities on the richness, diversity, and evenness indices and ratios of positive to negative association compared to ones between plant and individual bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Soil bulk density, clay, pH, and litter were the primary significant environmental factors affecting the structure of plant and microbial communities. The positive relationships between plant and soil bacteria, fungi, and total microbe communities, as well as the negative relationships between plant and archaea, were demonstrated.Conclusions
The results suggested that plants promote the growth of soil bacteria and fungi during the process of community succession on a small scale; however, plants inhibit the growth of soil archaea. 相似文献12.
Impact of long-term application of manure,crop residue,and mineral fertilizer on organic carbon pools and crop yields in a Mollisol 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xueli Ding Yaru Yuan Yao Liang Lujun Li Xiaozeng Han 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(5):854-859
Purpose
While the influence of integrated fertility management systems on yield and N cycling in Mollisols is documented, its effect on soil C sequestration remains to be determined. We examined the response of organic C pools and crop yields to 21 years’ organic amendments applied at relatively low rates in a high-C Mollisol to optimize win–win management practices that balance agronomic and environmental interests.Materials and methods
This study was based on five treatments: CK (unfertilized control), NPK (chemical fertilizer alone), NPKS1 (NPK plus crop residues), NPKS2 (NPK plus double amounts of crop residues), and NPKM (NPK plus pig manure). Crop yield was determined by harvesting a defined area. Organic C was quantified by dry combustion. A two-step acid hydrolysis technique was used to quantify hydrolysable and non-hydrolysable C fractions.Results and discussion
All organic-treated plots produced significantly higher crop yields than the NPK plots, but only the manure treatment resulted in a significant increase in SOC compared with the NPK treatment after 21 years of experiment. It seems that the effects of organic amendments on SOC depend primarily on the type of organic materials when the application rates were relatively low. This indicated that organic amendments offer relatively short-term soil benefits for plant growth. The pig manure builds SOC over the long term, which provides secondary benefits while also sequestering C.Conclusions
Overall, manure integrated with mineral fertilizer should be recommended to maintain the SOC content and increase crop yield in the Mollisols. 相似文献13.
Li-Li Han Jun-Tao Wang Sheng-Hui Yang Wen-Feng Chen Li-Mei Zhang Ji-Zheng He 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(2):491-498
Purpose
Many biotic and abiotic factors influence the structural and functional diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. This study aimed to understand the dynamics of fungal community in the soybean rhizosphere during soybean growth and directly compare the influence of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping the fungal communities across different growth periods.Materials and methods
High-throughput sequencing based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, quantitative PCR, and statistical analysis approaches were used to measure the fungal community structure, abundance, and dynamic changes of 63 rhizosphere soil samples which were taken from different fertilization regimes and rhizobium inoculation treatments during three soybean growth stages.Results and discussion
Among the taxa examined, more than 16 fungal classes were detected from the 21 soil samples. Sordariomycetes was the most abundant class, followed by Dothideomycetes, Agaricomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. Soybean growth stage was the most important factor determining the diversity patterns of the fungal communities. Fungal community diversity was closely related to the base-fertilizer application, and fungal community richness was associated with rhizobium inoculation. Beta diversity of the fungal community based on the Bray-Curtis distance was significantly related to plant growth stage. Network analysis showed that mutual cooperation among fungal taxa became more intimate during the plant growth.Conclusions
Compared with edaphic properties, plant growth stage was the dominant factor in determining soil fungal community dynamics. Base-fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation affected the alpha diversity of the soil fungi.14.
Effects of straw amendment and moisture on microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Lin Chen Jiabao Zhang Bingzi Zhao Pei Yan Guixiang Zhou Xiuli Xin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(11):1829-1840
Purpose
Returning crop straw into fields is a typical agricultural practice to resolve an oversupply of straw and improve soil fertility. Soil microorganisms, especially eukaryotic microorganisms, play a critical role in straw decomposition. To date, microbial communities in response to straw amendment at different moisture levels in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of straw amendment and moisture on microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil.Materials and methods
Two soils (one was applied with organic manure, and the other was not applied with any fertilizer) from a long-term field experiment in the North China Plain were collected. Soils with and without straw amendment at 25 and 55 % of the average water-holding capacities of the two soils were incubated at 25 °C for 80 days. All treatments were sampled 20 and 80 days after the start of incubation. Microbial biomass and community structure were analyzed by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) assay, and the eukaryotic diversity and community composition were assessed via barcoded pyrosequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons.Results and discussion
PLFA analysis showed that straw amendment increased the biomass of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi and shifted microbial community structure. The varied straw availability resulted in a large variation in microbial community structure. In the presence of straw, actinobacterial and fungal biomass both decreased under high moisture content. 18S rRNA gene pyrosequencing indicated that straw amendment decreased eukaryotic diversity and richness and probably restructured the eukaryotic community. Under identical moisture content, long-term organic manure-fertilized soil had higher eukaryotic diversity and richness than the unfertilized soil. In the amended soils under high moisture content, the relative abundance of dominant fungal taxa (Dikarya subkingdom, Ascomycota phylum, and Pezizomycotina subphylum) decreased.Conclusions
Straw amendment increases microbial biomass, shifts microbial community structure, and decreases eukaryotic diversity and richness. High moisture content probably has a negative effect on fungal growth in the amended soils. In conclusion, microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil are significantly affected by straw amendment at different moisture levels. 相似文献15.
【目的】采用高通量测序和分子生态网络分析技术,研究连续施用化肥及秸秆还田对细菌群落结构和种间互作关系的影响,为黄淮海潮土区秸秆资源化利用与土壤肥力提升提供理论依据。【方法】长期定位试验位于山东德州,始于2010年,土壤为典型潮土,为冬小麦–夏玉米轮作。2021年从不施肥对照(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)和秸秆还田配施化肥(NPKS) 3个处理小区采集土壤样品,分析土壤养分、酶活性、细菌群落等指标。【结果】与CK处理相比,NPK和NPKS处理pH均降低了0.06个单位,土壤有机质分别提升了23.19%和34.82%,细菌多样性分别降低了0.90%和0.91%,均匀度均显著降低了1.11%。与CK相比,NPK处理土壤中β-葡糖苷酶(β-GC)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)分别显著升高47.91%和50.35%,NPKS处理β-GC、ALP和脱氢酶(DHA)活性分别升高78.31%、46.53%和50.91%。CK处理的优势菌群为寡营养型细菌(酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门)和固氮菌(生丝微菌科和伯克氏菌科),NPK处理的优势菌群为可降解顽固有机质的变形菌门(草酸杆菌科、红丹杆菌科和黄单胞菌科)、放线菌门和拟杆菌... 相似文献
16.
Fertilization is an important factor influencing the chemical structure of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial communities; however, whether any connection exists between the two under different fertilization regimes remains unclear. Soils from a 27-year field experiment were used to explore potential associations between SOC functional groups and specific bacterial taxa, using quantitative multiple cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Treatments included balanced fertilization with organic materials (OM) and with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) mineral fertilizers (NPK); unbalanced fertilization without one of the major elements (NP, PK, or NK); and an unamended control. These treatments were divided into four distinct groups, namely OM, NPK, NP plus PK, and NK plus control, according to their bacterial community composition and SOC chemical structure. Soil total P, available P, and SOC contents were the major determinants of bacterial community composition after long-term fertilization. Compared to NPK, the OM treatment generated a higher aromatic C–O and OCH3 and lower alkyl C and OCH abundance, which were associated with the enhanced abundance of members of the Acidobacteria subgroups 6 and 5, Cytophagaceae, Chitinophagaceae, and Bacillus sp.; NP plus PK treatments resulted in a higher OCH and lower aromatic C–C abundance, which showed a close association with the enrichment of unclassified Chloracidobacteria, Syntrophobacteraceae, and Anaerolineae and depletion of Bacillales; and NK plus control treatments resulted in a higher abundance of aromatic C–C, which was associated with the enhanced abundance of Bacillales. Our results indicate that different fertilization regimes changed the SOC chemical structure and bacterial community composition in different patterns. The results also suggest that fertilization-induced variations in SOC chemical structure were strongly associated with shifts in specific microbial taxa which, in turn, may be affected by changes in soil properties. 相似文献
17.
Jue Dai Junli Hu Xiangui Lin Anna Yang Rui Wang Jiabao Zhang Ming Hung Wong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(1):1-11
Purpose
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are crucial for ecosystem functioning and can contribute to the formation and maintenance of soil aggregates through the exudation of glomalin by extraradical hyphae. Monitoring fertilization effects on AM fungi may help us to develop sound management strategies. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of long-term fertilization on AM fungal parameters and to find out the key factor that affects the diversity and function of AM fungi.Materials and methods
A long-term fertilization experiment established in a sandy loam soil at northern China has received continuous fertilization treatments for 21 years, including control; mineral fertilizers of NK, PK, NP, and NPK; organic manure (OM); and half organic manure N plus half mineral fertilizer N (1/2 OMN). Top soil samples (0–15 cm) from three individual plots per treatment were collected for the analysis of chemical properties and fungal parameters. The population size of soil AM fungi was determined by real-time PCR, and the community composition was analyzed using PCR-denature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning, and sequencing techniques. The external mycelium of AM fungi was assessed using the grid-line intersect method, and the glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) was extracted with citrate solution using bovine serum albumin as a standard.Results and discussion
Long-term fertilization significantly increased (P?<?0.05) soil organic C content, AM fungal population, species richness (R), Shannon–Wiener index (H), and GRSP content, except for the P-deficiency (NK) fertilization treatment. OM had a significantly greater (P?<?0.05) impact on AM fungal population and GRSP content compared to mineral fertilizers but significantly decreased the length of external mycelium compared to the control (P?<?0.05). Fertilization also changed the community composition of AM fungi, and the P-deficiency treatment again had the slightest influence. In addition, most species recovered from the DGGE profiles belonged to three genera, Glomus, Diversispora, and Archaeospora. Redundancy analysis showed that the population size and species richness of AM fungi and the GRSP content all significantly correlated to soil organic C content (P?<?0.05).Conclusions
Long-term P-containing fertilization, especially the application of OM, greatly increased the population size, species richness, and species diversity of AM fungi, as well as the contents of GRSP and soil organic C, but tended to decrease the length of external mycelium, while the P-deficiency fertilization had no such effect, suggesting that P was the key factor to maintain soil fertility as well as soil AM fungal diversity in this sandy loam soil. 相似文献18.
Mohammad Shahid Arvind Kumar Shukla Pratap Bhattacharyya Rahul Tripathi Sangita Mohanty Anjani Kumar Banwari Lal Priyanka Gautam Rajagounder Raja Bipin Bihari Panda Brundaban Das Amaresh Kumar Nayak 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(3):737-747
Purpose
The balance of micronutrients in soils is important in nutrient use efficiency, environmental protection and the sustainability of agro-ecological systems. The deficiency or excess of micronutrients in the plough layer may decrease crop yield and/or quality. Therefore, it is essential to maintain appropriate levels of micronutrients in soil, not only for satisfying plant needs in order to sustain agricultural production but also for preventing any potential build-up of certain nutrients.Materials and methods
A long-term fertilizer experiment started in 1969 at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India. Using this experiment, a study was conducted to analyze the balance of micronutrients and their interrelationship. The experiment was composed of ten nutrient management treatments viz. control; nitrogen (N); N + phosphorus (NP); N + potassium (NK); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK); farmyard manure (FYM); N + FYM; NP + FYM; NK + FYM; and NPK + FYM with three replications. Micronutrients in soil (total and available), added fertilizers and organic manures and in rice plant were analyzed. Besides, atmospheric deposition of the micronutrients to the experimental site was also calculated. A micronutrient balance sheet was prepared by the difference between output and input of total micronutrients.Results and discussion
Application of FYM alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer increased the diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA)-extractable Fe, Mn and Zn over the control treatment. The treatment with NPK + FYM had the highest soil DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu after 41 years of cropping and fertilization. Application of chemical fertilizers without P decreased the DTPA-extractable Zn over the control while the inclusion of P in the fertilizer treatments maintained it on a par with the control. The application of P fertilizer and FYM either alone or in combination significantly increased the contents of total Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil mainly due to their micronutrient content and atmospheric depositions. A negative balance of Zn was observed in the N, NP, NK and NPK treatments, while a positive balance observed in the remaining treatments. The balance of Mn was negative in all the treatments, due to higher uptake by the rice crop than its addition.Conclusions
Long-term application of chemical fertilizers together with FYM maintained the availability of micronutrients in soil and, thus, their uptake by rice crop.19.
Bo Yi Qichun Zhang Chao Gu Jiangye Li Touqeer Abbas Hongjie Di 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(11):3186-3196
Purpose
Vegetables are major economic crops in China. Their cultivation usually involves high fertilizer application rates leading to significant losses of N and P to the wider environment, resulting in water contamination and low nutrient use efficiency. Hence, it is a matter of urgency to understand the mechanisms and factors that affect N and P losses in vegetable production systems in order to develop optimum fertilization regimes.Materials and methods
Different fertilization regimes were applied in a long-term chili (Capsicum spp. L.) production soil to study the effects on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff losses, microbial biomass, microbial community, and crop yields. Three fertilization regimes were implemented: control (no fertilizer; CK), farmer’s fertilization practice (FFP), and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). A fixed collection device was used to quantify the total volume of water output after each precipitation event. All water samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3?-N), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP). Soil samples were collected for analysis of the physicochemical properties and for DNA extraction after chili harvest. High-throughput sequencing was used to further investigate the relationship between the microbial community and nutrient losses.Results and discussion
The SSNM fertilizer regime resulted in a 23.3% yield increase and enhanced agronomic N use efficiency from 11.87 to 15.67% compared with the FFP treatment. Soil available nutrients (i.e., AN and AP) and ATP content increased significantly after SSNM implementation. Under the SSNM regime, N losses decreased by 25.8% compared with FFP but did not lead to significantly different P losses. High-throughput sequencing results showed that each treatment formed a unique microbial community structure. VPA results revealed that the microbial community structure was mainly (50.56%) affected by the interactions between N and P. Mantel results indicated that the soil properties that significantly affected soil microbial community structure followed the order: AP, AK, and salinity.Conclusions
Our study has demonstrated that SSNM not only generates lower N losses but also provides higher contents of soil available nutrients and plant yield, which were mainly attributed to the multiple top dressings and meeting of the plants’ demand with adequate nutrient supplies. The combined data showed that the microbial community differentiation between the different fertilizer regimes was mainly linked to the interactions between N and P in the soil.20.
Yong-Chun Li Bu-Rong Liu Song-Hao Li Hua Qin Wei-Jun Fu Qiu-Fang Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(9):1577-1586