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1.
Partial rootzone irrigation (PRI) can substantially reduce irrigation amount and has been demonstrated as a promising irrigation method for crops in arid or semiarid areas. Many earlier researches have shown that PRI reduces leaf transpiration by narrowing stomatal opening. In this study we verified the hypothesis that PRI can also save irrigation water by substantially reducing soil evaporation. Field experiment was conducted in an arid area where cotton production almost completely relies on irrigation. Water was applied to furrows in the cotton field either alternatively (AFI, alternative furrow irrigation), or evenly to all the furrows (CFI, conventional furrow irrigation), or to one fixed furrow in every two (FFI, fixed furrow irrigation). Our results show that surface evaporation constitutes a large fraction of the irrigation water loss from cropped field (more than 20%), and with the two PRI treatments nearly 40% of the evaporative water loss is saved. Transpiration accounted for 48%, 58% and 57% of the total amount of irrigation respectively for the CFI, AFI and FFI treatments. This result suggests that PRI increases the proportion of applied water that is transpired, and therefore leads to a higher water use efficiency than regular irrigation. Overall, when irrigation was reduced by 30%, the average final yield loss of AFI was only 4.44%, a non-significant reduction statistically. The FFI had a significant reduction in yield of 12.01% in comparison to CFI. Moreover, PRI brings in earlier flowering and a higher economical return due to early harvested cotton. This indicates that the final economical output could compensate for the loss of cotton yield due to water-saving. With very little extra cost to implementation, PRI proves a very promising method in cotton production in arid zone. 相似文献
2.
隔沟交替灌溉在高原夏菜莴笋上的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在甘肃河西走廊高海拔冷凉区以莴笋＂太原笋＂为试材,研究了常规沟灌（CFI）、固定隔沟灌溉（FFI）、隔沟交替灌溉（AFI）对莴笋生长、生理特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,隔沟交替灌溉（AFI）模式下莴笋的茎粗、茎重、产量、叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率与常规沟灌（CFI）模式下无显著差异。AFI较CFI节水22.2%、水分利用率提高26.9%,实现了经济产量不降低。莴笋上应用隔沟交替灌溉技术具有较大的节水潜力。 相似文献
3.
交替隔沟灌溉下玉米根长密度分布及水分利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明交替隔沟灌溉和常规沟灌条件下玉米根长密度的分布规律及水分利用效率(WUE),研究了2种沟灌方式下玉米根长密度的空间分布和水分利用情况。结果表明,玉米根长密度在根区水平向和垂向呈指数分布。交替隔沟灌溉促进了玉米根系的水平向伸展和下扎深度,常规沟灌在垄位的大密度根系分布集中在20～60cm。交替隔沟灌溉增大了根系下扎深度,有利于根系吸收深层土壤水分,在非充分供水条件下提高了作物的水分利用效率,交替隔沟灌溉水分利用效率较常规沟灌提高5%以上。 相似文献
4.
交替隔沟灌溉水分入渗特性 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
以玉米为试验材料 ,通过大田 3种灌水方式土壤水分的入渗规律比较分析 ,发现交替隔沟灌溉和固定隔沟灌溉土壤水分的侧向入渗比较明显 ,而常规灌溉由于受到相邻灌水沟侧向入渗的影响 ,土壤水分主要在土壤剖面的垂直方向变化。对 3种灌水方式湿润锋到达深度的研究表明 ,常规灌溉的湿润锋到达深度明显大于固定隔沟灌溉和交替隔沟灌溉。因此 ,田间采用交替隔沟灌溉可以减小土壤水分发生深层渗漏的机率 相似文献
5.
不同灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,研究了畦灌、常规沟灌、隔沟交替灌3种灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响,结果表明,不同灌溉方式下,制种玉米产量为8.73~10.87 t/hm~2,耗水量为349.7~625.0 mm,WUE为1.40~3.01kg/m~3。隔沟交替灌溉方式耗水量最低,畦灌方式最高,常规沟灌居中。相同灌溉定额条件下,隔沟交替灌制种玉米产量较常规沟灌增减幅度在-2.43%~10.24%。常规沟灌方式若能保证作物需水关键期的灌溉,适度减少灌水不会造成制种玉米减产。产量构成要素结果表明,行粒数、出籽率、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、千粒重产量构成要素对产量的累积贡献率达85.54%。在甘肃河西地区,制种玉米全生育期灌水8次(苗期1次,拔节期2次,抽穗期1次,灌浆期2次,乳熟期2次),灌溉定额2 250 m~3/hm~2的隔沟交替灌溉方式(T6处理)能稳定提高产量和水分利用效率。 相似文献
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8.
Response of root morphology and distribution in maize to alternate furrow irrigation 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Caixia LiJingsheng Sun Fusheng LiZhongyang Li Xiaoman QiangDongdong Guo 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(12):1789-1798
After measuring root morphological indices, such as the length, diameter, volume density, surface area and tip number of both living and dead roots on the ridge and slope under alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI, control treatment) using Minirhizotrons, the responses of root morphology and distribution in maize to AFI were analyzed. Results show that root morphological indices of living or dead roots were lower on the ridge than on the slope under AFI, whereas root morphological indices of living or dead roots were higher on the ridge than on the slope under CFI. Compared to CFI, AFI significantly increased root tip number and surface area of fine roots (with the diameter of ≤2.5 × 10−1 mm) and promoted roots to deeper soil on the slope, and then simulated root water uptake. AFI only decreased the grain yield by 0.9%, but increased water use efficiency on seed yield by 8.3%. Thus AFI promoted root growth and metabolism on the slope, increased the effective absorption area of root system and improved water use efficiency without significant reduction of grain yield. 相似文献
9.
以常规灌溉（CFI）为对照,利用田间小区试验研究了交替隔沟灌溉（AFI）条件下不同种类丛枝菌根（Glomus mossea,简称BEG167;Glomus diuphauam,简称GD; Glomus versiforme,简称GV）对玉米生长、产量、籽粒氮含量的影响及其差异性。结果表明,AFI显著增加茎干基部直径、次生根数量、根干重和籽粒氮含量,分别增加了6.8%、10.9%、11.5%、11.5%。接种菌根对玉米株高没有影响,但在AFI处理下GV显著增加玉米单株叶面积,且茎干基部直径和次生根数量也分别显著增加了10.3%、15.2%。3种菌根处理均显著增加了根干重,但只有GV对穗干重和籽粒千粒重的增加作用较为明显,尤其是在AFI处理下,穗干重和籽粒千粒重分别显著增加了8.4%和2.5%。3种菌根处理均显著增加了籽粒氮含量,其中BEG增加效果最为明显。AFI条件下不同种类丛枝菌根对玉米生长、产量及籽粒氮含量的影响存在显著的品种差异。 相似文献
10.
为了阐明不同沟向与沟灌方式下作物根区土壤温度的变化规律,通过垄作玉米田不同点位处的根区地温观测,研究了南北沟向和东西沟向下交替隔沟灌溉(AFI)和常规沟灌(CFI)田的地温变化。结果表明,东西沟向时AFI在湿沟、垄位和干沟处0～20cm土温分别高于南北沟向0～4.60、0～5.37、0～6.57℃;同一沟向条件下,AFI的平均土温比CFI提高了0.02～7.00℃,且AFI在非灌水区域的土温比灌水区域高0.23～6.20℃。东西沟向AFI的作物根区土温最高,提高了根区土壤热能,以其通过栽培方式或灌溉方式的改变调节田间光热环境以适应不同作物的生长需求。 相似文献
11.
An improved water use efficiency of cereals under temporal and spatial deficit irrigation in north China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Taisheng Du Shaozhong Kang Jingsheng Sun Xiying Zhang Jianhua Zhang 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(1):66-74
Water shortage is the major bottleneck that limits sustainable development of agriculture in north China. Crop physiological water-saving irrigation methods such as temporal (regulated deficit irrigation) and spatial (partial root zone irrigation) deficit irrigation have been tested with much improved crop water use efficiency (WUE) without significant yield reduction. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of (1) spatial deficit irrigation on spring maize in arid Inland River Basin of northwest China during 1997–2000; (2) temporal deficit irrigation on winter wheat in semi-arid Haihe River Basin during 2003–2007 and (3) temporal deficit irrigation on winter wheat and summer maize in Yellow River Basin during 2006–2007. Results showed that alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) maintained similar photosynthetic rate (Pn) but reduced transpiration rate (Tr), and thus increased leaf WUE of maize. It also showed that the improved WUE might only be gained for AFI under less water amount per irrigation. The feasible irrigation cycle is 7d in the extremely arid condition in Inner River Basin of northwest China and less water amount with more irrigation frequency is better for both grain yield and WUE in semi-arid Haihe River Basin of north China. Field experiment in Yellow River Basin of north China also suggests that mild water deficit at early seedling stage is beneficial for grain yield and WUE of summer maize, and the deficit timing and severity should be modulated according to the drought tolerance of different crop varieties. The economical evapotranspiration for winter wheat in Haihe River Basin, summer maize in Yellow River Basin of north China and spring maize in Inland River Basin of northwest China are 420.0 mm, 432.5 mm and 450.0 mm respectively. Our study in the three regions in recent decade also showed that AFI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method for wide-spaced cereals in arid region, but mild water deficit in earlier stage might be a practical irrigation strategy for close-planting cereals. Application of such temporal and spatial deficit irrigation in field-grown crops has greater potential in saving water, maintaining economic yield and improving WUE. 相似文献
12.
采用温室内田间试验,设置常规沟灌(CFI)和交替隔沟灌溉(AFI)两种沟灌方式,依据Φ20cm标准蒸发皿的水面蒸发量,通过选取0.6(K1)、0.8(K2)、1.0(K3)、1.2(K4)4个作物-皿系数Kcp,设置4个灌水量梯度,共8个处理,比较不同处理对番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和根冠比的影响。结果表明,AFI相较于CFI会抑制番茄植株的株高,但会增加茎粗;灌水量对株高呈显著的正效应,CFI、AFI下拉秧前的最大株高(148.40、144.80cm)均在最大灌水量(K4)下获得;茎粗随灌水量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,在K2灌水量下CFI、AFI处理分别获得拉秧前的最大茎粗13.93和14.74mm;沟灌方式和灌水量的耦合效应对株高、茎粗的影响始终不显著(P0.05)。叶面积指数(LAI)受沟灌方式的影响不显著,但是会随着灌水量的提高而明显增大,两种沟灌方式均在最大灌水量(K4)下取得最大LAI。根冠比在AFI处理下明显大于相同灌水量下的CFI处理,随灌水量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,CFI下在K3灌水量时达到最大值0.070 6,AFI下在K2灌水量下达到最大值0.073 4。通过综合分析沟灌方式和灌水量对番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数以及根冠比的影响表明,交替隔沟灌溉相较于常规沟灌更有利于番茄植株的生长;过高(Kcp取1.2)或过低(Kcp取0.6)的灌水量均不利于番茄植株的生长,适中的灌水量(Kcp取0.8或1.0)不仅会使番茄植株健壮,同时也会使LAI处于一个较为合理的大小。 相似文献
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14.
A 2-year study was carried out from 2006 to 2007 to determine the most suitable irrigation management for maximum dry bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in southern Alberta, Canada. Six irrigation management treatments were evaluated
in this study, including scheduling irrigation based on soil water depletion within a 0.30-m root zone, a 0.60-m root zone,
and a split 0.30/0.60-m root zone (a 0.30-m root zone during vegetative growth stages and a 0.60-m root zone at flowering),
and 12, 25, and 50-mm applications of irrigation water based on soil water depletion in a 0.60-m root zone. Plant available
soil water was maintained above 60% in all irrigation management treatments. A significant increase in average seed yield
(15% in 2006 and 46% in 2007) and in WUE (30% in 2006 and 50% in 2007) was found in more frequently irrigated treatments (0.30-m
root zone, split 0.30/0.60-m root zone, and 12-mm application) compared to less frequently irrigated treatments (0.60-m root
zone and 50-mm application). Dry bean seed yield and WUE may be maximized by keeping the majority of roots moist. 相似文献
15.
This study was undertaken to investigate genotypic differences of five maize cultivars in grain yield response to two different modes of deficit irrigation, conventional deficit irrigation and partial root zone irrigation. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: (1) FULL irrigation, the control treatment where plant water requirement, 100% Class-A pan evaporation, was fully met and the furrows on both sides of the plant rows were irrigated; (2) partial root zone irrigation (PRI), 35% deficit irrigation, compared to FULL treatment, was applied in every other furrow thus irrigating only one side of the plant rows. The furrows irrigated were alternated every irrigation; (3) conventional deficit irrigation (CDI), the same amount of water as PRI was applied in furrows on both sides of the plant rows, similar to FULL irrigation treatment. Five maize cultivars (P.31.G.98, P.3394, Rx:9292, Tector and Tietar) showing extreme growth response to water stress were selected out of ten cultivars tested with earlier completed greenhouse-pot experiment. A split-plot experimental design, comprising three irrigation treatments and five maize cultivars with four replicates, was used during two years of work, in 2005 and 2006. Total of nine irrigations, with one-week irrigation interval, were annually applied using a drip-irrigation system. Soil water status was monitored using a neutron moisture gauge, in addition to measuring leaf water potential and above-ground biomass production throughout the growing season. Grain yield and other yield attributes were measured at harvest as well as assessing differences in plant root distributions. Decrease in grain yield and harvest index of the tested cultivars, compared to FULL treatment, was proportionally less under PRI than CDI. Whether or not a significant yield advantage can be obtained under PRI compared to CDI showed significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variability. Tector and Tietar among the tested cultivars of maize showed significantly higher grain yield (P < 0.05) under PRI than CDI. The yield advantage of the genotypes (P.3394 and Tector) under PRI compared to CDI seems related to their enhanced root biomass developed under PRI. 相似文献
16.
Effect of improved cultural practices on crop yield and soil salinity under relatively saline groundwater applications 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The salinity in the root zone increases with the application of relatively saline groundwater. Therefore, a limited water
supply coupled with high pumping cost and salinity hazards, makes it more important than ever that irrigation water be used
efficiently and judiciously. In the present study, farmer's practices of irrigation application methods (Field 1) were compared
with the water saving techniques (Field 2) for crop yield and salinization for two years with maize–wheat–dhanicha cropping
pattern. For maize crop, regular furrow method of irrigation was used in Field 1 and alternate furrow method of irrigation
was used in Field 2. For wheat experiments, basin irrigation method of water application was compared with bed and furrow
method. For dhanicha, basin irrigation was applied in both the fields. The results showed that about 36% water was saved by
applying irrigation water in alternate furrows in each season without compromising the maize crop yield. The salt accumulation
in root zone in alternate furrow field was less than that in regular furrow field. The salinity level near the surface increased
substantially in both the fields. The water saving in wheat crop under bed and furrow was 9–12% in both seasons. The salinization
process in both fields during wheat crop was almost same except redistribution of salts throughout the root zone in basin
field of wheat. The salinity developed in root zone during two major growing seasons was leached in monsoon. 相似文献
17.
Assessing impacts of surge-flow irrigation on water saving and productivity of cotton 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To improve water saving and conservation in irrigated agriculture, a range of field evaluation experiments was carried out with various furrow irrigation treatments in cotton fields to estimate the possibilities of improving furrow irrigation performances under conditions of Central Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. The research consisted in comparing surge and continuous-flow in long furrows and adopting alternate-furrow irrigation. The best results were achieved with surge-flow irrigation applied to alternate furrows. Field data allowed the calibration of a surface irrigation model that was used to identify alternative management issues. Results identified the need to better adjust inflow rates to soil infiltration conditions, cut-off times to the soil water deficits and improving irrigation scheduling. The best irrigation water productivity (0.61 kg m−3) was achieved with surge-flow on alternate furrows, which reduced irrigation water use by 44% (390 mm) and led to high application efficiency, near 85%. Results demonstrated the possibility for applying deficit irrigation in this region. 相似文献
18.
Water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Taisheng Du Shaozhong Kang Jianhua Zhang Fusheng Li Boyuan Yan 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):659-668
Two-year field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on fruit yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of table grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv Rizamat) in the arid region of northwest China. Three irrigation treatments were included, i.e. CDI (conventional drip irrigation, both sides of the root-zone irrigated), ADI (alternate drip irrigation, both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half the water) and FDI (fixed drip irrigation, only one side of the root system irrigated with half the water). Results indicated that compared to CDI, ADI kept the same photosynthetic rate (Pn) but reduced transpiration rate, thus increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) of table grape. And diurnal variation of leaf water potential showed no significant differences during 7.00 a.m. to 14.00 p.m. in both years. ADI also produced similar yield and improved WUEET by 26.7–46.4% and increased the percentage of edible grape by 3.88–5.78%, vitamin C content in the fruit by 15.3–42.2% and ratio of total soluble solid concentration/titrated acid in both years as compared to CDI. Thus ADI saved irrigation water, improved the water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape without detrimental effect on the fruit yield in arid region. 相似文献
19.
Agricultural production has forced researchers to focus on increasing water use efficiency by improving either new drought-tolerant
plant varieties or water management for arid and semi-arid areas under water shortage conditions. A field study was conducted
to determine effects of seasonal deficit irrigation on plant root yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of sugar beet
for a 2-year period in the semi-arid region. Irrigations were applied when approximately 50–55% of the usable soil moisture
was consumed in the effective rooting depth at the full irrigation (FI) treatment. In deficit irrigation treatments, irrigations
were applied at the rates of 75, 50 and 25% of full irrigation treatment on the same day. Irrigation water was applied by
a drip irrigation system. Increasing water deficits resulted in a relatively lower root and white sugar yields. The linear
relationship between evapotranspiration and root yield was obtained. Similarly, WUE was the highest in DI25 irrigation conditions
and the lowest in full irrigation conditions. According to the averaged values of 2 years, yield response factor (k
y
) was 0.93 for sugar beet. Sugar beet root quality parameters were influenced by drip irrigation levels in both years. The
results revealed that irrigation of sugar beet with drip irrigation method at 75% level (DI25) had significant benefits in
terms of saved irrigation water and large WUE, indicating a definitive advantage of deficit irrigation under limited water
supply conditions. In an economic viewpoint, 25% saving of irrigation water (DI25) caused 6.1% reduction in the net income. 相似文献
20.
为了探究沟灌方式下不同灌水处理对夏玉米主要性状及水资源利用效率的影响,采用基于熵权法的模糊物元模型,以大田夏玉米为试验材料,进行了常规沟灌(conventional furrow irrigation,CFI)和宽垄沟灌(wide-ridge furrow irrigation,WFI)种植下3种灌水水平(土壤水分控制下限分别设置为田间持水量的60%,70%和80%)对夏玉米形态指标(株高、叶面积)、产量性状(穗长、穗粗、百粒质量、产量)以及水资源利用效率(灌溉利用效率、水分生产效率)的影响分析.结果表明:同一水分处理下,夏玉米WFI灌溉组合方案优于CFI灌溉组合方案;对于水资源相对丰富地区建议采用WFI-70%θ灌溉方案,对于水资源相对匮乏地区建议采用WFI-60%θ灌溉方案;基于熵权法的模糊物元模型较CRITIC法的模糊物元模型评价效果更好,基于熵权法的模糊物元模型对沟灌夏玉米主要性状和水资源利用效率方面具有一定的应用价值.该研究为沟灌夏玉米合理灌溉提供了科学依据. 相似文献