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为促进中国南瓜功能基因组学的研究,以中国南瓜高代自交系N87的种子为试验材料,构建中国南瓜突变体库。将材料在不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液中处理不同时间,并对诱变后代的表型变异特征进行分析。结果表明,以诱变后南瓜种子的发芽率、成苗率及幼苗生长状况为指标,筛选出1.6% EMS处理12 h为中国南瓜种子最佳诱变条件。使用最佳诱变条件处理10 000粒中国南瓜种子,构建了由725个M2家系组成的中国南瓜突变体库,该突变体库在叶片、株型、生殖器官、果实等性状上均存在丰富的变异,总变异频率达11.2%。通过构建和分析F2分离群体,明确白花突变和短蔓突变为单基因隐性突变。本研究成功构建了中国南瓜突变体库,不仅丰富了中国南瓜种质资源,还为中国南瓜功能基因组学研究和新品种选育奠定了基础。 相似文献
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大豆“南农94-16”突变体库的构建及部分性状分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本研究对"南农94-16"大豆种子用NaN3-60Coγ射线复合诱变以及EMS诱变来构建大豆突变体库。两种方式诱变大豆分别获得54份和66份叶、茎、花、种子、子叶等性状变异的突变体。用644对SSR标记分别对其中的14株耐涝突变体和1株叶色浅绿突变体进行了鉴定。结果表明,14株耐涝突变体,有2株与对照有超过100个标记的差异,其余植株分别有1到7个标记的差异;叶色浅绿突变体与对照有39个标记的差异,遗传分析表明该性状由细胞核单基因隐性遗传控制。这些突变体可以作为新的种质资源,构建的突变体库也有助于大豆功能基因组研究的开展。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜EMS诱变二代农艺与籽粒品质性状的变异与TILLING库的构建 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）溶液处理甘蓝型油菜双低品种浙双72种子,经田间M1代观察和M2代筛选及部分M3代验证,筛选到叶色、叶形、株高、茎色、花色、花瓣（数目与颜色）、雄性不育及开花期等性状发生明显变异的M2突变株。经统计,突变株占M2群体植株总数的8.46％。对M3种子的主要脂肪酸组分之间以及脂肪酸组分与种子含油量进行了相关与回归分析,同时详尽描述各种脂肪酸组分和含油量的变异幅度与变异分布,构建了包括主要农艺性状、雄性不育及籽粒品质性状变异的突变体库,提取了2558份包含突变性状的M2植株叶片的DNA。该诱变二代DNA库及其相应的突变体种质资源为进一步深入研究控制油菜农艺性状、育性与籽粒品质性状的主效基因的等位多态性打下基础,并可为油菜品种的遗传改良提供许多特异的育种材料。 相似文献
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应用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对绥农14大豆种子进行诱变,并构建大豆突变体库.结果在M2分别获得120份茎、叶、花、种子等性状变异的材料,其中38份是株高突变体.用100个SSR分子标记分别对120株突变体进行遗传背景鉴定.结果表明:120份突变体中有5株与对照绥农14有超过9个标记的差异,10株与对照有少于3个标记的差异;另外利用前人定位的与株高相关的46个标记对其中38份株高突变体进行鉴定,发现只有高突变体E790在Sat_168位点有差异.本研究获得的突变体可以作为新的种质资源,同时构建的突变体库也有助于大豆功能基因组研究的发展. 相似文献
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为构建多年生黑麦草突变体库,本研究采用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对多年生黑麦草品种‘首相’种子进行诱变处理,设置6个诱变浓度(0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%)和3个处理时间(6、12、24 h),分析诱变后种子萌发、幼苗生长及耐旱变异株主要抗旱生理指标的变化。结果表明,1.6%EMS处理12 h与0.8%EMS处理24 h的种子发芽率均接近50%,综合分析结果表明,0.8%EMS处理24 h可作为适宜诱变组合。通过对诱变材料进行抗旱性筛选,共获得15株耐旱变异株,基于丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、抗氧化酶活性等抗旱生理指标的综合评价表明,变异株B9、B10、B12在干旱胁迫下抗旱性较强,说明EMS诱变可以诱发抗旱变异体。本研究结果为多年生黑麦草的EMS诱变及耐旱育种提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
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为构建黄瓜突变体库,利用不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液在不同处理时间下诱变华南型黄瓜高代自交系6457,并对诱变前后黄瓜表型变异特征进行分析。结果表明,根据诱变后的种子发芽率、成苗率,筛选出1.5%EMS处理10 h为最佳诱变条件。采用最佳诱变条件处理2 500粒黄瓜种子,构建了包含221个M2株系的黄瓜突变体库。在M1群体中出现叶片皱缩、叶色嵌合、植株多卷须、矮化、黄化、白化、畸形、果实嵌合体等变异性状,表型突变频率达18.9%;在M2群体中筛选到长瓜、短瓜、心形叶、花萼叶片化、矮化植株等典型的突变体,表型突变频率达11.7%。本研究结果丰富了黄瓜种质资源,为黄瓜功能基因组学研究和新品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱变育种有着诱变频率高、突变性状多及破坏性小等优点被广泛用于多种作物诱发突变育种。本研究利用不同浓度的EMS对不同品种的萝卜种子进行浸种处理后，发现EMS对萝卜的种子发芽率、萝卜苗根部长度及田间性状等指标上的诱变效应。研究结果表明随着EMS浓度（0．2％～2％）的增加，种子发芽率急剧降低且萝b苗期根长明显变短，整体呈显著的抑制生长作用。不同品种间对EMS的敏感度依次顺序为短叶-13〉夏抗40〉春白11-58〉双红一号。以半致死浓度为EMS浓度选择标准，确定了EMS处理不同品种萝卜间的适宜浓度为0．4％～0．6％。通过田间性状调查发现0．5％EMS处理短叶13萝卜种子下播大田后，相比对照处理品种表现子叶卷曲及撕裂、真叶增厚及黄化等情况，进一步表明EMS对短叶13萝卜存在的诱变效应。本研究确定了化学诱变剂EMS对萝卜诱变的半致死剂量，初步确认EMS对萝卜早期生长发育性状的诱变效应，将为后期的萝卜诱变育种研究提供研究材料和参考。 相似文献
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为探究~(60)Co-γ射线辐射对不同木薯品种组培苗的诱变效应,以2个木薯品种新选048和SC205离体单芽茎段为试验材料,以不同~(60)Co-γ射线辐射剂量(0、5、10、20、40 Gy)进行处理,观察比较不同辐射处理条件下组培苗的生长情况以及移栽后植株的生长状况。结果表明,随着~(60)Co-γ辐射剂量的增加,2个品种组培苗的生根率和萌发率均显著降低;新选048和SC205的半致死剂量分别为15. 3 Gy和17. 2 Gy。随着辐射剂量的增加,对继代组培苗及其生根苗的生长伤害程度逐渐加强,株高、生根率、移栽成活率等指标均显著降低。不同品种对~(60)Co-γ射线辐射的敏感程度存在差异,新选048的辐射敏感性更强。经~(60)Co-γ射线辐射后,2个木薯品种组培苗均出现叶柄颜色变异、叶形变异、黄化苗、矮化苗等不同程度的形态变异。经大田移栽后统计,新选048变异率为3. 3%,SC205变异率为6. 6%。对突变材料进行SSR分子标记检测发现,其中有3条引物可检测SC205对照与突变体材料在分子水平上的差异; 5条引物可检测新选048对照与突变体材料在分子水平上的差异。本研究结果为利用~(60)Co-γ射线辐射诱变创造木薯新种质以及木薯诱变育种奠定了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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为确定粒用高粱EMS处理的最佳浓度和时间,并创制粒用高粱新种质,本研究以粒用高粱亲本系2055B和10125为试验材料,采用不同时间和不同浓度甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）处理,调查EMS诱变对高粱出苗、叶色、叶形、穗型、育性及生育期等农艺性状的影响。结果表明,两粒用高粱亲本系的出苗率、幼苗成活率、结实率均随着EMS诱变时间和浓度的增加而降低,突变率则随着EMS诱变时间和浓度的增加而升高。同一水平EMS处理对两亲本的抑制作用不同,恢复系10125的出苗率、成苗率、结实率受抑制作用均小于保持系2055B。综合考虑出苗率、结实率和突变率等数据,2055B的最佳诱变处理时间和浓度为14 h和0.25%,10125的最佳诱变处理时间和浓度是14 h和0.3%。通过对诱变后M2代进行表型观察、鉴定和筛选,获得了早熟、矮秆、分蘖等性状的突变材料,初步构建了粒用高梁EMS突变体库,为开展高粱育种和功能基因定位提供了新种质和基础材料。 相似文献
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Genetic diversity within a range of cultivars and landraces of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) as revealed by RAPDs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yong-Bi Fu Axel Diederichsen K.W. Richards Gregory Peterson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(2):167-174
Analysis of the extent and distribution of genetic diversity incrop plants is essential for optimizing sampling and breedingstrategies. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)markers to assess genetic diversity and relationships in 22 Canadiancultivars, 29 selected world cultivars and 10 landraces of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.). RAPDvariation was generally low and more variation was detected among,than within, the investigated flax accessions. Based on 53 variableRAPD loci observed for the 61 accessions, the landraces had a lowerproportion of fixed recessive RAPD loci (0.427) (i.e.,more genetic variation) than all of the flax cultivars examined(0.492). The linseed cultivars had a lower proportion ofrecessive loci (0.469) than the fiber flax cultivars(0.529). Canadian linseed cultivars had a lower proportionof recessive loci (0.465) than the selected world flaxcultivars (0.512). A trend was also observed that the rateof loss in genetic variation in Canadian flax breeding programs overthe last fifty years was approximately two variable loci per 100 lociper 10 years. Clustering analyses based on similarity estimatesshowed that the fiber cultivars were more related (or similar toeach other) and were classified as a homogeneous group. All ofthe linseed cultivars were clustered in diverse groups with the ninelandrace accessions. Implications of these findings for flax breedingand germplasm management are discussed. 相似文献
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Lori L. Hinze Russell J. Kohel B. Todd Campbell Richard G. Percy 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(4):561-570
A broad range of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm resources exist with characteristics useful for improving modern cotton cultivars. However, much of this germplasm
is not well utilized. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic and fiber traits of four germplasm populations
to determine the effectiveness of pooling germplasm for generating variability to improve traits of interest. Four populations
were developed with parents chosen based on (1) dwarfing genes, (2) a combination of fiber strength and length traits, (3)
glandless genes, or (4) inclusion in the G. hirsutum center-of-origin, i.e. race, germplasm group. The dwarf germplasm population had smaller bolls, a smaller lint index, a smaller
seed index, lower micronaire, and shorter fibers than the other three populations. There were no significant differences in
lint yield, elongation, or strength among the germplasm populations. In contrast to the general lack of significant differences
among populations for agronomic and fiber traits, within population variation was observed to be high. Therefore, selections
could be made within the race population to raise lint yields and within the fiber population to increase fiber length. Likewise,
selections within the glandless population could be made for boll size, lint index, seed index, micronaire, and strength.
These results suggest that intercrossing multiple parents in complex populations generates a large amount of variability with
potential uses in crop improvement. 相似文献
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为深入了解多小穗小麦种质10-A EMS突变株系的表现,对经0.8%甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变种子产生的M4突变株系群体的12个农艺性状进行了评价。结果表明,222个突变株系间在株高、穗长、总小穗数、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、穗粒数、单株产量等性状上差异极显著,群体具有丰富的变异。其中,突变株系群体中单株产量、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、千粒重和穗粒数的变异系数均大于20%,而抽穗期、小穗数、籽粒直线宽和籽粒直线长的变异系数均小于10%。多重比较表明,在株高、穗长、总小穗数、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、穗粒数和单株产量等性状上均能筛选到与10-A差异显著或极显著的突变株系。简单相关分析表明,突变株系的穗长与小穗数、穗粒数、抽穗期呈极显著正相关,与单株产量、千粒重、籽粒投影面积呈极显著负相关;突变株系的小穗数与穗粒数呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒投影面积呈极显著负相关。聚类分析可将所有突变株系材料分为七类,其中192份突变株系与10-A聚为类Ⅰ,其中亚类ⅠA和ⅠC材料的穗粒数和千粒重都较高,25份材料聚为类Ⅱ,而其他五类每类均只含有1份突变株系。本研究结果为深入了解小麦农艺性状的遗传规律和突变株系的遗传研究与育种利用提供了参考。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜EMS诱变后代农艺性状观察及分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用不同浓度甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液处理甘蓝型油菜常规品种川油20和渝黄1号选系种子,结果表明:EMS对成苗率的抑制作用随着浓度的增加而增强,浓度1.0%为半致死量。M1中出现叶片卷曲、皱缩、黄化、双茎、扁茎和植株矮化等变异性状;M2中筛选到双茎、长角、多分枝等变异性状。对M2长角果等产量性状变异株进行考察,结果表明变异株角果长度(果身和果喙)高于对照,有效分枝数、有效角果、角果粒数和千粒重高于对照,一次分枝高度低于对照。对变异株进行SSR分析表明,变异株与对照在电泳条带上表现出多态性,进一步证明了变异的真实性。 相似文献
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Axel Diederichsen Peter M. Kusters Dallas Kessler Zenon Bainas Richard K. Gugel 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(4):1479-1485
Between 1998 and 2008, numerous projects were conducted by the Canadian national genebank, Plant Gene Resources of Canada, for the regeneration, characterization and evaluation of the whole flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm collection. The whole collection comprised 3378 accessions and, according to the passport data, several of these were probably genetically very similar or even identical. Therefore, a subset of 381 accessions was selected that represented the diversity found in the whole collection. Sampling accessions from the whole collection was made using characterization and evaluation data and followed six different methods: (1) For seven qualitative characters, each unique combination of character expression was represented by three accessions; (2) for quantitative characters, a fixed number of accessions representing the lowest and highest observed values was included; (3) for stem fibre content, disease ratings, seed vigour and drought tolerance, a fixed number of accessions with desirable performance was included; (4) a subset of the 57 most distinct accessions based on RAPD markers was included; (5) a subset of 40 pure lines that were created based on extreme low and high values for 1000 seed weight, seed oil content and fatty acid profiles was included; (6) a subset of fibre flax cultivars of known relevance in European flax breeding and another subset of flax cultivars of known relevance for North American linseed breeding were included. The goal was to maximize the diversity available in a limited number of flax accessions by preserving the range of variation present in the whole collection, while improving evenness. The core collection was assembled in response to requests by flax breeders. This paper compares distribution parameters in the whole and core collections. 相似文献
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Genetic diversity of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and its wild progenitor pale flax (Linum bienne Mill.) as revealed by ISSR markers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hüseyin Uysal Yong-Bi Fu Orhan Kurt Gregory W. Peterson Axel Diederichsen Peter Kusters 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(7):1109-1119
Little is known about the genetic diversity of pale flax (Linum bienne Mill.), the wild progenitor of cultivated flax (L. usitatissimum L.), and ex situ germplasm of pale flax was scarce. Effort was made to collect 34 pale flax accessions and five landrace accessions of cultivated flax in Turkey. The inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was applied to characterize this set of flax germplasm, along with one Turkish cultivar, one Russian cultivar, five winter and four dehiscent type accessions of cultivated flax. Twenty-four ISSR primer pairs detected a total of 311 DNA fragments, of which 298 bands were polymorphic across 493 flax samples (roughly 10 samples per accession). These polymorphic bands had frequencies ranging from 0.002 to 0.998 and averaging 0.38. Accession-specific ISSR variation (Fst values) ranged from 0.469 to 0.514 and averaged 0.493. There was 49.3% ISSR variation resided among these 50 accessions, 35.9% harbored among landrace, winter, dehiscent types of cultivated flax and pale flax, and 38.2% present among 34 pale flax accessions. Pale flax displayed more ISSR variation than landraces and dehiscent type, but less than winter type, of cultivated flax. Clustering 493 individual plants revealed that these assayed plants were largely grouped according to their plant types and that pale flax was genetically more close to the dehiscent type, followed by the winter type and landrace, of cultivated flax. Pale flax collected within the geographic range of 180 km displayed a significant spatial genetic autocorrelation. Genetic distances among the pale flax accessions were significantly associated with their geographic distances and elevation differences. These findings are significant for understanding flax domestication and its primary gene pool. 相似文献