共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 522 毫秒
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退化草地土壤农化性状与微生物区系研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
通过对三种退化程度不同的草地土壤农化性状与微生物区系进行研究，结果表明，草地退化后，其土壤肥力水平、土壤微生物数量和微生物种类有随退化程度增高而下降的趋势；退化草地存在不同的程度的营养元素比例失调，表现为少氮、缺磷、富钾和高有机质含量，且退化程度接近的草地间，在土壤微生物区系和农化性状有部分类似的特征。 相似文献
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甘南高寒草甸退化过程中土壤理化性质和微生物数量动态变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究甘南高寒草甸退化草地土壤理化性质和微生物数量动态变化特征,为退化草地改良修复提供理论依据。于2017年5,7,10月分别采集极度(ED)、中度(MD)和轻度(LD)退化草地,以及未退化的对照草地(CK)土壤,测定其理化特性及微生物数量特征。结果表明:CK的土壤含水量在5,7月均显著小于LD、MD和ED的土壤含水量,而在10月显著大于LD、MD和ED的土壤含水量;随着退化程度的加剧,土壤pH逐渐增大,有机碳、全氮和全磷含量逐渐减小;土壤细菌数量对草地的退化反映更敏感,放线菌次之,真菌最小;CK和LD的土壤微生物数量随土层深度下降更为明显;冗余分析结合蒙特卡罗置换检验结果发现,各月份影响微生物数量的环境因子不同,显著影响5月微生物数量的是土壤全磷和土壤含水量,而7月除土壤pH外,其余指标均有显著影响,10月除土壤pH和土壤碳氮比外,植被盖度和生物量等均有显著影响。可见,甘南高寒草甸土壤理化特征和三大微生物数量对退化程度的响应具有季节差异,不同时期影响因素和权重需在草地管理中予以重视。 相似文献
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江河源区不同退化程度高寒草地土壤物理、化学及生物学特征研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
以不同退化梯度的高寒草地土壤为研究对象,研究草地退化对不同层次(0～10cm、10～20cm和20～30cm)土壤物理、化学和生物学特征的影响。结果表明:江河源区高寒生态条件下草地退化对土壤物理、化学和生物学性质具有相对一致的影响,随草地退化程度的加重,各土层土壤含水量和水稳性团聚体百分数逐渐下降,土壤容重则呈增加趋势。草地退化导致土壤各种营养物质含量(除全钾)、土壤微生物群落和土壤酶活性显著下降,其中土壤有机质、速效氮、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、土壤细菌、真菌和微生物总量在0～10cm土层表现为未退化轻度退化中度退化重度退化,而土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾和放线菌数量在0～10cm土层表现为轻度退化未退化中度退化重度退化,在10～30cm土层,则表现为严重退化草地的有些指标有一定程度升高。相关性分析结果表明,各种土壤酶和微生物群落之间呈显著或极显著正相关(除土壤脲酶和中性磷酸酶之间无显著相关性外);土壤水分,容重、有机碳、全氮、速效氮、速效钾与各种土壤酶和各种微生物均具有显著相关性;水稳性团聚体与各种微生物和中性磷酸酶具有显著相关性。 相似文献
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高寒草地不同退化程度下土壤微生物及土壤酶活性变化特征 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
为探讨不同退化程度对高寒草地土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响,以青藏高原东北缘祁连山3种不同退化程度(轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化)高寒草地为研究对象,测定和分析土壤3大类微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)和氮素生理群(氨化细菌、好气性固氮菌、嫌气固氮菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌)数量、微生物量(碳、氮)及土壤酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶)变化特征。结果表明:(1)相同土层不同退化程度,土壤3大类微生物数量、氮素生理群、微生物量以及土壤酶活性随退化程度的加重总体呈减小的趋势,重度退化程度下各指标含量最小,中等退化程度可增加10—20cm土壤放线菌、氨化细菌及反硝化细菌数量和20—30cm土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、好气性固氮菌、反硝化细菌数量;(2)不同土层相同退化程度,土壤3大类微生物数量、氮素生理群、微生物量以及土壤酶活性随土层深度的加深均逐渐减小。研究结果对评价草地退化程度提供了新思路,同时为高寒草地的恢复和重建提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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以三江源区不同退化程度的天然草地及不同恢复年限的人工草地为研究对象,系统分析土壤理化性质随取样深度的动态变化。结果表明:(1)人工草地土壤含水量及全氮、全钾、全磷、速效钾、速效磷的含量随恢复年限均表现出先减小后增大的"V"形变化趋势;(2)随着退化程度增加,退化草地土壤中含水量逐渐降低,全氮、全钾、有机质、速效钾含量未表现出逐渐降低趋势,而草地的裸斑面积、土壤及养分的流失量逐渐增加;(3)人工草地及退化草地土壤中全氮、速效钾、有机质含量均随着取样深度增加而逐渐降低,草地恢复年限和退化程度基本不影响养分在土壤中的空间分布;(4)人工草地建设使退化草地有机质、全氮、全钾的含量增加,尤其有利于0-4cm的土壤养分增加。因而,人工草地建设可以作为三江源区退化草地土壤恢复的措施之一。 相似文献
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天然草地退化引起草地植被和表层土壤遭到严重破坏,将使草地植被天然恢复过程受到强烈抑制。为此,试验采用长期(40年)封禁恢复技术,探究了封禁后黄土区退化草地植被变化特征,揭示了退化天然草地封禁恢复后的生态环境效应。结果表明：随着封禁恢复时间的变化,退化草地恢复演替已经历了5个时间段;草地生物量的变化过程已呈现出由先增加到后降低的趋势,尤其是在封禁恢复的第20年生物量达到最高值为520.5 g/m2;直到封禁恢复的第25年出现以本氏针茅为建群种的草原群落,第25年之后优势种大针茅种群密度急剧增加,在封禁的第30～34年以大针茅为群落的优势种生长繁殖较快,从群落恢复进程看大针茅有替代本氏针茅的趋势,但大针茅为有性繁殖,受草地凋落物的影响在群落中持续时间较短;从自然修复的35年后,通过种间竞争—扩散—定居—稳定生长的几个作用机制,又形成了以本氏针茅为建群种的“亚顶级”群落。此外,封禁后的草地物种丰富度和多样性逐渐提高。综上,封禁有利于黄土区草地生态系统恢复,且随着封禁时间的推演,草地生态系统逐渐趋于良性循环。 相似文献
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论退化草地与水土保持生态修复 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
草地是生态环境的载体．对改善生态环境，维护生态平衡．保护人类生存和发展起着重要的作用。然而，我国草地退化情况十分严重，对草地进行水土保持生态修复势在必行。通过生态修复的草地正在向着良好的方向发展，生态修复是新世纪水土保持生态建设的一个重大战略调整。 相似文献
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为了解本研究室于常温下筛选研制的秸秆腐熟剂在土壤中的施用效果,通过盆钵模拟培养试验,设置腐熟剂的不同施用方式（单独施用腐熟剂、配施葡萄糖、配施尿素、配施尿素与葡萄糖）,研究小麦秸秆还田施用秸秆腐熟剂后土壤微生物群落特征及养分含量变化,为该秸秆腐熟剂的产品化及合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明,秸秆腐熟剂以不同施用方式进入土壤后,土壤的微生物群落组成与活性相应发生显著变化,AWCD、Shannon多样性指数（H）、物种丰富度（S）均增大,早期土壤中细菌和真菌数量增加,腐熟剂与尿素的配合施用使土壤的基础呼吸和微生物代谢熵显著下降（P〈0.05）;腐熟剂施用加快了小麦秸秆的腐解速度,腐熟剂施用90d后,土壤中全磷、速效磷及速效钾的含量均有不同程度的增加,腐熟剂与尿素的配合施用增幅显著（P〈0.05）。在秸秆还田时,施用腐熟剂有助于土壤微生物群落活性与多样性的提高,同时也有利于改善土壤养分状况,腐熟剂与尿素配合施用的效果最佳。 相似文献
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微生物菌剂对小麦秸秆和尿素静态堆腐过程的影响(简报) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨微生物菌剂对小麦秸秆和尿素静态堆腐过程的影响机制,研究了在静态通气条件下,微生物菌剂对堆腐过程温度和水解酶活性的影响。结果表明,G+J（添加葡萄糖活化的微生物菌剂）、J（微生物菌剂）和CK（不加微生物菌剂）处理的最高温度分别为66 .0℃、67.1℃和59.5℃,整个堆腐过程温度高于50 ℃的时间为：G+J（240 h）＞J（120 h）＞CK（96 h）。G+J处理的纤维素酶活性峰值出现在第9 d,达到 334.37 mg/(g·d),J和CK酶活性峰值较G+J滞后3 d和6 d出现,酶活性峰值分别为271.59 mg/(g·d)和236.67 mg/(g·d);G+J处理蔗糖酶活性峰值是CK处理的2.53倍,J处理蔗糖酶活性是CK处理的2.33倍;随着堆腐时间的延长,23 d后各处理脲酶活性均小于 20.00 mg/(g·d)。相关性分析表明,3个处理的纤维素酶活性与温度负相关,但是不显著(P＞0.05);G+J处理的蔗糖酶活性与温度呈极显著负相关,J处理的蔗糖酶活性与温度呈显著性负相关;3个处理的脲酶活性与温度均达到显著或极显著负相关（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）。可见,复合微生物菌剂可以改变腐解过程中温度与水解酶活性。 相似文献
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堆肥作为微生物菌剂载体的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以自然风干的堆肥为载体,吸附3株功能芽胞细菌液体菌剂制成不同生物肥料,通过不同时间取样比较堆肥、有机无机肥和生物有机肥以及生物复混肥中功能芽胞细菌和普通微生物数量以及pH等指标变化,探讨堆肥作为载体生产生物肥料的可行性。研究结果表明,经过自然风干的堆肥与蛭石比较,吸附液体微生物菌剂后无论外观、手感还是功能芽胞细菌死亡率,差异均不大。含水量小于15%堆肥吸附液体菌剂比例为6%比较合适,吸附比例高时,生物肥料含水量和pH较高,影响保存效果。生物有机肥和生物复混肥保存6个月时,3株功能芽胞细菌总数分别为0.59×108 CFU.g-1和0.38×108 CFU.g-1,依然可达到农业行业标准要求。生物有机肥中功能芽胞细菌数量最高,生物复混肥集合了三大肥料优点,堆肥中普通微生物数量和多样性最高。完全腐熟的堆肥经过自然风干后可作为微生物菌剂载体。 相似文献
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Jinsheng LI Xinqing SHAO Ding HUANG Kesi LIU Jianying SHANG Qian ZHANG Tianci ZHAO Xiaomeng YANG 《土壤圈》2022,32(3):426-437
Soil remediation is an important part of the restoration process of degraded terrestrial ecosystems. Due to its unique properties, biochar is being used widely as an effective soil modifier in agricultural systems, but research is still rare on biochar application in grassland ecosystems, especially in degraded alpine grasslands. In this study, we conducted a plot experiment to investigate the effect of biochar application on soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms at the 0–20 cm soil depth of a degraded alpine grassland in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The experiment consisted of four corn straw biochar application levels (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%, with the percentage representing the ratio of biochar weight to the dry weight of soil in the surface 20 cm soil layer). When the biochar addition increased from 0% to 2%, total nitrogen, total organic carbon and available phosphorus in the 0–10 cm soil layer increased by 41%, 55% and 45%, respectively, in the second year after biochar addition. Meanwhile, soil electrical conductivity decreased, and soil water content increased. Total microbial, fungal and bacterial biomasses in the 0–10 cm soil layer increased from 9.15 to 12.68, 0.91 to 1.34, and 3.85 to 4.55 μg g-1, respectively. The relative biomasses of saprophytic fungi and methanotrophic bacteria decreased, while the relative biomasses of ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased. These results indicate that biochar has a great potential in improving microbial activity and soil fertility in soil remediation of the degraded alpine grassland. 相似文献
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微生物预处理油菜秸秆对提高沼气产量的影响 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
为研究微生物预处理技术对秸秆发酵制沼气的影响,采用混合菌剂对油菜秸秆进行预处理,利用红外光谱分析仪和扫描电子显微镜对预处理前后的秸秆进行分析。结果表明,混菌共发酵预处理11 d后油菜秸秆的纤维素、木质素、半纤维素降解率分别达到了37.4%、28.9%和29.9%。混菌共发酵预处理使油菜秸秆的木质纤维素内部结构发生较大改变,产生很多裂缝和空洞。以油菜秸秆为原料进行沼气发酵试验,发现预处理后的秸秆日产气量最高峰值较未处理的提高了37.6%,累计产气量提高了17.8%。由此可见,通过混合菌剂降解油菜秸秆中的纤维素、木质素和半纤维素,可促进秸秆生物质转化为沼气。 相似文献
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Response of microbial community composition and activity in agricultural and grassland soils after a simulated rainfall 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kerri L. Steenwerth Louise E. Jackson Kate M. Scow 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(12):2249-2262
Rainfall in Mediterranean climates may affect soil microbial processes and communities differently in agricultural vs. grassland soils. We explored the hypothesis that land use intensification decreases the resistance of microbial community composition and activity to perturbation. Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics and microbial responses to a simulated Spring rainfall were measured in grassland and agricultural ecosystems. The California ecosystems consisted of two paired sets: annual vegetable crops and annual grassland in Salinas Valley, and perennial grass agriculture and native perennial grassland in Carmel Valley. Soil types of the respective ecosystem pairs were derived from granitic parent material and had sandy loam textures. Intact cores (30 cm deep) were collected in March 1999. After equilibration, dry soil cores (approx. −1 to −2 MPa) were exposed to a simulated Spring rainfall of 2.4 cm, and then were measured at 0, 6, 24, and 120 h after rewetting. Microbial biomass C (MBC) and inorganic N did not respond to rewetting. N2O and CO2 efflux and respiration increased after rewetting in all soils, with larger responses in the grassland than in the agricultural soils. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles indicated that changes in microbial community composition after rewetting were most pronounced in intensive vegetable production, followed by the relict perennial grassland. Changes in specific PLFA markers were not consistent across all sites. There were more similarities among microbial groups associated with PLFA markers in agricultural ecosystems than grassland ecosystems. Differences in responses of microbial communities may be related to the different plant species composition of the grasslands. Agricultural intensification appeared to decrease microbial diversity, as estimated from numbers of individual PLFA identified for each ecosystem, and reduce resistance to change in microbial community composition after rewetting. In the agricultural systems, reductions in both the measures of microbial diversity and the resistance of the microbial community composition to change after a perturbation were associated with lower ecosystem function, i.e. lower microbial responses to increased moisture availability. 相似文献
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中国有90%以上的草地处于退化或正在退化状态,严重影响畜牧业和生态环境的可持续发展,退化草地改良十分关键。目前,草地改良技术相关科学研究、草地改良生产实践、草地改良机械研发等存在一定的脱节现象,限制了中国草地改良的整体推进。针对以上问题,该研究对24种目前常见的草地改良技术进行总结,归纳了改良技术特点及适用条件。对草地改良技术进行系统分析,建立草地改良技术分类框架,形成草地综合改良工艺流程。在所建立的4类草地改良原理框架下,分析了相应改良技术作业工艺及相关作业机械的特点,并指出相关作业机械和设备的研发方向。基于目前草地退化还未彻底遏制的现状,未来草地保护和退化草地的机械化改良应重点开展以下工作：1）加强草地保护,增加草地退化预防环节,坚持走用草养地相结合的道路。2）草地改良工艺方面,在现有免耕直播改良工艺基础上重组和优化改良工艺,研发和推广复式改良机械。3）在草地机械化改良技术方面,应强化基础研究,弥补现有改良机械的技术短板,充分发挥特色技术优势。4）在草地保护和改良政策方面,应加强政策支持和对基层的技术指导,提高基层对草地保护和草地改良的积极性。该研究可为退化草地改良工艺方案制定、相关作业机械选择、相关政策制定等提供参考,为草地改良机械设备的研发提供借鉴。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):768-782
The mountainous region of the Himalayas is covered with forest, grassland, and arable land, but the variation in ecosystem functions has not been fully explored because of the lack of available data. This study appraises the changes in soil properties over the course of a year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) for forest, grassland, and arable soils in a typical hilly and mountainous region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Soil samples were collected from major land-cover types in the mountain region: natural forest, grassland, and cultivated land (arable). The natural forest served as a control against which changes in soil properties resulting from removal of natural vegetation and cultivation of soil were assessed. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm six times during the year and examined for changes in temperature, moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), micronutrients [iron, manganese, copper, and zinc (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, respectively)], and microbial population. Significant differences were found in soil temperature, soil moisture, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and number of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi among the three land-cover types. Soil under cultivation had 4–5 °C higher temperature and 3–6% lower moisture than the adjacent soils under grassland and forest. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of forest, grassland, and arable soil were 0.36, 0.30, and 0.31 dS m?1, indicating that soil collected from the forest had 18–20% more EC than the adjacent arable and grassland soils. On average, amounts of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the soil collected from the arable site were 6.6, 5.7, 1.7, and 0.8 mg kg?1, compared with 24.0, 12.1, 3.5, and 1.2 mg kg?1 soil in the forest soil, showing that arable had two to four times less micronutrients than grassland and forest. Populations of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the forest were 22.3 (105), 8.2 (105), and 2.5 (103), respectively, while arable land exhibited 8.2 (105), 3.2 (105), and 0.87 (103). Season (temperature) and depth showed significant effects on microbial activity and nutrient concentration, and both decreased significantly in winter and in the subsurface layer of 15?30 cm. Different contents of the parameters among arable, grassland, and forest soils indicated an extractive effect of cultivation and agricultural practices on soil. Natural vegetation appeared to be a main contributor to soil quality as it maintained the moisture content and increased the nutrient status and microbial growth of soil. Therefore, it is important to sustain high-altitude ecosystems and reinstate the degraded lands in the mountain region. 相似文献